An Assessment of Dietary Exposure to Cadmium in Residents of Guangzhou, China
Cadmium and its compounds are human carcinogens with severe organ toxicity, and their contamination of agricultural soil in China has been frequently reported; however, the dietary exposure to cadmium in residents and the relevant health risk have seldom been reported. In this study, the concentrati...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of environmental research and public health 2018-03, Vol.15 (3), p.556 |
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| creator | Zhang, Weiwei Liu, Yungang Liu, Yufei Liang, Boheng Zhou, Hongwei Li, Yingyue Zhang, Yuhua Huang, Jie Yu, Chao Chen, Kuncai |
| description | Cadmium and its compounds are human carcinogens with severe organ toxicity, and their contamination of agricultural soil in China has been frequently reported; however, the dietary exposure to cadmium in residents and the relevant health risk have seldom been reported. In this study, the concentration of cadmium in various types of food collected from 2013 to 2015 were analyzed using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, and the dietary exposure to cadmium assessed based on a dietary survey in 2976 Guangzhou residents. In total, 3074 out of 4039 food samples had cadmium levels above the limit of detection. The mean ± standard deviation (50th, 95th percentile) cadmium content in all samples was 159.0 ± 112.7 (8.6, 392.4) μg/kg, with levels ranging from 1.0 to 7830 μg/kg. Using the mean cadmium concentrations, the average monthly dietary exposure of Guangzhou residents to cadmium was 14.4 (μg/kg body weight (BW), accounting for 57.6% of the provisional tolerable monthly intake (PTMI). Rice, laver, vegetables, and live aquatic products were the main sources of cadmium intake, on average accounting for 89% of the total value. The dietary cadmium exposure in high consumers (95th percentile food consumption) was 41.0 μg/kg·BW/month, accounting for 163% of the PTMI. Additionally, dietary cadmium exposure at mean consumption but high cadmium food concentration (95th percentile) was 32.3 μg/kg·BW/month, corresponding to 129% of the PTMI. The level of dietary exposure to cadmium in most Guangzhou residents was within the safety limit, thus increased health risk from dietary cadmium exposure is low at present. However, continued efforts by local governments to monitor the levels of cadmium in the four main food categories contributing to exposure are necessary. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ijerph15030556 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_5877101</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>2108403970</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-41d7d95a64649c3c089b13003a5f9a30a9f6dd32ef2a0a15146759a0aaf018ce3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpVkMFLwzAUh4Mobk6vHiXg1c2XpUmbizDqnMJEED2HrE3XjLWpSSvqX2_GpmynPMj3fu_jh9AlgRGlAm7NSrumJAwoMMaPUJ9wDsOIAznem3vozPsVAE0iLk5RbywYS6gQffQ8qfHEe-19pesW2wLfG90q942nX431ndO4tThVeWW6Cpsav2pv8oD6DTvrVL38KW13g9PS1OocnRRq7fXF7h2g94fpW_o4nL_MntLJfJhFJGmHEcnjXDDFIx6JjGaQiAWhQU-xQigKShQ8z-lYF2MFijAS8ZiJMKoCSJJpOkB329ymW1Q6z4KPU2vZOFMFdWmVkYc_tSnl0n5KlsQxARICrncBzn502rdyZTtXB2c5JpBEQEUMgRptqcxZ750u_i8QkJv65WH9YeFq3-sf_-ub_gKAaYHA</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2108403970</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>An Assessment of Dietary Exposure to Cadmium in Residents of Guangzhou, China</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><source>PubMed Central Open Access</source><source>MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry</source><creator>Zhang, Weiwei ; Liu, Yungang ; Liu, Yufei ; Liang, Boheng ; Zhou, Hongwei ; Li, Yingyue ; Zhang, Yuhua ; Huang, Jie ; Yu, Chao ; Chen, Kuncai</creator><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Weiwei ; Liu, Yungang ; Liu, Yufei ; Liang, Boheng ; Zhou, Hongwei ; Li, Yingyue ; Zhang, Yuhua ; Huang, Jie ; Yu, Chao ; Chen, Kuncai</creatorcontrib><description>Cadmium and its compounds are human carcinogens with severe organ toxicity, and their contamination of agricultural soil in China has been frequently reported; however, the dietary exposure to cadmium in residents and the relevant health risk have seldom been reported. In this study, the concentration of cadmium in various types of food collected from 2013 to 2015 were analyzed using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, and the dietary exposure to cadmium assessed based on a dietary survey in 2976 Guangzhou residents. In total, 3074 out of 4039 food samples had cadmium levels above the limit of detection. The mean ± standard deviation (50th, 95th percentile) cadmium content in all samples was 159.0 ± 112.7 (8.6, 392.4) μg/kg, with levels ranging from 1.0 to 7830 μg/kg. Using the mean cadmium concentrations, the average monthly dietary exposure of Guangzhou residents to cadmium was 14.4 (μg/kg body weight (BW), accounting for 57.6% of the provisional tolerable monthly intake (PTMI). Rice, laver, vegetables, and live aquatic products were the main sources of cadmium intake, on average accounting for 89% of the total value. The dietary cadmium exposure in high consumers (95th percentile food consumption) was 41.0 μg/kg·BW/month, accounting for 163% of the PTMI. Additionally, dietary cadmium exposure at mean consumption but high cadmium food concentration (95th percentile) was 32.3 μg/kg·BW/month, corresponding to 129% of the PTMI. The level of dietary exposure to cadmium in most Guangzhou residents was within the safety limit, thus increased health risk from dietary cadmium exposure is low at present. However, continued efforts by local governments to monitor the levels of cadmium in the four main food categories contributing to exposure are necessary.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1661-7827</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15030556</identifier><identifier>PMID: 29558399</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Agricultural land ; Agricultural pollution ; Atomic absorption analysis ; Body weight ; Cadmium ; Cadmium - analysis ; Cadmium compounds ; Cancer ; Carcinogens ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Developing countries ; Diet - statistics & numerical data ; Dietary Exposure - analysis ; Disease ; Environmental Monitoring ; Environmental Pollutants - analysis ; Exposure ; Female ; Food ; Food consumption ; Food contamination ; Food contamination & poisoning ; Food Contamination - analysis ; Health risk assessment ; Health risks ; Humans ; Kidneys ; LDCs ; Livestock ; Local government ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oryza ; Poultry ; Rice ; Risk Assessment ; Sediment pollution ; Soil contamination ; Soil pollution ; Spectral analysis ; Spectrometry ; Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Toxicity ; Vegetables ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>International journal of environmental research and public health, 2018-03, Vol.15 (3), p.556</ispartof><rights>2018. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2018 by the authors. 2018</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-41d7d95a64649c3c089b13003a5f9a30a9f6dd32ef2a0a15146759a0aaf018ce3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-41d7d95a64649c3c089b13003a5f9a30a9f6dd32ef2a0a15146759a0aaf018ce3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5877101/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5877101/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,729,782,786,887,27931,27932,53798,53800</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29558399$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Weiwei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Yungang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Yufei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liang, Boheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Hongwei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Yingyue</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Yuhua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Jie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yu, Chao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Kuncai</creatorcontrib><title>An Assessment of Dietary Exposure to Cadmium in Residents of Guangzhou, China</title><title>International journal of environmental research and public health</title><addtitle>Int J Environ Res Public Health</addtitle><description>Cadmium and its compounds are human carcinogens with severe organ toxicity, and their contamination of agricultural soil in China has been frequently reported; however, the dietary exposure to cadmium in residents and the relevant health risk have seldom been reported. In this study, the concentration of cadmium in various types of food collected from 2013 to 2015 were analyzed using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, and the dietary exposure to cadmium assessed based on a dietary survey in 2976 Guangzhou residents. In total, 3074 out of 4039 food samples had cadmium levels above the limit of detection. The mean ± standard deviation (50th, 95th percentile) cadmium content in all samples was 159.0 ± 112.7 (8.6, 392.4) μg/kg, with levels ranging from 1.0 to 7830 μg/kg. Using the mean cadmium concentrations, the average monthly dietary exposure of Guangzhou residents to cadmium was 14.4 (μg/kg body weight (BW), accounting for 57.6% of the provisional tolerable monthly intake (PTMI). Rice, laver, vegetables, and live aquatic products were the main sources of cadmium intake, on average accounting for 89% of the total value. The dietary cadmium exposure in high consumers (95th percentile food consumption) was 41.0 μg/kg·BW/month, accounting for 163% of the PTMI. Additionally, dietary cadmium exposure at mean consumption but high cadmium food concentration (95th percentile) was 32.3 μg/kg·BW/month, corresponding to 129% of the PTMI. The level of dietary exposure to cadmium in most Guangzhou residents was within the safety limit, thus increased health risk from dietary cadmium exposure is low at present. However, continued efforts by local governments to monitor the levels of cadmium in the four main food categories contributing to exposure are necessary.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Agricultural land</subject><subject>Agricultural pollution</subject><subject>Atomic absorption analysis</subject><subject>Body weight</subject><subject>Cadmium</subject><subject>Cadmium - analysis</subject><subject>Cadmium compounds</subject><subject>Cancer</subject><subject>Carcinogens</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>China</subject><subject>Developing countries</subject><subject>Diet - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Dietary Exposure - analysis</subject><subject>Disease</subject><subject>Environmental Monitoring</subject><subject>Environmental Pollutants - analysis</subject><subject>Exposure</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Food</subject><subject>Food consumption</subject><subject>Food contamination</subject><subject>Food contamination & poisoning</subject><subject>Food Contamination - 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analysis</topic><topic>Cadmium compounds</topic><topic>Cancer</topic><topic>Carcinogens</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>China</topic><topic>Developing countries</topic><topic>Diet - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Dietary Exposure - analysis</topic><topic>Disease</topic><topic>Environmental Monitoring</topic><topic>Environmental Pollutants - analysis</topic><topic>Exposure</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Food</topic><topic>Food consumption</topic><topic>Food contamination</topic><topic>Food contamination & poisoning</topic><topic>Food Contamination - analysis</topic><topic>Health risk assessment</topic><topic>Health risks</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Kidneys</topic><topic>LDCs</topic><topic>Livestock</topic><topic>Local government</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Oryza</topic><topic>Poultry</topic><topic>Rice</topic><topic>Risk Assessment</topic><topic>Sediment pollution</topic><topic>Soil contamination</topic><topic>Soil pollution</topic><topic>Spectral analysis</topic><topic>Spectrometry</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Surveys and Questionnaires</topic><topic>Toxicity</topic><topic>Vegetables</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Weiwei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Yungang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Yufei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liang, Boheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhou, Hongwei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Yingyue</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Yuhua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Jie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yu, Chao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Kuncai</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Access via ProQuest (Open Access)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>International journal of environmental research and public health</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Zhang, Weiwei</au><au>Liu, Yungang</au><au>Liu, Yufei</au><au>Liang, Boheng</au><au>Zhou, Hongwei</au><au>Li, Yingyue</au><au>Zhang, Yuhua</au><au>Huang, Jie</au><au>Yu, Chao</au><au>Chen, Kuncai</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>An Assessment of Dietary Exposure to Cadmium in Residents of Guangzhou, China</atitle><jtitle>International journal of environmental research and public health</jtitle><addtitle>Int J Environ Res Public Health</addtitle><date>2018-03-20</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>15</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>556</spage><pages>556-</pages><issn>1660-4601</issn><issn>1661-7827</issn><eissn>1660-4601</eissn><abstract>Cadmium and its compounds are human carcinogens with severe organ toxicity, and their contamination of agricultural soil in China has been frequently reported; however, the dietary exposure to cadmium in residents and the relevant health risk have seldom been reported. In this study, the concentration of cadmium in various types of food collected from 2013 to 2015 were analyzed using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, and the dietary exposure to cadmium assessed based on a dietary survey in 2976 Guangzhou residents. In total, 3074 out of 4039 food samples had cadmium levels above the limit of detection. The mean ± standard deviation (50th, 95th percentile) cadmium content in all samples was 159.0 ± 112.7 (8.6, 392.4) μg/kg, with levels ranging from 1.0 to 7830 μg/kg. Using the mean cadmium concentrations, the average monthly dietary exposure of Guangzhou residents to cadmium was 14.4 (μg/kg body weight (BW), accounting for 57.6% of the provisional tolerable monthly intake (PTMI). Rice, laver, vegetables, and live aquatic products were the main sources of cadmium intake, on average accounting for 89% of the total value. The dietary cadmium exposure in high consumers (95th percentile food consumption) was 41.0 μg/kg·BW/month, accounting for 163% of the PTMI. Additionally, dietary cadmium exposure at mean consumption but high cadmium food concentration (95th percentile) was 32.3 μg/kg·BW/month, corresponding to 129% of the PTMI. The level of dietary exposure to cadmium in most Guangzhou residents was within the safety limit, thus increased health risk from dietary cadmium exposure is low at present. However, continued efforts by local governments to monitor the levels of cadmium in the four main food categories contributing to exposure are necessary.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>29558399</pmid><doi>10.3390/ijerph15030556</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Agricultural land Agricultural pollution Atomic absorption analysis Body weight Cadmium Cadmium - analysis Cadmium compounds Cancer Carcinogens Child Child, Preschool China Developing countries Diet - statistics & numerical data Dietary Exposure - analysis Disease Environmental Monitoring Environmental Pollutants - analysis Exposure Female Food Food consumption Food contamination Food contamination & poisoning Food Contamination - analysis Health risk assessment Health risks Humans Kidneys LDCs Livestock Local government Male Middle Aged Oryza Poultry Rice Risk Assessment Sediment pollution Soil contamination Soil pollution Spectral analysis Spectrometry Studies Surveys and Questionnaires Toxicity Vegetables Young Adult |
| title | An Assessment of Dietary Exposure to Cadmium in Residents of Guangzhou, China |
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