Genome-Wide Identification, Classification, and Expression Divergence of Glutathione-Transferase Family in Brassica rapa under Multiple Hormone Treatments
The GSTs is one of the most important multifunctional protein families which has been playing a crucial role in the different aspects of plant growth. This extensive study about GSTs may establish a solid foundation for the brief functional analysis of BraGSTs in future. In this study, a total of 75...
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| description | The GSTs is one of the most important multifunctional protein families which has been playing a crucial role in the different aspects of plant growth. This extensive study about GSTs may establish a solid foundation for the brief functional analysis of BraGSTs in future. In this study, a total of 75 genes were identified in B. rapa. Phylogenetic analysis characterized them into eight different subclasses, while Tau and Phi subclasses were the most numerous. The exon-intron structure and the motif composition of BraGSTs were exhibited accordingly to their subclasses. Notably, we also investigated 15 tandem paralogous pairs of genes, which highlighted that all the pairs were purifying in nature as their synonymous values were lower than 1.00. Duplication analysis indicated that about 45.33% of genes mainly occurred through tandem duplication in B. rapa. Predominately, the tandem cluster of genes in subclass Tau was greater than the other subclasses. Furthermore, among eight multiple hormonal treatments (ABA, GA, BR, ETH, IAA, IBA, NPA, and JA), most number of BraGSTs was activated by NPA, BR, and ABA treatments. This analysis has provided comprehensive information about GSTs family which may assist in elucidating their exact functions in B. rapa. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1155/2018/6023457 |
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This extensive study about GSTs may establish a solid foundation for the brief functional analysis of BraGSTs in future. In this study, a total of 75 genes were identified in B. rapa. Phylogenetic analysis characterized them into eight different subclasses, while Tau and Phi subclasses were the most numerous. The exon-intron structure and the motif composition of BraGSTs were exhibited accordingly to their subclasses. Notably, we also investigated 15 tandem paralogous pairs of genes, which highlighted that all the pairs were purifying in nature as their synonymous values were lower than 1.00. Duplication analysis indicated that about 45.33% of genes mainly occurred through tandem duplication in B. rapa. Predominately, the tandem cluster of genes in subclass Tau was greater than the other subclasses. Furthermore, among eight multiple hormonal treatments (ABA, GA, BR, ETH, IAA, IBA, NPA, and JA), most number of BraGSTs was activated by NPA, BR, and ABA treatments. This analysis has provided comprehensive information about GSTs family which may assist in elucidating their exact functions in B. rapa.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2314-6133</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2314-6141</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1155/2018/6023457</identifier><identifier>PMID: 29992155</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cairo, Egypt: Hindawi Publishing Corporation</publisher><subject>Brassica ; Brassica rapa ; Brassica rapa - enzymology ; Brassicaceae ; Divergence ; Edwards, R ; Evolution ; Functional analysis ; Gene expression ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Genes ; Genome, Plant ; Genomes ; Genomics ; Glutathione ; Glutathione Transferase - genetics ; Glutathione Transferase - metabolism ; Hormones ; Investigations ; Mammals ; Maximum likelihood method ; Metabolism ; Molecular biology ; Oxidative stress ; Phylogenetics ; Phylogeny ; Plant growth ; Plant Proteins - genetics ; Protein families ; Proteins ; Reproduction (copying) ; Rice ; Salinity ; Signal transduction ; Thiols ; Trends</subject><ispartof>BioMed research international, 2018-01, Vol.2018 (2018), p.1-19</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2018 Nadeem Khan et al.</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2018 Nadeem Khan et al.; This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2018 Nadeem Khan et al. 2018</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c499t-c9639003264cd3c75cce67e878fd64ebd78f2e5113c2b38363ad56b7edeec3d03</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c499t-c9639003264cd3c75cce67e878fd64ebd78f2e5113c2b38363ad56b7edeec3d03</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-5672-3115 ; 0000-0002-0945-6165 ; 0000-0002-3007-2772</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5994329/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5994329/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29992155$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Pascarella, Stefano</contributor><contributor>Stefano Pascarella</contributor><creatorcontrib>Hou, Xilin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Amjad Khan, Waleed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hu, Chun-mei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khan, Nadeem</creatorcontrib><title>Genome-Wide Identification, Classification, and Expression Divergence of Glutathione-Transferase Family in Brassica rapa under Multiple Hormone Treatments</title><title>BioMed research international</title><addtitle>Biomed Res Int</addtitle><description>The GSTs is one of the most important multifunctional protein families which has been playing a crucial role in the different aspects of plant growth. This extensive study about GSTs may establish a solid foundation for the brief functional analysis of BraGSTs in future. In this study, a total of 75 genes were identified in B. rapa. Phylogenetic analysis characterized them into eight different subclasses, while Tau and Phi subclasses were the most numerous. The exon-intron structure and the motif composition of BraGSTs were exhibited accordingly to their subclasses. Notably, we also investigated 15 tandem paralogous pairs of genes, which highlighted that all the pairs were purifying in nature as their synonymous values were lower than 1.00. Duplication analysis indicated that about 45.33% of genes mainly occurred through tandem duplication in B. rapa. Predominately, the tandem cluster of genes in subclass Tau was greater than the other subclasses. Furthermore, among eight multiple hormonal treatments (ABA, GA, BR, ETH, IAA, IBA, NPA, and JA), most number of BraGSTs was activated by NPA, BR, and ABA treatments. This analysis has provided comprehensive information about GSTs family which may assist in elucidating their exact functions in B. rapa.</description><subject>Brassica</subject><subject>Brassica rapa</subject><subject>Brassica rapa - enzymology</subject><subject>Brassicaceae</subject><subject>Divergence</subject><subject>Edwards, R</subject><subject>Evolution</subject><subject>Functional analysis</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation, Plant</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Genome, Plant</subject><subject>Genomes</subject><subject>Genomics</subject><subject>Glutathione</subject><subject>Glutathione Transferase - genetics</subject><subject>Glutathione Transferase - metabolism</subject><subject>Hormones</subject><subject>Investigations</subject><subject>Mammals</subject><subject>Maximum likelihood method</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Molecular biology</subject><subject>Oxidative stress</subject><subject>Phylogenetics</subject><subject>Phylogeny</subject><subject>Plant growth</subject><subject>Plant Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Protein families</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Reproduction (copying)</subject><subject>Rice</subject><subject>Salinity</subject><subject>Signal transduction</subject><subject>Thiols</subject><subject>Trends</subject><issn>2314-6133</issn><issn>2314-6141</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RHX</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkk1v1DAQhiMEolXpjTOyxAWJhsYfceILUru020pFXBZxtLz2ZNeVYy92Uuhf6a-to122hRO-eOx55p13pCmKt7j6hHFdn5IKt6e8IpTVzYvikFDMSo4ZfrmPKT0ojlO6rfJpMa8Ef10cECEEyfWHxcMcfOih_GENoGsDfrCd1WqwwZ-gmVMpPXsrb9DF702E_Bs8-mLvIK7Aa0ChQ3M3DmpY5wSUi6h86iCqBOhS9dbdI-vReZzktEJRbRQavYGIvo5usBsH6CrEPpeiRQQ19NlHelO86pRLcLy7j4rvlxeL2VV5821-PTu7KTUTYii14FRUFSWcaUN1U2sNvIG2aTvDGSxNDgjUGFNNlrSlnCpT82UDBkBTU9Gj4vNWdzMuezA6947KyU20vYr3Migr_854u5arcCdrIRglIgt82AnE8HOENMjeJg3OKQ9hTJJUvKWMUU4y-v4f9DaM0efxMsUEE9lm80StlANpfRdyXz2JyjNOcCNaXk--T7aUjiGlCN3eMq7ktB1y2g65246Mv3s-5h7-swsZ-LgF1tYb9cv-pxxkBjr1RGPSTPYeAeKlzcE</recordid><startdate>20180101</startdate><enddate>20180101</enddate><creator>Hou, Xilin</creator><creator>Amjad Khan, Waleed</creator><creator>Hu, Chun-mei</creator><creator>Khan, Nadeem</creator><general>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</general><general>Hindawi</general><general>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</general><general>Hindawi Limited</general><scope>ADJCN</scope><scope>AHFXO</scope><scope>RHU</scope><scope>RHW</scope><scope>RHX</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>CWDGH</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5672-3115</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0945-6165</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3007-2772</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20180101</creationdate><title>Genome-Wide Identification, Classification, and Expression Divergence of Glutathione-Transferase Family in Brassica rapa under Multiple Hormone Treatments</title><author>Hou, Xilin ; Amjad Khan, Waleed ; Hu, Chun-mei ; Khan, Nadeem</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c499t-c9639003264cd3c75cce67e878fd64ebd78f2e5113c2b38363ad56b7edeec3d03</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Brassica</topic><topic>Brassica rapa</topic><topic>Brassica rapa - enzymology</topic><topic>Brassicaceae</topic><topic>Divergence</topic><topic>Edwards, R</topic><topic>Evolution</topic><topic>Functional analysis</topic><topic>Gene expression</topic><topic>Gene Expression Regulation, Plant</topic><topic>Genes</topic><topic>Genome, Plant</topic><topic>Genomes</topic><topic>Genomics</topic><topic>Glutathione</topic><topic>Glutathione Transferase - genetics</topic><topic>Glutathione Transferase - metabolism</topic><topic>Hormones</topic><topic>Investigations</topic><topic>Mammals</topic><topic>Maximum likelihood method</topic><topic>Metabolism</topic><topic>Molecular biology</topic><topic>Oxidative stress</topic><topic>Phylogenetics</topic><topic>Phylogeny</topic><topic>Plant growth</topic><topic>Plant Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Protein families</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Reproduction (copying)</topic><topic>Rice</topic><topic>Salinity</topic><topic>Signal transduction</topic><topic>Thiols</topic><topic>Trends</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hou, Xilin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Amjad Khan, Waleed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hu, Chun-mei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khan, Nadeem</creatorcontrib><collection>الدوريات العلمية والإحصائية - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>BioMed research international</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hou, Xilin</au><au>Amjad Khan, Waleed</au><au>Hu, Chun-mei</au><au>Khan, Nadeem</au><au>Pascarella, Stefano</au><au>Stefano Pascarella</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Genome-Wide Identification, Classification, and Expression Divergence of Glutathione-Transferase Family in Brassica rapa under Multiple Hormone Treatments</atitle><jtitle>BioMed research international</jtitle><addtitle>Biomed Res Int</addtitle><date>2018-01-01</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>2018</volume><issue>2018</issue><spage>1</spage><epage>19</epage><pages>1-19</pages><issn>2314-6133</issn><eissn>2314-6141</eissn><abstract>The GSTs is one of the most important multifunctional protein families which has been playing a crucial role in the different aspects of plant growth. This extensive study about GSTs may establish a solid foundation for the brief functional analysis of BraGSTs in future. In this study, a total of 75 genes were identified in B. rapa. Phylogenetic analysis characterized them into eight different subclasses, while Tau and Phi subclasses were the most numerous. The exon-intron structure and the motif composition of BraGSTs were exhibited accordingly to their subclasses. Notably, we also investigated 15 tandem paralogous pairs of genes, which highlighted that all the pairs were purifying in nature as their synonymous values were lower than 1.00. Duplication analysis indicated that about 45.33% of genes mainly occurred through tandem duplication in B. rapa. Predominately, the tandem cluster of genes in subclass Tau was greater than the other subclasses. Furthermore, among eight multiple hormonal treatments (ABA, GA, BR, ETH, IAA, IBA, NPA, and JA), most number of BraGSTs was activated by NPA, BR, and ABA treatments. This analysis has provided comprehensive information about GSTs family which may assist in elucidating their exact functions in B. rapa.</abstract><cop>Cairo, Egypt</cop><pub>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</pub><pmid>29992155</pmid><doi>10.1155/2018/6023457</doi><tpages>19</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5672-3115</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0945-6165</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3007-2772</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Brassica Brassica rapa Brassica rapa - enzymology Brassicaceae Divergence Edwards, R Evolution Functional analysis Gene expression Gene Expression Regulation, Plant Genes Genome, Plant Genomes Genomics Glutathione Glutathione Transferase - genetics Glutathione Transferase - metabolism Hormones Investigations Mammals Maximum likelihood method Metabolism Molecular biology Oxidative stress Phylogenetics Phylogeny Plant growth Plant Proteins - genetics Protein families Proteins Reproduction (copying) Rice Salinity Signal transduction Thiols Trends |
| title | Genome-Wide Identification, Classification, and Expression Divergence of Glutathione-Transferase Family in Brassica rapa under Multiple Hormone Treatments |
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