Second Blood Meal by Female Lutzomyia longipalpis: Enhancement by Oviposition and Its Effects on Digestion, Longevity, and Leishmania Infection

Lutzomyia longipalpis is the main vector of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in America. Physiological and molecular mechanisms of Leishmania infection in sand flies have been studied during the first gonotrophic cycle. There are few studies about these interactions during the second gonotrophic cycle ma...

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Veröffentlicht in:BioMed research international 2018-01, Vol.2018 (2018), p.1-10
Hauptverfasser: Dillon, R. J., Bates, P. A., Costa, S. G., Aguiar-Martins, K., Moraes, C. S., Genta, Fernando A.
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container_title BioMed research international
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creator Dillon, R. J.
Bates, P. A.
Costa, S. G.
Aguiar-Martins, K.
Moraes, C. S.
Genta, Fernando A.
description Lutzomyia longipalpis is the main vector of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in America. Physiological and molecular mechanisms of Leishmania infection in sand flies have been studied during the first gonotrophic cycle. There are few studies about these interactions during the second gonotrophic cycle mainly because of the difficulties maintaining sand flies through sequential feeds. Here we standardized conditions to perform the second blood feed efficiently, and our results show that oviposition is an essential factor for the success of multiple feeds. We evaluated the impact of the second blood meal on longevity, protein digestion, trypsin activity, and Leishmania mexicana development within L. longipalpis gut. Mortality of blood-fed females increases after second blood meal as compared to sugar-fed females. Trypsin activity was lower during the second gonotrophic cycle. However, no difference in protein intake was observed between blood meals. There was no difference in the population size of Leishmania in the gut after both blood meals. In this work, we presented an optimized protocol for obtaining sufficient numbers of sand fly females fed on a second blood meal, and we described some physiological and parasitological aspects of the second gonotrophic cycle which might influence the vectorial competence of sand flies.
doi_str_mv 10.1155/2018/2472508
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J. ; Bates, P. A. ; Costa, S. G. ; Aguiar-Martins, K. ; Moraes, C. S. ; Genta, Fernando A.</creator><contributor>Benchimol, Marlene ; Marlene Benchimol</contributor><creatorcontrib>Dillon, R. J. ; Bates, P. A. ; Costa, S. G. ; Aguiar-Martins, K. ; Moraes, C. S. ; Genta, Fernando A. ; Benchimol, Marlene ; Marlene Benchimol</creatorcontrib><description>Lutzomyia longipalpis is the main vector of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in America. Physiological and molecular mechanisms of Leishmania infection in sand flies have been studied during the first gonotrophic cycle. There are few studies about these interactions during the second gonotrophic cycle mainly because of the difficulties maintaining sand flies through sequential feeds. Here we standardized conditions to perform the second blood feed efficiently, and our results show that oviposition is an essential factor for the success of multiple feeds. We evaluated the impact of the second blood meal on longevity, protein digestion, trypsin activity, and Leishmania mexicana development within L. longipalpis gut. Mortality of blood-fed females increases after second blood meal as compared to sugar-fed females. Trypsin activity was lower during the second gonotrophic cycle. However, no difference in protein intake was observed between blood meals. There was no difference in the population size of Leishmania in the gut after both blood meals. In this work, we presented an optimized protocol for obtaining sufficient numbers of sand fly females fed on a second blood meal, and we described some physiological and parasitological aspects of the second gonotrophic cycle which might influence the vectorial competence of sand flies.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2314-6133</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2314-6141</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1155/2018/2472508</identifier><identifier>PMID: 29770328</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cairo, Egypt: Hindawi Publishing Corporation</publisher><subject>Biochemistry ; Blood ; Blood meals ; Costs (Law) ; Digestion ; Digestive system ; Diptera ; Eggs ; Enzymes ; Females ; Flies ; Gastrointestinal tract ; Health aspects ; Infection ; Infections ; Insects ; Leishmania ; Leishmania major ; Leishmania mexicana ; Leishmaniasis ; Longevity ; Lutzomyia longipalpis ; Males ; Meals ; Medical research ; Medicine, Experimental ; Molecular biology ; Molecular modelling ; Mortality ; Oviposition ; Parasites ; Parasitic diseases ; Physiological aspects ; Physiology ; Population number ; Sugar ; Tropical diseases ; Trypsin ; Vector-borne diseases ; Visceral leishmaniasis</subject><ispartof>BioMed research international, 2018-01, Vol.2018 (2018), p.1-10</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2018 C. S. Moraes et al.</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2018 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2018 C. S. Moraes et al.; This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2018 C. S. 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J.</au><au>Bates, P. A.</au><au>Costa, S. G.</au><au>Aguiar-Martins, K.</au><au>Moraes, C. S.</au><au>Genta, Fernando A.</au><au>Benchimol, Marlene</au><au>Marlene Benchimol</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Second Blood Meal by Female Lutzomyia longipalpis: Enhancement by Oviposition and Its Effects on Digestion, Longevity, and Leishmania Infection</atitle><jtitle>BioMed research international</jtitle><addtitle>Biomed Res Int</addtitle><date>2018-01-01</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>2018</volume><issue>2018</issue><spage>1</spage><epage>10</epage><pages>1-10</pages><issn>2314-6133</issn><eissn>2314-6141</eissn><abstract>Lutzomyia longipalpis is the main vector of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in America. Physiological and molecular mechanisms of Leishmania infection in sand flies have been studied during the first gonotrophic cycle. 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subjects Biochemistry
Blood
Blood meals
Costs (Law)
Digestion
Digestive system
Diptera
Eggs
Enzymes
Females
Flies
Gastrointestinal tract
Health aspects
Infection
Infections
Insects
Leishmania
Leishmania major
Leishmania mexicana
Leishmaniasis
Longevity
Lutzomyia longipalpis
Males
Meals
Medical research
Medicine, Experimental
Molecular biology
Molecular modelling
Mortality
Oviposition
Parasites
Parasitic diseases
Physiological aspects
Physiology
Population number
Sugar
Tropical diseases
Trypsin
Vector-borne diseases
Visceral leishmaniasis
title Second Blood Meal by Female Lutzomyia longipalpis: Enhancement by Oviposition and Its Effects on Digestion, Longevity, and Leishmania Infection
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