Depression, evening salivary cortisol and inflammation in chronic fatigue syndrome: A psychoneuroendocrinological structural regression model

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) is a poorly understood illness that is characterized by diverse somatic symptoms, hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction and heightened inflammatory indicators. These symptoms are often exacerbated and accompanied by psychological distress states and dep...

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Veröffentlicht in:International journal of psychophysiology 2018-09, Vol.131, p.124-130
Hauptverfasser: Milrad, Sara F., Hall, Daniel L., Jutagir, Devika R., Lattie, Emily G., Czaja, Sara J., Perdomo, Dolores M., Fletcher, Mary Ann, Klimas, Nancy, Antoni, Michael H.
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container_title International journal of psychophysiology
container_volume 131
creator Milrad, Sara F.
Hall, Daniel L.
Jutagir, Devika R.
Lattie, Emily G.
Czaja, Sara J.
Perdomo, Dolores M.
Fletcher, Mary Ann
Klimas, Nancy
Antoni, Michael H.
description Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) is a poorly understood illness that is characterized by diverse somatic symptoms, hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis dysfunction and heightened inflammatory indicators. These symptoms are often exacerbated and accompanied by psychological distress states and depression. Since depression is known to be associated with HPA axis dysfunction and greater inflammation, a psychoneuroendocrinological (PNE) model of inflammation was examined in persons diagnosed with CFS in order to uncover underlying biopsychosocial mechanisms in this poorly understood chronic illness. Baseline data were drawn from two randomized controlled trials testing the efficacy of different forms of psychosocial intervention, and included psychological questionnaires, di-urnal salivary cortisol, and blood samples. Data were analyzed with structural equation modeling (SEM). The sample (N=265) was mostly middle-aged (Mage=49.36±10.9, range=20–73years), Caucasian (67.7%), female (81.7%), highly educated (85.5% completed some college, college, or graduate program), and depressed (CES-D M=23.87±12.02, range 2–57). The SEM supporting a psychoneuroendocrinological model of immune dysregulation in CFS fit the data χ2 (12)=17.725, p=0.1243, RMSEA=0.043, CFI=0.935, SRMR=0.036. Depression was directly related to evening salivary cortisol and inflammation, such that higher evening cortisol predicted greater depressive symptoms (β=0.215, p
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2017.09.009
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These symptoms are often exacerbated and accompanied by psychological distress states and depression. Since depression is known to be associated with HPA axis dysfunction and greater inflammation, a psychoneuroendocrinological (PNE) model of inflammation was examined in persons diagnosed with CFS in order to uncover underlying biopsychosocial mechanisms in this poorly understood chronic illness. Baseline data were drawn from two randomized controlled trials testing the efficacy of different forms of psychosocial intervention, and included psychological questionnaires, di-urnal salivary cortisol, and blood samples. Data were analyzed with structural equation modeling (SEM). The sample (N=265) was mostly middle-aged (Mage=49.36±10.9, range=20–73years), Caucasian (67.7%), female (81.7%), highly educated (85.5% completed some college, college, or graduate program), and depressed (CES-D M=23.87±12.02, range 2–57). The SEM supporting a psychoneuroendocrinological model of immune dysregulation in CFS fit the data χ2 (12)=17.725, p=0.1243, RMSEA=0.043, CFI=0.935, SRMR=0.036. Depression was directly related to evening salivary cortisol and inflammation, such that higher evening cortisol predicted greater depressive symptoms (β=0.215, p&lt;0.01) and higher pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-2 [IL-2], IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α] levels (β=0.185, p&lt;0.05), when controlling for covariates. Results highlight the role of depression, cortisol and inflammation in possible biological mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of CFS. 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Time-lagged, longitudinal analyses are needed to fully explore these relationships. •A structural regression model of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is presented.•The psychoneuroendocrinological model of immune dysregulation in CFS fit the data.•Results highlight the role of depression, cortisol and inflammation in CFS.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)</subject><subject>Depression</subject><subject>Depression - etiology</subject><subject>Evening cortisol</subject><subject>Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic - complications</subject><subject>Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic - metabolism</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hydrocortisone - metabolism</subject><subject>Inflammation</subject><subject>Inflammation - etiology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Photoperiod</subject><subject>Regression Analysis</subject><subject>Saliva - metabolism</subject><subject>Structural equation modeling</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>0167-8760</issn><issn>1872-7697</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkctu1DAUhi0EotPCK1ResiDBTjKxzQJRlXKRKrGBteU5Psl45NiDnYw0D8E742qmFaxY2T7-zn8uPyHXnNWc8f7drna7fT7CNtYN46JmqmZMPSMrLkVTiV6J52RVQFFJ0bMLcpnzjjEmuFIvyUUjFZeciRX5_Qn3CXN2MbyleMDgwkiz8e5g0pFCTLPL0VMTLHVh8GaazFzY8qCwTTE4oEOJjAvSfAw2xQnf0xt6ai3gkiIGGyG5EH0cHRhP85wWmJdUrgnHc3E6RYv-FXkxGJ_x9fm8Ij8_3_24_Vrdf__y7fbmvoJ1K-aqU2LYAMAwGGk3poMe-7ZMZ_sSbFgnpdowpTqLQ2H4YDlbM9MY6FoFvTLtFflw0t0vmwktYJhLO3qf3FTG1tE4_e9PcFs9xoNey3VZXFsE3pwFUvy1YJ715DKg9yZgXLLmqmNcSdmqgvYnFFLMOeHwVIYz_eCl3ulHL_WDl5opXbwsidd_N_mU9mheAT6eACyrOjhMOoPDAGhdQpi1je5_Nf4APTe7rA</recordid><startdate>20180901</startdate><enddate>20180901</enddate><creator>Milrad, Sara F.</creator><creator>Hall, Daniel L.</creator><creator>Jutagir, Devika R.</creator><creator>Lattie, Emily G.</creator><creator>Czaja, Sara J.</creator><creator>Perdomo, Dolores M.</creator><creator>Fletcher, Mary Ann</creator><creator>Klimas, Nancy</creator><creator>Antoni, Michael H.</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20180901</creationdate><title>Depression, evening salivary cortisol and inflammation in chronic fatigue syndrome: A psychoneuroendocrinological structural regression model</title><author>Milrad, Sara F. ; 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subjects Adult
Aged
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)
Depression
Depression - etiology
Evening cortisol
Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic - complications
Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic - metabolism
Female
Humans
Hydrocortisone - metabolism
Inflammation
Inflammation - etiology
Male
Middle Aged
Photoperiod
Regression Analysis
Saliva - metabolism
Structural equation modeling
Young Adult
title Depression, evening salivary cortisol and inflammation in chronic fatigue syndrome: A psychoneuroendocrinological structural regression model
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