Rare transformation to double hit lymphoma in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia
Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is a lymphoproliferative lymphoma that is characterized by monoclonal immunoglobulin M (IgM) protein and bone marrow infiltration. Its incidence is rare and rarer still is its ability to transform to a B-cell lymphoma, particularly the aggressive diffuse large B-ce...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Immunotherapy 2017-08, Vol.9 (9), p.709-714 |
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| creator | Okolo, Onyemaechi N Johnson, Ariel C Yun, Seongseok Arnold, Stacy J Anwer, Faiz |
| description | Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is a lymphoproliferative lymphoma that is characterized by monoclonal immunoglobulin M (IgM) protein and bone marrow infiltration. Its incidence is rare and rarer still is its ability to transform to a B-cell lymphoma, particularly the aggressive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, which bodes a poor prognosis. When transformation includes mutations of MYC, BCL-2 and/or BCL-6, it is known as a 'double hit' or 'triple hit' lymphoma respectively. This paper presents a rare case of WM with mutations positive for MYC and BCL2, making it a case of double hit B-cell lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma with plasmatic differentiation without morphological transformation to aggressive histology like DLBCL. The paper also broadens to include discussions on current topics in the classification, diagnosis, possible causes of transformation, and treatment of WM, including transformation to double hit lymphoma. The significance of this case lies in that the presence of double hit lymphoma-like genetic mutations in WM have not been previously described in the literature and potentially such changes are harbinger of extra-nodal presentation, aggressive growth, and possibly poor prognosis, if data from other double-hit lymphoma are extrapolated. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.2217/imt-2017-0027 |
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Its incidence is rare and rarer still is its ability to transform to a B-cell lymphoma, particularly the aggressive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, which bodes a poor prognosis. When transformation includes mutations of MYC, BCL-2 and/or BCL-6, it is known as a 'double hit' or 'triple hit' lymphoma respectively. This paper presents a rare case of WM with mutations positive for MYC and BCL2, making it a case of double hit B-cell lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma with plasmatic differentiation without morphological transformation to aggressive histology like DLBCL. The paper also broadens to include discussions on current topics in the classification, diagnosis, possible causes of transformation, and treatment of WM, including transformation to double hit lymphoma. The significance of this case lies in that the presence of double hit lymphoma-like genetic mutations in WM have not been previously described in the literature and potentially such changes are harbinger of extra-nodal presentation, aggressive growth, and possibly poor prognosis, if data from other double-hit lymphoma are extrapolated.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1750-743X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1750-7448</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.2217/imt-2017-0027</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28771100</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Future Medicine Ltd</publisher><subject>Aged ; Anemia ; Bcl-2 protein ; Bcl-6 protein ; Biomarkers, Tumor - genetics ; Blood ; Bone marrow ; Bone Marrow - physiology ; Case Report ; Cell cycle ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic ; Coronary vessels ; Flow cytometry ; Genetic transformation ; Histology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin M ; Immunoglobulin M - blood ; Immunoglobulins ; Immunophenotyping ; Leukemia ; Lymphatic system ; Lymphocytes ; Lymphocytes B ; Lymphoma ; Lymphoma, B-Cell - genetics ; Macroglobulinemia ; Male ; Medical prognosis ; Mutation ; Mutation - genetics ; Myc protein ; Patients ; Prognosis ; Proteins ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 - genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc - genetics ; Tumors ; Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia - diagnosis ; Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia - genetics ; Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia</subject><ispartof>Immunotherapy, 2017-08, Vol.9 (9), p.709-714</ispartof><rights>2017 Future Medicine Ltd</rights><rights>Copyright Future Medicine Ltd Aug 2017</rights><rights>2017 Future Medicine Ltd 2017</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c465t-14fae8523466f3f9ef64f953fe26a29b8e43bd75f14f15903f999c221ce19b423</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c465t-14fae8523466f3f9ef64f953fe26a29b8e43bd75f14f15903f999c221ce19b423</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5992568/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5992568/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27922,27923,53789,53791</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28771100$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Okolo, Onyemaechi N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Johnson, Ariel C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yun, Seongseok</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arnold, Stacy J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Anwer, Faiz</creatorcontrib><title>Rare transformation to double hit lymphoma in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia</title><title>Immunotherapy</title><addtitle>Immunotherapy</addtitle><description>Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is a lymphoproliferative lymphoma that is characterized by monoclonal immunoglobulin M (IgM) protein and bone marrow infiltration. Its incidence is rare and rarer still is its ability to transform to a B-cell lymphoma, particularly the aggressive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, which bodes a poor prognosis. When transformation includes mutations of MYC, BCL-2 and/or BCL-6, it is known as a 'double hit' or 'triple hit' lymphoma respectively. This paper presents a rare case of WM with mutations positive for MYC and BCL2, making it a case of double hit B-cell lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma with plasmatic differentiation without morphological transformation to aggressive histology like DLBCL. The paper also broadens to include discussions on current topics in the classification, diagnosis, possible causes of transformation, and treatment of WM, including transformation to double hit lymphoma. The significance of this case lies in that the presence of double hit lymphoma-like genetic mutations in WM have not been previously described in the literature and potentially such changes are harbinger of extra-nodal presentation, aggressive growth, and possibly poor prognosis, if data from other double-hit lymphoma are extrapolated.</description><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Anemia</subject><subject>Bcl-2 protein</subject><subject>Bcl-6 protein</subject><subject>Biomarkers, Tumor - genetics</subject><subject>Blood</subject><subject>Bone marrow</subject><subject>Bone Marrow - physiology</subject><subject>Case Report</subject><subject>Cell cycle</subject><subject>Cell Differentiation</subject><subject>Cell Transformation, Neoplastic</subject><subject>Coronary vessels</subject><subject>Flow cytometry</subject><subject>Genetic transformation</subject><subject>Histology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immunoglobulin M</subject><subject>Immunoglobulin M - blood</subject><subject>Immunoglobulins</subject><subject>Immunophenotyping</subject><subject>Leukemia</subject><subject>Lymphatic system</subject><subject>Lymphocytes</subject><subject>Lymphocytes B</subject><subject>Lymphoma</subject><subject>Lymphoma, B-Cell - genetics</subject><subject>Macroglobulinemia</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical prognosis</subject><subject>Mutation</subject><subject>Mutation - genetics</subject><subject>Myc protein</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>Prognosis</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 - genetics</subject><subject>Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc - genetics</subject><subject>Tumors</subject><subject>Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia - diagnosis</subject><subject>Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia - genetics</subject><subject>Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia</subject><issn>1750-743X</issn><issn>1750-7448</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kEtrHSEYhqUkNJd22W0ZyKKrSdTxMm4CJTQXSAiElHYnzpzPHMOop-oE8u_j4aSHZJGVio-v7_cg9I3gY0qJPHG-tBQT2WJM5Se0TyTHrWSs39nuu7976CDnR4wFk4J9Rnu0l5IQjPfRzZ1J0JRkQrYxeVNcDE2JzSLOwwTN0pVmevarZfSmcaH5Y6YFhFxS9D9y482Y4sMUh3lyAbwzX9CuNVOGr6_rIfp9_uv-7LK9vr24Ovt53Y5M8NISZg30nHZMCNtZBVYwq3hngQpD1dAD64aF5LaChCtcEaXGOu4IRA2MdofodJO7mgcPixFCnWDSq-S8Sc86Gqff3wS31A_xSXOlKBd9DTh6DUjx3wy56Mc4p1A7a9rVXh3mQlSq3VB1zJwT2O0PBOu1fV3t67V9vbZf-e9va23p_7oroDaAncucII8Owgh6c6ov3Fg9fhD-AqHulac</recordid><startdate>20170801</startdate><enddate>20170801</enddate><creator>Okolo, Onyemaechi N</creator><creator>Johnson, Ariel C</creator><creator>Yun, Seongseok</creator><creator>Arnold, Stacy J</creator><creator>Anwer, Faiz</creator><general>Future Medicine Ltd</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>EHMNL</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20170801</creationdate><title>Rare transformation to double hit lymphoma in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia</title><author>Okolo, Onyemaechi N ; Johnson, Ariel C ; Yun, Seongseok ; Arnold, Stacy J ; Anwer, Faiz</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c465t-14fae8523466f3f9ef64f953fe26a29b8e43bd75f14f15903f999c221ce19b423</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Anemia</topic><topic>Bcl-2 protein</topic><topic>Bcl-6 protein</topic><topic>Biomarkers, Tumor - genetics</topic><topic>Blood</topic><topic>Bone marrow</topic><topic>Bone Marrow - physiology</topic><topic>Case Report</topic><topic>Cell cycle</topic><topic>Cell Differentiation</topic><topic>Cell Transformation, Neoplastic</topic><topic>Coronary vessels</topic><topic>Flow cytometry</topic><topic>Genetic transformation</topic><topic>Histology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immunoglobulin M</topic><topic>Immunoglobulin M - blood</topic><topic>Immunoglobulins</topic><topic>Immunophenotyping</topic><topic>Leukemia</topic><topic>Lymphatic system</topic><topic>Lymphocytes</topic><topic>Lymphocytes B</topic><topic>Lymphoma</topic><topic>Lymphoma, B-Cell - genetics</topic><topic>Macroglobulinemia</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical prognosis</topic><topic>Mutation</topic><topic>Mutation - genetics</topic><topic>Myc protein</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>Prognosis</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 - genetics</topic><topic>Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc - genetics</topic><topic>Tumors</topic><topic>Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia - diagnosis</topic><topic>Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia - genetics</topic><topic>Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Okolo, Onyemaechi N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Johnson, Ariel C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yun, Seongseok</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arnold, Stacy J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Anwer, Faiz</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection (ProQuest)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>UK & Ireland Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Immunotherapy</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Okolo, Onyemaechi N</au><au>Johnson, Ariel C</au><au>Yun, Seongseok</au><au>Arnold, Stacy J</au><au>Anwer, Faiz</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Rare transformation to double hit lymphoma in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia</atitle><jtitle>Immunotherapy</jtitle><addtitle>Immunotherapy</addtitle><date>2017-08-01</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>9</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>709</spage><epage>714</epage><pages>709-714</pages><issn>1750-743X</issn><eissn>1750-7448</eissn><abstract>Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is a lymphoproliferative lymphoma that is characterized by monoclonal immunoglobulin M (IgM) protein and bone marrow infiltration. Its incidence is rare and rarer still is its ability to transform to a B-cell lymphoma, particularly the aggressive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, which bodes a poor prognosis. When transformation includes mutations of MYC, BCL-2 and/or BCL-6, it is known as a 'double hit' or 'triple hit' lymphoma respectively. This paper presents a rare case of WM with mutations positive for MYC and BCL2, making it a case of double hit B-cell lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma with plasmatic differentiation without morphological transformation to aggressive histology like DLBCL. The paper also broadens to include discussions on current topics in the classification, diagnosis, possible causes of transformation, and treatment of WM, including transformation to double hit lymphoma. The significance of this case lies in that the presence of double hit lymphoma-like genetic mutations in WM have not been previously described in the literature and potentially such changes are harbinger of extra-nodal presentation, aggressive growth, and possibly poor prognosis, if data from other double-hit lymphoma are extrapolated.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Future Medicine Ltd</pub><pmid>28771100</pmid><doi>10.2217/imt-2017-0027</doi><tpages>6</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Aged Anemia Bcl-2 protein Bcl-6 protein Biomarkers, Tumor - genetics Blood Bone marrow Bone Marrow - physiology Case Report Cell cycle Cell Differentiation Cell Transformation, Neoplastic Coronary vessels Flow cytometry Genetic transformation Histology Humans Immunoglobulin M Immunoglobulin M - blood Immunoglobulins Immunophenotyping Leukemia Lymphatic system Lymphocytes Lymphocytes B Lymphoma Lymphoma, B-Cell - genetics Macroglobulinemia Male Medical prognosis Mutation Mutation - genetics Myc protein Patients Prognosis Proteins Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 - genetics Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc - genetics Tumors Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia - diagnosis Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia - genetics Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia |
| title | Rare transformation to double hit lymphoma in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia |
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