Influence of the Nitrogen Content on the Carbide Transformation of AISI M42 High-Speed Steels during Annealing
Attempts were made to elucidate the effect of nitrogen on primary eutectic carbides in as-cast and annealed AISI M42 high-speed steel. Particular emphasis was placed on the transformation of carbides during forging and annealing in steels with different nitrogen concentrations and the influence of f...
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| description | Attempts were made to elucidate the effect of nitrogen on primary eutectic carbides in as-cast and annealed AISI M42 high-speed steel. Particular emphasis was placed on the transformation of carbides during forging and annealing in steels with different nitrogen concentrations and the influence of final carbides on the impact toughness of the steel. Microstructural observation, electrolytic extraction method, X-ray diffraction analysis, automated inclusion analysis (INCASteel), and impact toughness measurement combined with fractographic observation were conducted on the specimens. Primary M
2
C carbides were found to be dominant precipitates in the as-cast ingot, with a certain amount of V(C,N). Nitrogen addition promoted the formation of fibrous M
2
C, whereas lamellar M
2
C predominated in M42 steel with a low nitrogen concentration (w[N]
%
= 0.006). Fibrous carbides M
2
C tend to decompose into more stable carbides M
6
C and MC during forging and annealing compared to lamellar M
2
C. Nitrogen alloying only affected the morphologies and dimensions of carbides, but did not change the types of carbides. These improvements in the dimensions and fractions of carbides naturally increased the impact toughness of annealed steel. Hence, it was suggested that the addition of nitrogen to AISI M42 high-speed steel was required to achieve homogeneous distribution of carbides and sufficient impact toughness. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/s41598-018-22461-z |
| format | Article |
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2
C carbides were found to be dominant precipitates in the as-cast ingot, with a certain amount of V(C,N). Nitrogen addition promoted the formation of fibrous M
2
C, whereas lamellar M
2
C predominated in M42 steel with a low nitrogen concentration (w[N]
%
= 0.006). Fibrous carbides M
2
C tend to decompose into more stable carbides M
6
C and MC during forging and annealing compared to lamellar M
2
C. Nitrogen alloying only affected the morphologies and dimensions of carbides, but did not change the types of carbides. These improvements in the dimensions and fractions of carbides naturally increased the impact toughness of annealed steel. Hence, it was suggested that the addition of nitrogen to AISI M42 high-speed steel was required to achieve homogeneous distribution of carbides and sufficient impact toughness.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2045-2322</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2045-2322</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22461-z</identifier><identifier>PMID: 29531342</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>639/301/1023/1026 ; 639/301/1023/303 ; Annealing ; Carbides ; Genetic transformation ; Humanities and Social Sciences ; Microstructure ; multidisciplinary ; Nitrogen ; Science ; Science (multidisciplinary) ; Steel ; X-ray diffraction</subject><ispartof>Scientific reports, 2018-03, Vol.8 (1), p.4328-9, Article 4328</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2018</rights><rights>2018. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c540t-37d3b732834934450d4d676d9dc17a4532e90c4b6dd149f3d8e8679bea1a66523</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c540t-37d3b732834934450d4d676d9dc17a4532e90c4b6dd149f3d8e8679bea1a66523</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-6493-8853</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5847578/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5847578/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,27901,27902,41096,42165,51551,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29531342$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Luo, Yi-Wa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guo, Han-Jie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sun, Xiao-Lin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guo, Jing</creatorcontrib><title>Influence of the Nitrogen Content on the Carbide Transformation of AISI M42 High-Speed Steels during Annealing</title><title>Scientific reports</title><addtitle>Sci Rep</addtitle><addtitle>Sci Rep</addtitle><description>Attempts were made to elucidate the effect of nitrogen on primary eutectic carbides in as-cast and annealed AISI M42 high-speed steel. Particular emphasis was placed on the transformation of carbides during forging and annealing in steels with different nitrogen concentrations and the influence of final carbides on the impact toughness of the steel. Microstructural observation, electrolytic extraction method, X-ray diffraction analysis, automated inclusion analysis (INCASteel), and impact toughness measurement combined with fractographic observation were conducted on the specimens. Primary M
2
C carbides were found to be dominant precipitates in the as-cast ingot, with a certain amount of V(C,N). Nitrogen addition promoted the formation of fibrous M
2
C, whereas lamellar M
2
C predominated in M42 steel with a low nitrogen concentration (w[N]
%
= 0.006). Fibrous carbides M
2
C tend to decompose into more stable carbides M
6
C and MC during forging and annealing compared to lamellar M
2
C. Nitrogen alloying only affected the morphologies and dimensions of carbides, but did not change the types of carbides. These improvements in the dimensions and fractions of carbides naturally increased the impact toughness of annealed steel. Hence, it was suggested that the addition of nitrogen to AISI M42 high-speed steel was required to achieve homogeneous distribution of carbides and sufficient impact toughness.</description><subject>639/301/1023/1026</subject><subject>639/301/1023/303</subject><subject>Annealing</subject><subject>Carbides</subject><subject>Genetic transformation</subject><subject>Humanities and Social Sciences</subject><subject>Microstructure</subject><subject>multidisciplinary</subject><subject>Nitrogen</subject><subject>Science</subject><subject>Science (multidisciplinary)</subject><subject>Steel</subject><subject>X-ray diffraction</subject><issn>2045-2322</issn><issn>2045-2322</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>C6C</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kUtvGyEUhVHVKonS_IEuKqRuupmE5wxsKllW01hKmoXTNWKGOzbRGFyYqZT8-hI7r3YRNlxxv3vgcBD6RMkpJVydZUGlVhWhqmJM1LS6f4eOGBGyYpyx96_qQ3SS8y0pSzItqD5Ah0xLTrlgRygsQj9MEDrAscfjGvBPP6a4goDnMYwQRhzD7nxuU-sd4JtkQ-5j2tjRl1aZmi2WC3wlGL7wq3W13AI4vBwBhozdlHxY4VkIYIdSfUQfejtkOHncj9Gv8-8384vq8vrHYj67rDopyFjxxvG24UxxobkQkjjh6qZ22nW0sUJyBpp0oq2do0L33ClQdaNbsNTWtWT8GH3b626ndgOuKz6SHcw2-Y1NdyZab_7tBL82q_jHSCUa2agi8PVRIMXfE-TRbHzuYBhsgDhlwwjlkkohaEG__IfeximFYm9HUd4oVheK7akuxZwT9M-PocQ8JGr2iZqSqNklau7L0OfXNp5HnvIrAN8Defvw0ZBe7n5D9i_0WKt8</recordid><startdate>20180312</startdate><enddate>20180312</enddate><creator>Luo, Yi-Wa</creator><creator>Guo, Han-Jie</creator><creator>Sun, Xiao-Lin</creator><creator>Guo, Jing</creator><general>Nature Publishing Group UK</general><general>Nature Publishing Group</general><scope>C6C</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6493-8853</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20180312</creationdate><title>Influence of the Nitrogen Content on the Carbide Transformation of AISI M42 High-Speed Steels during Annealing</title><author>Luo, Yi-Wa ; Guo, Han-Jie ; Sun, Xiao-Lin ; Guo, Jing</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c540t-37d3b732834934450d4d676d9dc17a4532e90c4b6dd149f3d8e8679bea1a66523</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>639/301/1023/1026</topic><topic>639/301/1023/303</topic><topic>Annealing</topic><topic>Carbides</topic><topic>Genetic transformation</topic><topic>Humanities and Social Sciences</topic><topic>Microstructure</topic><topic>multidisciplinary</topic><topic>Nitrogen</topic><topic>Science</topic><topic>Science (multidisciplinary)</topic><topic>Steel</topic><topic>X-ray diffraction</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Luo, Yi-Wa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guo, Han-Jie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sun, Xiao-Lin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guo, Jing</creatorcontrib><collection>Springer Nature OA Free Journals</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Biology Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Scientific reports</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Luo, Yi-Wa</au><au>Guo, Han-Jie</au><au>Sun, Xiao-Lin</au><au>Guo, Jing</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Influence of the Nitrogen Content on the Carbide Transformation of AISI M42 High-Speed Steels during Annealing</atitle><jtitle>Scientific reports</jtitle><stitle>Sci Rep</stitle><addtitle>Sci Rep</addtitle><date>2018-03-12</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>8</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>4328</spage><epage>9</epage><pages>4328-9</pages><artnum>4328</artnum><issn>2045-2322</issn><eissn>2045-2322</eissn><abstract>Attempts were made to elucidate the effect of nitrogen on primary eutectic carbides in as-cast and annealed AISI M42 high-speed steel. Particular emphasis was placed on the transformation of carbides during forging and annealing in steels with different nitrogen concentrations and the influence of final carbides on the impact toughness of the steel. Microstructural observation, electrolytic extraction method, X-ray diffraction analysis, automated inclusion analysis (INCASteel), and impact toughness measurement combined with fractographic observation were conducted on the specimens. Primary M
2
C carbides were found to be dominant precipitates in the as-cast ingot, with a certain amount of V(C,N). Nitrogen addition promoted the formation of fibrous M
2
C, whereas lamellar M
2
C predominated in M42 steel with a low nitrogen concentration (w[N]
%
= 0.006). Fibrous carbides M
2
C tend to decompose into more stable carbides M
6
C and MC during forging and annealing compared to lamellar M
2
C. Nitrogen alloying only affected the morphologies and dimensions of carbides, but did not change the types of carbides. These improvements in the dimensions and fractions of carbides naturally increased the impact toughness of annealed steel. Hence, it was suggested that the addition of nitrogen to AISI M42 high-speed steel was required to achieve homogeneous distribution of carbides and sufficient impact toughness.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>29531342</pmid><doi>10.1038/s41598-018-22461-z</doi><tpages>9</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6493-8853</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | 639/301/1023/1026 639/301/1023/303 Annealing Carbides Genetic transformation Humanities and Social Sciences Microstructure multidisciplinary Nitrogen Science Science (multidisciplinary) Steel X-ray diffraction |
| title | Influence of the Nitrogen Content on the Carbide Transformation of AISI M42 High-Speed Steels during Annealing |
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