Immunological larval polyphenism in the map butterfly Araschnia levana reveals the photoperiodic modulation of immunity

The bivoltine European map butterfly (Araschnia levana) displays seasonal polyphenism characterized by the formation of two remarkably distinct dorsal wing phenotypes: The spring generation (A. levana levana) is predominantly orange with black spots and develops from diapause pupae, whereas the summ...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Ecology and evolution 2018-05, Vol.8 (10), p.4891-4898
Hauptverfasser:	Baudach, Arne, Lee, Kwang‐Zin, Vogel, Heiko, Vilcinskas, Andreas
Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	Antibacterial activity Antimicrobial activity Antimicrobial agents Antimicrobial peptides Araschnia levana Butterflies & moths Diapause Fecundity Gene expression Hemolymph Immunity Immunology Innate immunity Larvae metamorphosis Modulation Original Research Peptides Phenotypes phenotypic plasticity polyphenism Prepupae Summer
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