Analysis of Purines and Pyrimidines distribution over miRNAs of Human, Gorilla, Chimpanzee, Mouse and Rat
Meaningful words in English need vowels to break up the sounds that consonants make. The Nature has encoded her messages in RNA molecules using only four alphabets A, U, C and G in which the nine member double-ring bases (adenine (A) and Guanine (G)) are purines, while the six member single-ring bas...
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| description | Meaningful words in English need vowels to break up the sounds that consonants make. The Nature has encoded her messages in RNA molecules using only four alphabets A, U, C and G in which the nine member double-ring bases (adenine (A) and Guanine (G)) are purines, while the six member single-ring bases (cytosine (C) and uracil (U)) are pyrimidines. Four bases A, U, C and G of RNA sequences are divided into three kinds of classifications according to their chemical properties. One of the three classifications, the purine-pyrimidine class is important. In understanding the distribution (organization) of purines and pyrimidines over some of the non-coding RNAs, all miRNAs of the three species (human, gorilla and chimpanzee) of Hominidae family and two species (mouse and rat) from of Muridae family are considered. The distribution of purines and pyrimidines over miRNA shows deviation from randomness. Based on the quantitative metrics (fractal dimension, Hurst exponent, Hamming distance, distance pattern of purine-pyrimidine, density distribution of purine-pyrimidine and Shannon entropy) five different clusters have been made for the five species. We have observed some couple of results including the closeness of different clusters among the five species. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/s41598-018-28289-x |
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Sarif ; Basu, Pallab</creator><creatorcontrib>Das, Jayanta Kumar ; Choudhury, Pabitra Pal ; Chaudhuri, Adwitiya ; Hassan, Sk. Sarif ; Basu, Pallab</creatorcontrib><description>Meaningful words in English need vowels to break up the sounds that consonants make. The Nature has encoded her messages in RNA molecules using only four alphabets A, U, C and G in which the nine member double-ring bases (adenine (A) and Guanine (G)) are purines, while the six member single-ring bases (cytosine (C) and uracil (U)) are pyrimidines. Four bases A, U, C and G of RNA sequences are divided into three kinds of classifications according to their chemical properties. One of the three classifications, the purine-pyrimidine class is important. In understanding the distribution (organization) of purines and pyrimidines over some of the non-coding RNAs, all miRNAs of the three species (human, gorilla and chimpanzee) of Hominidae family and two species (mouse and rat) from of Muridae family are considered. The distribution of purines and pyrimidines over miRNA shows deviation from randomness. Based on the quantitative metrics (fractal dimension, Hurst exponent, Hamming distance, distance pattern of purine-pyrimidine, density distribution of purine-pyrimidine and Shannon entropy) five different clusters have been made for the five species. We have observed some couple of results including the closeness of different clusters among the five species.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2045-2322</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2045-2322</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-28289-x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 29967426</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>631/114 ; 631/1647 ; Adenine ; Animals ; Chemical properties ; Cytosine ; Fractals ; Gorilla gorilla - genetics ; Guanine ; Humanities and Social Sciences ; Humans ; Mice ; MicroRNAs - chemistry ; miRNA ; multidisciplinary ; Pan troglodytes - genetics ; Purines ; Purines - analysis ; Pyrimidines ; Pyrimidines - analysis ; Rats ; Science ; Science (multidisciplinary) ; Species ; Species Specificity ; Uracil</subject><ispartof>Scientific reports, 2018-07, Vol.8 (1), p.9974-19, Article 9974</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2018</rights><rights>2018. 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Sarif</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Basu, Pallab</creatorcontrib><title>Analysis of Purines and Pyrimidines distribution over miRNAs of Human, Gorilla, Chimpanzee, Mouse and Rat</title><title>Scientific reports</title><addtitle>Sci Rep</addtitle><addtitle>Sci Rep</addtitle><description>Meaningful words in English need vowels to break up the sounds that consonants make. The Nature has encoded her messages in RNA molecules using only four alphabets A, U, C and G in which the nine member double-ring bases (adenine (A) and Guanine (G)) are purines, while the six member single-ring bases (cytosine (C) and uracil (U)) are pyrimidines. Four bases A, U, C and G of RNA sequences are divided into three kinds of classifications according to their chemical properties. One of the three classifications, the purine-pyrimidine class is important. In understanding the distribution (organization) of purines and pyrimidines over some of the non-coding RNAs, all miRNAs of the three species (human, gorilla and chimpanzee) of Hominidae family and two species (mouse and rat) from of Muridae family are considered. The distribution of purines and pyrimidines over miRNA shows deviation from randomness. Based on the quantitative metrics (fractal dimension, Hurst exponent, Hamming distance, distance pattern of purine-pyrimidine, density distribution of purine-pyrimidine and Shannon entropy) five different clusters have been made for the five species. We have observed some couple of results including the closeness of different clusters among the five species.</description><subject>631/114</subject><subject>631/1647</subject><subject>Adenine</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Chemical properties</subject><subject>Cytosine</subject><subject>Fractals</subject><subject>Gorilla gorilla - genetics</subject><subject>Guanine</subject><subject>Humanities and Social Sciences</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>MicroRNAs - chemistry</subject><subject>miRNA</subject><subject>multidisciplinary</subject><subject>Pan troglodytes - genetics</subject><subject>Purines</subject><subject>Purines - analysis</subject><subject>Pyrimidines</subject><subject>Pyrimidines - analysis</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Science</subject><subject>Science (multidisciplinary)</subject><subject>Species</subject><subject>Species Specificity</subject><subject>Uracil</subject><issn>2045-2322</issn><issn>2045-2322</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>C6C</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kUtP3DAUha2qCBDlD7CoLHXTxaT1M7E3lUajFioBRaisLSe5AaPEntoJYvrraya82kW98EP-7vE9PggdUfKJEq4-J0GlVgWhqmCKKV3cv0H7jAhZMM7Y21f7PXSY0i3JQzItqN5Fe0zrshKs3Edu6W2_SS7h0OGLKToPCVvf4otNdINrt-fWpTG6ehpd8DjcQcSDuzxfbmtOpsH6BT4O0fW9XeDVjRvW1v8GWOCzMCXYql3a8R3a6Wyf4PBxPUBX377-XJ0Upz-Ov6-Wp0UjKjEWDbRQda3oFK-FVDI3LYEDa7io8mSZqi2orqxL1mmQFChwLltQFeG66QQ_QF9m3fVUD9A24Mdoe7POdmzcmGCd-fvGuxtzHe5MSZiSqsoCHx8FYvg1QRrN4FID2Z2HbMgwUvKK6orQjH74B70NU8w_OlOsFEI9UGymmhhSitA9N0OJeQjTzGGaHKbZhmnuc9H71zaeS56iywCfgZSv_DXEl7f_I_sHPCmryQ</recordid><startdate>20180702</startdate><enddate>20180702</enddate><creator>Das, Jayanta Kumar</creator><creator>Choudhury, Pabitra Pal</creator><creator>Chaudhuri, Adwitiya</creator><creator>Hassan, Sk. 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Sarif</au><au>Basu, Pallab</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Analysis of Purines and Pyrimidines distribution over miRNAs of Human, Gorilla, Chimpanzee, Mouse and Rat</atitle><jtitle>Scientific reports</jtitle><stitle>Sci Rep</stitle><addtitle>Sci Rep</addtitle><date>2018-07-02</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>8</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>9974</spage><epage>19</epage><pages>9974-19</pages><artnum>9974</artnum><issn>2045-2322</issn><eissn>2045-2322</eissn><abstract>Meaningful words in English need vowels to break up the sounds that consonants make. The Nature has encoded her messages in RNA molecules using only four alphabets A, U, C and G in which the nine member double-ring bases (adenine (A) and Guanine (G)) are purines, while the six member single-ring bases (cytosine (C) and uracil (U)) are pyrimidines. Four bases A, U, C and G of RNA sequences are divided into three kinds of classifications according to their chemical properties. One of the three classifications, the purine-pyrimidine class is important. In understanding the distribution (organization) of purines and pyrimidines over some of the non-coding RNAs, all miRNAs of the three species (human, gorilla and chimpanzee) of Hominidae family and two species (mouse and rat) from of Muridae family are considered. The distribution of purines and pyrimidines over miRNA shows deviation from randomness. Based on the quantitative metrics (fractal dimension, Hurst exponent, Hamming distance, distance pattern of purine-pyrimidine, density distribution of purine-pyrimidine and Shannon entropy) five different clusters have been made for the five species. We have observed some couple of results including the closeness of different clusters among the five species.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>29967426</pmid><doi>10.1038/s41598-018-28289-x</doi><tpages>19</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7630-7194</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | 631/114 631/1647 Adenine Animals Chemical properties Cytosine Fractals Gorilla gorilla - genetics Guanine Humanities and Social Sciences Humans Mice MicroRNAs - chemistry miRNA multidisciplinary Pan troglodytes - genetics Purines Purines - analysis Pyrimidines Pyrimidines - analysis Rats Science Science (multidisciplinary) Species Species Specificity Uracil |
| title | Analysis of Purines and Pyrimidines distribution over miRNAs of Human, Gorilla, Chimpanzee, Mouse and Rat |
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