Optimizing Tailored Communications for Health Risk Assessment: A Randomized Factorial Experiment of the Effects of Expectancy Priming, Autonomy Support, and Exemplification
Health risk assessments with tailored feedback plus health education have been shown to be effective for promoting health behavior change. However, there is limited evidence to guide the development and delivery of online automated tailored feedback. The goal of this study was to optimize tailored f...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of medical Internet research 2018-03, Vol.20 (3), p.e63-e63 |
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| creator | Valle, Carmina G Queen, Tara L Martin, Barbara A Ribisl, Kurt M Mayer, Deborah K Tate, Deborah F |
| description | Health risk assessments with tailored feedback plus health education have been shown to be effective for promoting health behavior change. However, there is limited evidence to guide the development and delivery of online automated tailored feedback.
The goal of this study was to optimize tailored feedback messages for an online health risk assessment to promote enhanced user engagement, self-efficacy, and behavioral intentions for engaging in healthy behaviors. We examined the effects of three theory-based message factors used in developing tailored feedback messages on levels of engagement, self-efficacy, and behavioral intentions.
We conducted a randomized factorial experiment to test three different components of tailored feedback messages: tailored expectancy priming, autonomy support, and use of an exemplar. Individuals (N=1945) were recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk and randomly assigned to one of eight different experimental conditions within one of four behavioral assessment and feedback modules (tobacco use, physical activity [PA], eating habits, and weight). Participants reported self-efficacy and behavioral intentions pre- and postcompletion of an online health behavior assessment with tailored feedback. Engagement and message perceptions were assessed at follow-up.
For the tobacco module, there was a significant main effect of the exemplar factor (P=.04); participants who received exemplar messages (mean 3.31, SE 0.060) rated their self-efficacy to quit tobacco higher than those who did not receive exemplar messages (mean 3.14, SE 0.057). There was a three-way interaction between the effect of message conditions on self-efficacy to quit tobacco (P=.02), such that messages with tailored priming and an exemplar had the greatest impact on self-efficacy to quit tobacco. Across PA, eating habits, and weight modules, there was a three-way interaction among conditions on self-efficacy (P=.048). The highest self-efficacy scores were reported among those who were in the standard priming condition and received both autonomy supportive and exemplar messages. In the PA module, autonomy supportive messages had a stronger effect on self-efficacy for PA in the standard priming condition. For PA, eating habits, and weight-related behaviors, the main effect of exemplar messages on behavioral intentions was in the hypothesized direction but did not reach statistical significance (P=.08). When comparing the main effects of different message conditions, there |
| doi_str_mv | 10.2196/jmir.7613 |
| format | Article |
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The goal of this study was to optimize tailored feedback messages for an online health risk assessment to promote enhanced user engagement, self-efficacy, and behavioral intentions for engaging in healthy behaviors. We examined the effects of three theory-based message factors used in developing tailored feedback messages on levels of engagement, self-efficacy, and behavioral intentions.
We conducted a randomized factorial experiment to test three different components of tailored feedback messages: tailored expectancy priming, autonomy support, and use of an exemplar. Individuals (N=1945) were recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk and randomly assigned to one of eight different experimental conditions within one of four behavioral assessment and feedback modules (tobacco use, physical activity [PA], eating habits, and weight). Participants reported self-efficacy and behavioral intentions pre- and postcompletion of an online health behavior assessment with tailored feedback. Engagement and message perceptions were assessed at follow-up.
For the tobacco module, there was a significant main effect of the exemplar factor (P=.04); participants who received exemplar messages (mean 3.31, SE 0.060) rated their self-efficacy to quit tobacco higher than those who did not receive exemplar messages (mean 3.14, SE 0.057). There was a three-way interaction between the effect of message conditions on self-efficacy to quit tobacco (P=.02), such that messages with tailored priming and an exemplar had the greatest impact on self-efficacy to quit tobacco. Across PA, eating habits, and weight modules, there was a three-way interaction among conditions on self-efficacy (P=.048). The highest self-efficacy scores were reported among those who were in the standard priming condition and received both autonomy supportive and exemplar messages. In the PA module, autonomy supportive messages had a stronger effect on self-efficacy for PA in the standard priming condition. For PA, eating habits, and weight-related behaviors, the main effect of exemplar messages on behavioral intentions was in the hypothesized direction but did not reach statistical significance (P=.08). When comparing the main effects of different message conditions, there were no differences in engagement and message perceptions.
Findings suggest that tailored feedback messages that use exemplars helped improve self-efficacy related to tobacco cessation, PA, eating habits, and weight control. Combining standard priming and autonomy supportive message components shows potential for optimizing tailored feedback for tobacco cessation and PA behaviors.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1438-8871</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1439-4456</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1438-8871</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.2196/jmir.7613</identifier><identifier>PMID: 29496652</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Canada: Gunther Eysenbach MD MPH, Associate Professor</publisher><subject>Autonomy ; Behavior change ; Behavior modification ; Eating behavior ; Factorial experiments ; Feedback ; Habits ; Health behavior ; Health education ; Health information ; Health promotion ; Health risk assessment ; Health risks ; Healthy food ; Healthy habits ; Motivation ; Original Paper ; Perceptions ; Physical activity ; Priming ; Risk assessment ; Role models ; Self-efficacy ; Statistical significance ; Tobacco</subject><ispartof>Journal of medical Internet research, 2018-03, Vol.20 (3), p.e63-e63</ispartof><rights>Carmina G Valle, Tara L Queen, Barbara A Martin, Kurt M Ribisl, Deborah K Mayer, Deborah F Tate. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 01.03.2018.</rights><rights>2018. This work is licensed under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>Carmina G Valle, Tara L Queen, Barbara A Martin, Kurt M Ribisl, Deborah K Mayer, Deborah F Tate. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 01.03.2018. 2018</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c403t-811055aacf7a42515f5cdc089877b627f37e78fb918ee7db1ac0168c064c73393</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c403t-811055aacf7a42515f5cdc089877b627f37e78fb918ee7db1ac0168c064c73393</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-3318-8524 ; 0000-0001-7007-4978 ; 0000-0003-1985-2409 ; 0000-0002-3687-4901 ; 0000-0001-9922-2460 ; 0000-0002-4915-5308</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,12846,27924,27925,30999</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29496652$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Valle, Carmina G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Queen, Tara L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martin, Barbara A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ribisl, Kurt M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mayer, Deborah K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tate, Deborah F</creatorcontrib><title>Optimizing Tailored Communications for Health Risk Assessment: A Randomized Factorial Experiment of the Effects of Expectancy Priming, Autonomy Support, and Exemplification</title><title>Journal of medical Internet research</title><addtitle>J Med Internet Res</addtitle><description>Health risk assessments with tailored feedback plus health education have been shown to be effective for promoting health behavior change. However, there is limited evidence to guide the development and delivery of online automated tailored feedback.
The goal of this study was to optimize tailored feedback messages for an online health risk assessment to promote enhanced user engagement, self-efficacy, and behavioral intentions for engaging in healthy behaviors. We examined the effects of three theory-based message factors used in developing tailored feedback messages on levels of engagement, self-efficacy, and behavioral intentions.
We conducted a randomized factorial experiment to test three different components of tailored feedback messages: tailored expectancy priming, autonomy support, and use of an exemplar. Individuals (N=1945) were recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk and randomly assigned to one of eight different experimental conditions within one of four behavioral assessment and feedback modules (tobacco use, physical activity [PA], eating habits, and weight). Participants reported self-efficacy and behavioral intentions pre- and postcompletion of an online health behavior assessment with tailored feedback. Engagement and message perceptions were assessed at follow-up.
For the tobacco module, there was a significant main effect of the exemplar factor (P=.04); participants who received exemplar messages (mean 3.31, SE 0.060) rated their self-efficacy to quit tobacco higher than those who did not receive exemplar messages (mean 3.14, SE 0.057). There was a three-way interaction between the effect of message conditions on self-efficacy to quit tobacco (P=.02), such that messages with tailored priming and an exemplar had the greatest impact on self-efficacy to quit tobacco. Across PA, eating habits, and weight modules, there was a three-way interaction among conditions on self-efficacy (P=.048). The highest self-efficacy scores were reported among those who were in the standard priming condition and received both autonomy supportive and exemplar messages. In the PA module, autonomy supportive messages had a stronger effect on self-efficacy for PA in the standard priming condition. For PA, eating habits, and weight-related behaviors, the main effect of exemplar messages on behavioral intentions was in the hypothesized direction but did not reach statistical significance (P=.08). When comparing the main effects of different message conditions, there were no differences in engagement and message perceptions.
Findings suggest that tailored feedback messages that use exemplars helped improve self-efficacy related to tobacco cessation, PA, eating habits, and weight control. Combining standard priming and autonomy supportive message components shows potential for optimizing tailored feedback for tobacco cessation and PA behaviors.</description><subject>Autonomy</subject><subject>Behavior change</subject><subject>Behavior modification</subject><subject>Eating behavior</subject><subject>Factorial experiments</subject><subject>Feedback</subject><subject>Habits</subject><subject>Health behavior</subject><subject>Health education</subject><subject>Health information</subject><subject>Health promotion</subject><subject>Health risk assessment</subject><subject>Health risks</subject><subject>Healthy food</subject><subject>Healthy habits</subject><subject>Motivation</subject><subject>Original Paper</subject><subject>Perceptions</subject><subject>Physical activity</subject><subject>Priming</subject><subject>Risk assessment</subject><subject>Role models</subject><subject>Self-efficacy</subject><subject>Statistical significance</subject><subject>Tobacco</subject><issn>1438-8871</issn><issn>1439-4456</issn><issn>1438-8871</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkt9uFCEUxonR2Fq98AUMiTeadCsMw5_xwmSz2VqTJjW1XhOWgS7rACMwxvWZfEiZdG2qVxxyfufjO-ED4CVGZw3u2Ludd-mMM0wegWPcErEQguPHD-oj8CznHUINajv8FBw1XdsxRptj8PtqLM67Xy7cwhvlhphMD1fR-yk4rYqLIUMbE7wwaihbeO3yN7jM2eTsTSjv4RJeq9DHqlDnzpUuMTk1wPXP0SQ3IzBaWLYGrq01uuT5Ojd1UUHv4ecK1adP4XIqMUS_h1-mcYypnMIqW0njx8HZg5Xn4IlVQzYvDucJ-Hq-vlldLC6vPn5aLS8XukWkLATGiFKltOWqbSimlupeI9EJzjes4ZZww4XddFgYw_sNVhphJjRireaEdOQEfLjTHaeNN72uayQ1yLGaVWkvo3Ly305wW3kbf0gqKOsIqQJvDgIpfp9MLtK7rM0wqGDilGWDMCKMU9FW9PV_6C5OKdT1ZLXecMEE4pV6e0fpFHNOxt6bwUjOGZBzBuScgcq-euj-nvz76eQPHh2xFQ</recordid><startdate>20180301</startdate><enddate>20180301</enddate><creator>Valle, Carmina G</creator><creator>Queen, Tara L</creator><creator>Martin, Barbara A</creator><creator>Ribisl, Kurt M</creator><creator>Mayer, Deborah K</creator><creator>Tate, Deborah F</creator><general>Gunther Eysenbach MD MPH, Associate Professor</general><general>JMIR Publications</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ALSLI</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>CNYFK</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>E3H</scope><scope>F2A</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1O</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3318-8524</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7007-4978</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1985-2409</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3687-4901</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9922-2460</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4915-5308</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20180301</creationdate><title>Optimizing Tailored Communications for Health Risk Assessment: A Randomized Factorial Experiment of the Effects of Expectancy Priming, Autonomy Support, and Exemplification</title><author>Valle, Carmina G ; Queen, Tara L ; Martin, Barbara A ; Ribisl, Kurt M ; Mayer, Deborah K ; Tate, Deborah F</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c403t-811055aacf7a42515f5cdc089877b627f37e78fb918ee7db1ac0168c064c73393</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Autonomy</topic><topic>Behavior change</topic><topic>Behavior modification</topic><topic>Eating behavior</topic><topic>Factorial experiments</topic><topic>Feedback</topic><topic>Habits</topic><topic>Health behavior</topic><topic>Health education</topic><topic>Health information</topic><topic>Health promotion</topic><topic>Health risk assessment</topic><topic>Health risks</topic><topic>Healthy food</topic><topic>Healthy habits</topic><topic>Motivation</topic><topic>Original Paper</topic><topic>Perceptions</topic><topic>Physical activity</topic><topic>Priming</topic><topic>Risk assessment</topic><topic>Role models</topic><topic>Self-efficacy</topic><topic>Statistical significance</topic><topic>Tobacco</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Valle, Carmina G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Queen, Tara L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martin, Barbara A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ribisl, Kurt M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mayer, Deborah K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tate, Deborah F</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Social Science Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Library & Information Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Library & Information Sciences Abstracts (LISA)</collection><collection>Library & Information Science Abstracts (LISA)</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Library Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Journal of medical Internet research</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Valle, Carmina G</au><au>Queen, Tara L</au><au>Martin, Barbara A</au><au>Ribisl, Kurt M</au><au>Mayer, Deborah K</au><au>Tate, Deborah F</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Optimizing Tailored Communications for Health Risk Assessment: A Randomized Factorial Experiment of the Effects of Expectancy Priming, Autonomy Support, and Exemplification</atitle><jtitle>Journal of medical Internet research</jtitle><addtitle>J Med Internet Res</addtitle><date>2018-03-01</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>20</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>e63</spage><epage>e63</epage><pages>e63-e63</pages><issn>1438-8871</issn><issn>1439-4456</issn><eissn>1438-8871</eissn><abstract>Health risk assessments with tailored feedback plus health education have been shown to be effective for promoting health behavior change. However, there is limited evidence to guide the development and delivery of online automated tailored feedback.
The goal of this study was to optimize tailored feedback messages for an online health risk assessment to promote enhanced user engagement, self-efficacy, and behavioral intentions for engaging in healthy behaviors. We examined the effects of three theory-based message factors used in developing tailored feedback messages on levels of engagement, self-efficacy, and behavioral intentions.
We conducted a randomized factorial experiment to test three different components of tailored feedback messages: tailored expectancy priming, autonomy support, and use of an exemplar. Individuals (N=1945) were recruited via Amazon Mechanical Turk and randomly assigned to one of eight different experimental conditions within one of four behavioral assessment and feedback modules (tobacco use, physical activity [PA], eating habits, and weight). Participants reported self-efficacy and behavioral intentions pre- and postcompletion of an online health behavior assessment with tailored feedback. Engagement and message perceptions were assessed at follow-up.
For the tobacco module, there was a significant main effect of the exemplar factor (P=.04); participants who received exemplar messages (mean 3.31, SE 0.060) rated their self-efficacy to quit tobacco higher than those who did not receive exemplar messages (mean 3.14, SE 0.057). There was a three-way interaction between the effect of message conditions on self-efficacy to quit tobacco (P=.02), such that messages with tailored priming and an exemplar had the greatest impact on self-efficacy to quit tobacco. Across PA, eating habits, and weight modules, there was a three-way interaction among conditions on self-efficacy (P=.048). The highest self-efficacy scores were reported among those who were in the standard priming condition and received both autonomy supportive and exemplar messages. In the PA module, autonomy supportive messages had a stronger effect on self-efficacy for PA in the standard priming condition. For PA, eating habits, and weight-related behaviors, the main effect of exemplar messages on behavioral intentions was in the hypothesized direction but did not reach statistical significance (P=.08). When comparing the main effects of different message conditions, there were no differences in engagement and message perceptions.
Findings suggest that tailored feedback messages that use exemplars helped improve self-efficacy related to tobacco cessation, PA, eating habits, and weight control. Combining standard priming and autonomy supportive message components shows potential for optimizing tailored feedback for tobacco cessation and PA behaviors.</abstract><cop>Canada</cop><pub>Gunther Eysenbach MD MPH, Associate Professor</pub><pmid>29496652</pmid><doi>10.2196/jmir.7613</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3318-8524</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7007-4978</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1985-2409</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3687-4901</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9922-2460</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4915-5308</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Autonomy Behavior change Behavior modification Eating behavior Factorial experiments Feedback Habits Health behavior Health education Health information Health promotion Health risk assessment Health risks Healthy food Healthy habits Motivation Original Paper Perceptions Physical activity Priming Risk assessment Role models Self-efficacy Statistical significance Tobacco |
| title | Optimizing Tailored Communications for Health Risk Assessment: A Randomized Factorial Experiment of the Effects of Expectancy Priming, Autonomy Support, and Exemplification |
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