Gemcitabine and Nucleos(t)ide Synthesis Inhibitors Are Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Drugs that Activate Innate Immunity
Nucleoside analogs have been frequently identified as antiviral agents. In recent years, gemcitabine, a cytidine analog in clinical use for the treatment of many solid tumors, was also shown to have antiviral activity against a broad range of viruses. Nucleoside analogs generally interfere with cell...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Viruses 2018-04, Vol.10 (4), p.211 |
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| creator | Shin, Hye Jin Kim, Chonsaeng Cho, Sungchan |
| description | Nucleoside analogs have been frequently identified as antiviral agents. In recent years, gemcitabine, a cytidine analog in clinical use for the treatment of many solid tumors, was also shown to have antiviral activity against a broad range of viruses. Nucleoside analogs generally interfere with cellular nucleos(t)ide synthesis pathways, resulting in the depletion or imbalance of (d)NTP pools. Intriguingly, a few recent reports have shown that some nucleoside analogs, including gemcitabine, activated innate immunity, inducing the expression of interferon-stimulated genes, through nucleos(t)ide synthesis inhibition. The precise crosstalk between these two independent processes remains to be determined. Nonetheless, we summarize the current knowledge of nucleos(t)ide synthesis inhibition-related innate immunity and propose it as a newly emerging antiviral mechanism of nucleoside analogs. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/v10040211 |
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In recent years, gemcitabine, a cytidine analog in clinical use for the treatment of many solid tumors, was also shown to have antiviral activity against a broad range of viruses. Nucleoside analogs generally interfere with cellular nucleos(t)ide synthesis pathways, resulting in the depletion or imbalance of (d)NTP pools. Intriguingly, a few recent reports have shown that some nucleoside analogs, including gemcitabine, activated innate immunity, inducing the expression of interferon-stimulated genes, through nucleos(t)ide synthesis inhibition. The precise crosstalk between these two independent processes remains to be determined. Nonetheless, we summarize the current knowledge of nucleos(t)ide synthesis inhibition-related innate immunity and propose it as a newly emerging antiviral mechanism of nucleoside analogs.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1999-4915</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1999-4915</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/v10040211</identifier><identifier>PMID: 29677162</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Antiviral activity ; Antiviral agents ; Antiviral drugs ; Biosynthesis ; Cancer therapies ; Clinical trials ; Coronaviruses ; Drugs ; FDA approval ; Gemcitabine ; Hepatitis C ; Herpes viruses ; HIV ; Human immunodeficiency virus ; Infections ; Innate immunity ; Interferon ; Kinases ; Middle East respiratory syndrome ; Mutation ; Nucleoside analogs ; Polymerization ; Respiratory diseases ; Review ; Solid tumors</subject><ispartof>Viruses, 2018-04, Vol.10 (4), p.211</ispartof><rights>2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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| subjects | Antiviral activity Antiviral agents Antiviral drugs Biosynthesis Cancer therapies Clinical trials Coronaviruses Drugs FDA approval Gemcitabine Hepatitis C Herpes viruses HIV Human immunodeficiency virus Infections Innate immunity Interferon Kinases Middle East respiratory syndrome Mutation Nucleoside analogs Polymerization Respiratory diseases Review Solid tumors |
| title | Gemcitabine and Nucleos(t)ide Synthesis Inhibitors Are Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Drugs that Activate Innate Immunity |
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