Abiotic synthesis of purine and pyrimidine ribonucleosides in aqueous microdroplets
Aqueous microdroplets (
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 2018-01, Vol.115 (1), p.36-40 |
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| container_title | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS |
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| creator | Nam, Inho Nam, Hong Gil Zare, Richard N. |
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| doi_str_mv | 10.1073/pnas.1718559115 |
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Mass spectra show the formation of ribonucleosides that comprise a four-letter alphabet of RNA with a yield of 2.5% of uridine (U), 2.5% of adenosine (A), 0.7% of cytidine (C), and 1.7% of inosine (I) during the flight time of ∼50 μs. In the case of uridine, no catalyst is required. An aqueous solution containing guanine cannot be generated under the same conditions given the extreme insolubility of guanine in water. However, inosine can base pair with cytidine and thus substitute for guanosine. Thus, a full set of ribonucleosides to generate the purine–pyrimidine base pairs A-U and I-C are spontaneously generated in aqueous microdroplets under similar mild conditions.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0027-8424</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1091-6490</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1718559115</identifier><identifier>PMID: 29255025</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: National Academy of Sciences</publisher><subject>Adenine ; Adenosine ; Aqueous solutions ; Base pairs ; Biological Sciences ; Catalysis ; Catalysts ; Cytosine ; D-Ribose ; Flight time ; Guanine ; Guanosine ; Hypoxanthine ; Magnesium ; Mass spectra ; Mass spectrometry ; Phosphoric acid ; Physical Sciences ; Pressure ; Ribonucleic acid ; Ribose ; RNA ; Uracil ; Uridine</subject><ispartof>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 2018-01, Vol.115 (1), p.36-40</ispartof><rights>Volumes 1–89 and 106–114, copyright as a collective work only; author(s) retains copyright to individual articles</rights><rights>Copyright © 2017 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.</rights><rights>Copyright National Academy of Sciences Jan 2, 2018</rights><rights>Copyright © 2017 the Author(s). Published by PNAS. 2017</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c509t-ac0ddb83facafec46d5d674858bd6ca6b7bf9dcf5a5df3f3fe6c27cd33083c703</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c509t-ac0ddb83facafec46d5d674858bd6ca6b7bf9dcf5a5df3f3fe6c27cd33083c703</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/26506255$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/26506255$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,799,881,27901,27902,53766,53768,57992,58225</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29255025$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Nam, Inho</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nam, Hong Gil</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zare, Richard N.</creatorcontrib><title>Abiotic synthesis of purine and pyrimidine ribonucleosides in aqueous microdroplets</title><title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS</title><addtitle>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</addtitle><description>Aqueous microdroplets (<1.3 μm in diameter on average) containing 15 mM D-ribose, 15 mM phosphoric acid, and 5 mM of a nucleobase (uracil, adenine, cytosine, or hypoxanthine) are electrosprayed from a capillary at +5 kV into a mass spectrometer at room temperature and 1 atm pressure with 3 mM divalent magnesium ion (Mg2+) as a catalyst. Mass spectra show the formation of ribonucleosides that comprise a four-letter alphabet of RNA with a yield of 2.5% of uridine (U), 2.5% of adenosine (A), 0.7% of cytidine (C), and 1.7% of inosine (I) during the flight time of ∼50 μs. In the case of uridine, no catalyst is required. An aqueous solution containing guanine cannot be generated under the same conditions given the extreme insolubility of guanine in water. However, inosine can base pair with cytidine and thus substitute for guanosine. Thus, a full set of ribonucleosides to generate the purine–pyrimidine base pairs A-U and I-C are spontaneously generated in aqueous microdroplets under similar mild conditions.</description><subject>Adenine</subject><subject>Adenosine</subject><subject>Aqueous solutions</subject><subject>Base pairs</subject><subject>Biological Sciences</subject><subject>Catalysis</subject><subject>Catalysts</subject><subject>Cytosine</subject><subject>D-Ribose</subject><subject>Flight time</subject><subject>Guanine</subject><subject>Guanosine</subject><subject>Hypoxanthine</subject><subject>Magnesium</subject><subject>Mass spectra</subject><subject>Mass spectrometry</subject><subject>Phosphoric acid</subject><subject>Physical Sciences</subject><subject>Pressure</subject><subject>Ribonucleic acid</subject><subject>Ribose</subject><subject>RNA</subject><subject>Uracil</subject><subject>Uridine</subject><issn>0027-8424</issn><issn>1091-6490</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2018</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNpdkc1r3DAQxUVpabZpzz21GHrpxcnI8ujjUgihXxDIIe1ZyJLcaPFKrmQX9r-vlk2TJugwiPnNY948Qt5SOKMg2PkcTTmjgkpERSk-IxsKira8V_CcbAA60cq-60_Iq1K2AKBQwkty0qkOETrckJuLIaQl2Kbs43LrSyhNGpt5zSH6xkTXzPscdsEdvjkMKa528qkE50sTYmN-rz6tpdkFm5PLaZ78Ul6TF6OZin9zV0_Jzy-ff1x-a6-uv36_vLhqLYJaWmPBuUGy0Vgzettzh46LXqIcHLeGD2IYlbMjGnQjq89z2wnrGAPJrAB2Sj4dded12HlnfVyymfRcFzZ5r5MJ-nEnhlv9K_3RKASXjFWBj3cCOVUjZdG7UKyfJhMPrjRVQoquB8SKfniCbtOaY7VXKUVR1ov3lTo_UvUapWQ_3i9DQR8C04fA9ENgdeL9_x7u-X8JVeDdEdiWJeWHPkfgFWF_AXNGn0E</recordid><startdate>20180102</startdate><enddate>20180102</enddate><creator>Nam, Inho</creator><creator>Nam, Hong Gil</creator><creator>Zare, Richard N.</creator><general>National Academy of Sciences</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20180102</creationdate><title>Abiotic synthesis of purine and pyrimidine ribonucleosides in aqueous microdroplets</title><author>Nam, Inho ; Nam, Hong Gil ; Zare, Richard N.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c509t-ac0ddb83facafec46d5d674858bd6ca6b7bf9dcf5a5df3f3fe6c27cd33083c703</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2018</creationdate><topic>Adenine</topic><topic>Adenosine</topic><topic>Aqueous solutions</topic><topic>Base pairs</topic><topic>Biological Sciences</topic><topic>Catalysis</topic><topic>Catalysts</topic><topic>Cytosine</topic><topic>D-Ribose</topic><topic>Flight time</topic><topic>Guanine</topic><topic>Guanosine</topic><topic>Hypoxanthine</topic><topic>Magnesium</topic><topic>Mass spectra</topic><topic>Mass spectrometry</topic><topic>Phosphoric acid</topic><topic>Physical Sciences</topic><topic>Pressure</topic><topic>Ribonucleic acid</topic><topic>Ribose</topic><topic>RNA</topic><topic>Uracil</topic><topic>Uridine</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Nam, Inho</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nam, Hong Gil</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zare, Richard N.</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Chemoreception Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Nam, Inho</au><au>Nam, Hong Gil</au><au>Zare, Richard N.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Abiotic synthesis of purine and pyrimidine ribonucleosides in aqueous microdroplets</atitle><jtitle>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS</jtitle><addtitle>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</addtitle><date>2018-01-02</date><risdate>2018</risdate><volume>115</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>36</spage><epage>40</epage><pages>36-40</pages><issn>0027-8424</issn><eissn>1091-6490</eissn><abstract>Aqueous microdroplets (<1.3 μm in diameter on average) containing 15 mM D-ribose, 15 mM phosphoric acid, and 5 mM of a nucleobase (uracil, adenine, cytosine, or hypoxanthine) are electrosprayed from a capillary at +5 kV into a mass spectrometer at room temperature and 1 atm pressure with 3 mM divalent magnesium ion (Mg2+) as a catalyst. Mass spectra show the formation of ribonucleosides that comprise a four-letter alphabet of RNA with a yield of 2.5% of uridine (U), 2.5% of adenosine (A), 0.7% of cytidine (C), and 1.7% of inosine (I) during the flight time of ∼50 μs. In the case of uridine, no catalyst is required. An aqueous solution containing guanine cannot be generated under the same conditions given the extreme insolubility of guanine in water. However, inosine can base pair with cytidine and thus substitute for guanosine. Thus, a full set of ribonucleosides to generate the purine–pyrimidine base pairs A-U and I-C are spontaneously generated in aqueous microdroplets under similar mild conditions.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>National Academy of Sciences</pub><pmid>29255025</pmid><doi>10.1073/pnas.1718559115</doi><tpages>5</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adenine Adenosine Aqueous solutions Base pairs Biological Sciences Catalysis Catalysts Cytosine D-Ribose Flight time Guanine Guanosine Hypoxanthine Magnesium Mass spectra Mass spectrometry Phosphoric acid Physical Sciences Pressure Ribonucleic acid Ribose RNA Uracil Uridine |
| title | Abiotic synthesis of purine and pyrimidine ribonucleosides in aqueous microdroplets |
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