Sex differences in associations between white matter microstructure and gonadal hormones in children and adolescents with prenatal alcohol exposure

Highlights • Prenatal alcohol exposure relates to a different pattern of white matter changes in boys compared to girls. • Associations between white matter measures and gonadal hormones are altered in children and adolescents with prenatal alcohol exposure. • Sex differences are observed in brain-hormone alterations in children and adolescents, and differ in children and adolescents with prenatal alcohol exposure.