Education achievement and type 2 diabetes—what mediates the relationship in older adults? Data from the ESTHER study: a population-based cohort study
ObjectiveThe study aims to identify the mediating factors of the relationship between education achievement and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in older adults.DesignPopulation-based cohort study.SettingParticipants were recruited from the German federal state of Saarland.ParticipantsPartic...
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| creator | Steele, Christopher J Schöttker, Ben Marshall, Adele H Kouvonen, Anne O'Doherty, Mark G Mons, Ute Saum, Kai-Uwe Boffetta, Paolo Trichopoulou, Antonia Brenner, Hermann Kee, Frank |
| description | ObjectiveThe study aims to identify the mediating factors of the relationship between education achievement and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in older adults.DesignPopulation-based cohort study.SettingParticipants were recruited from the German federal state of Saarland.ParticipantsParticipants were excluded if they had prevalent T2DM or missing data on prevalent T2DM, missing or zero follow-up time for incident T2DM or were under 50 years of age. The total sample consisted of 7462 individuals aged 50–75 years (42.8% men, mean age 61.7 years) at baseline (2000–02). The median follow-up time was 8.0 years.MethodsCox proportional hazards regression was initially used to determine the direct association between education achievement and incident T2DM. Using the Baron and Kenny approach, we then investigated the associations between education achievement and incident T2DM with the potential mediators. The contribution of each of the putative mediating variables was then calculated.ResultsA clear socioeconomic gradient was observed with regard to T2DM incidence with the lowest educated individuals at a greater risk of developing the disease during the follow-up period: HR (95% CI) high education: 0.52 (0.34 to 0.80); medium education: 0.80 (0.66 to 0.96). Seven of the variables considered explained a proportion of the education–T2DM relationship (body mass index, alcohol consumption, hypertension, fasting triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, physical activity and smoking status), where the contribution of the variables ranged from 1.0% to 17.7%. Overall, the mediators explained 31.7% of the relationship.ConclusionBy identifying the possible mediating factors of the relationship between education achievement and incident T2DM in older adults, the results of this study can be used to assist with the development of public health strategies that aim to reduce socioeconomic inequalities in T2DM. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013569 |
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Data from the ESTHER study: a population-based cohort study</title><source>BMJ Open Access Journals</source><source>MEDLINE</source><source>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>PubMed Central Open Access</source><creator>Steele, Christopher J ; Schöttker, Ben ; Marshall, Adele H ; Kouvonen, Anne ; O'Doherty, Mark G ; Mons, Ute ; Saum, Kai-Uwe ; Boffetta, Paolo ; Trichopoulou, Antonia ; Brenner, Hermann ; Kee, Frank</creator><creatorcontrib>Steele, Christopher J ; Schöttker, Ben ; Marshall, Adele H ; Kouvonen, Anne ; O'Doherty, Mark G ; Mons, Ute ; Saum, Kai-Uwe ; Boffetta, Paolo ; Trichopoulou, Antonia ; Brenner, Hermann ; Kee, Frank</creatorcontrib><description>ObjectiveThe study aims to identify the mediating factors of the relationship between education achievement and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in older adults.DesignPopulation-based cohort study.SettingParticipants were recruited from the German federal state of Saarland.ParticipantsParticipants were excluded if they had prevalent T2DM or missing data on prevalent T2DM, missing or zero follow-up time for incident T2DM or were under 50 years of age. The total sample consisted of 7462 individuals aged 50–75 years (42.8% men, mean age 61.7 years) at baseline (2000–02). The median follow-up time was 8.0 years.MethodsCox proportional hazards regression was initially used to determine the direct association between education achievement and incident T2DM. Using the Baron and Kenny approach, we then investigated the associations between education achievement and incident T2DM with the potential mediators. The contribution of each of the putative mediating variables was then calculated.ResultsA clear socioeconomic gradient was observed with regard to T2DM incidence with the lowest educated individuals at a greater risk of developing the disease during the follow-up period: HR (95% CI) high education: 0.52 (0.34 to 0.80); medium education: 0.80 (0.66 to 0.96). Seven of the variables considered explained a proportion of the education–T2DM relationship (body mass index, alcohol consumption, hypertension, fasting triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, physical activity and smoking status), where the contribution of the variables ranged from 1.0% to 17.7%. Overall, the mediators explained 31.7% of the relationship.ConclusionBy identifying the possible mediating factors of the relationship between education achievement and incident T2DM in older adults, the results of this study can be used to assist with the development of public health strategies that aim to reduce socioeconomic inequalities in T2DM.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2044-6055</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2044-6055</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013569</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28420660</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: BMJ Publishing Group LTD</publisher><subject>Aged ; Alcohol Drinking - epidemiology ; Blood pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol, HDL - blood ; Chronic illnesses ; Clinical trials ; Cohort analysis ; Cohort Studies ; Diabetes ; Diabetes and Endocrinology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology ; Drugs ; Dyslipidemias - blood ; Dyslipidemias - epidemiology ; Educational Status ; Exercise ; Fasting ; Female ; Germany - epidemiology ; Glucose ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypertension - epidemiology ; Incidence ; Male ; Mediation ; Middle Aged ; Obesity ; Older people ; Population ; Population-based studies ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Public health ; Questionnaires ; Response rates ; Smoking - epidemiology ; Social Class ; Socioeconomic factors ; Systematic review ; Triglycerides ; Triglycerides - blood ; Vitamins ; Womens health</subject><ispartof>BMJ open, 2017-04, Vol.7 (4), p.e013569-e013569</ispartof><rights>Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.</rights><rights>2017 Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted. This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt and build upon this work, for commercial use, provided the original work is properly cited. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted. 2017</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-b566t-5c1f0c750f1ccd80f423a6e8cc0921e4e404050302970fd1ad3bee532e589ca23</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-b566t-5c1f0c750f1ccd80f423a6e8cc0921e4e404050302970fd1ad3bee532e589ca23</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttp://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/7/4/e013569.full.pdf$$EPDF$$P50$$Gbmj$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttp://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/7/4/e013569.full$$EHTML$$P50$$Gbmj$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,27526,27527,27901,27902,53766,53768,77570,77601</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28420660$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Steele, Christopher J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schöttker, Ben</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marshall, Adele H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kouvonen, Anne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>O'Doherty, Mark G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mons, Ute</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saum, Kai-Uwe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boffetta, Paolo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trichopoulou, Antonia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brenner, Hermann</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kee, Frank</creatorcontrib><title>Education achievement and type 2 diabetes—what mediates the relationship in older adults? Data from the ESTHER study: a population-based cohort study</title><title>BMJ open</title><addtitle>BMJ Open</addtitle><description>ObjectiveThe study aims to identify the mediating factors of the relationship between education achievement and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in older adults.DesignPopulation-based cohort study.SettingParticipants were recruited from the German federal state of Saarland.ParticipantsParticipants were excluded if they had prevalent T2DM or missing data on prevalent T2DM, missing or zero follow-up time for incident T2DM or were under 50 years of age. The total sample consisted of 7462 individuals aged 50–75 years (42.8% men, mean age 61.7 years) at baseline (2000–02). The median follow-up time was 8.0 years.MethodsCox proportional hazards regression was initially used to determine the direct association between education achievement and incident T2DM. Using the Baron and Kenny approach, we then investigated the associations between education achievement and incident T2DM with the potential mediators. The contribution of each of the putative mediating variables was then calculated.ResultsA clear socioeconomic gradient was observed with regard to T2DM incidence with the lowest educated individuals at a greater risk of developing the disease during the follow-up period: HR (95% CI) high education: 0.52 (0.34 to 0.80); medium education: 0.80 (0.66 to 0.96). Seven of the variables considered explained a proportion of the education–T2DM relationship (body mass index, alcohol consumption, hypertension, fasting triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, physical activity and smoking status), where the contribution of the variables ranged from 1.0% to 17.7%. Overall, the mediators explained 31.7% of the relationship.ConclusionBy identifying the possible mediating factors of the relationship between education achievement and incident T2DM in older adults, the results of this study can be used to assist with the development of public health strategies that aim to reduce socioeconomic inequalities in T2DM.</description><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Alcohol Drinking - epidemiology</subject><subject>Blood pressure</subject><subject>Body Mass Index</subject><subject>Cholesterol</subject><subject>Cholesterol, HDL - blood</subject><subject>Chronic illnesses</subject><subject>Clinical trials</subject><subject>Cohort analysis</subject><subject>Cohort Studies</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Diabetes and Endocrinology</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology</subject><subject>Drugs</subject><subject>Dyslipidemias - blood</subject><subject>Dyslipidemias - epidemiology</subject><subject>Educational Status</subject><subject>Exercise</subject><subject>Fasting</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Germany - epidemiology</subject><subject>Glucose</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypertension</subject><subject>Hypertension - epidemiology</subject><subject>Incidence</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mediation</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Obesity</subject><subject>Older people</subject><subject>Population</subject><subject>Population-based studies</subject><subject>Proportional Hazards Models</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Questionnaires</subject><subject>Response rates</subject><subject>Smoking - epidemiology</subject><subject>Social Class</subject><subject>Socioeconomic factors</subject><subject>Systematic review</subject><subject>Triglycerides</subject><subject>Triglycerides - blood</subject><subject>Vitamins</subject><subject>Womens health</subject><issn>2044-6055</issn><issn>2044-6055</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>9YT</sourceid><sourceid>ACMMV</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNqNks9qFTEYxYNYbLn2CQQJuHEzbZKZZCYulFKvrVAQtK5DJvnGmcvMZEwylbvzIQTfzycxvXNbqgsxm_z7ncN34CD0jJITSnNxWg8bN8GYMUJFRmjOhXyEjhgpikwQzh8_OB-i4xA2JK2CS87ZE3TIqoIRIcgR-rm2s9GxcyPWpu3gBgYYI9ajxXE7AWbYdrqGCOHX9x_fWh3xAOkl3XFsAXvod-LQdhPuRux6Cx5rO_cxvMFvddS48W7YsetP15frjzjE2W5fYY0nN82LOqt1AIuNa52PC_AUHTS6D3C831fo87v19flldvXh4v352VVWcyFixg1tiCk5aagxtiJNwXItoDKGSEahgIIUhJOcMFmSxlJt8xqA5wx4JY1m-Qq9XnynuU7JTArvda8m3w3ab5XTnfrzZ-xa9cXdKF5SKThPBi_3Bt59nSFENXTBQN_rEdwcFK0qWQpO0xAr9OIvdONmP6Z4ignBklsp5L8oWslClLLaUflCGe9C8NDcj0yJum2I2jdE3TZELQ1JqucP095r7vqQgJMFSOr_cvwNrgnJ9w</recordid><startdate>20170401</startdate><enddate>20170401</enddate><creator>Steele, Christopher J</creator><creator>Schöttker, Ben</creator><creator>Marshall, Adele H</creator><creator>Kouvonen, Anne</creator><creator>O'Doherty, Mark G</creator><creator>Mons, Ute</creator><creator>Saum, Kai-Uwe</creator><creator>Boffetta, Paolo</creator><creator>Trichopoulou, Antonia</creator><creator>Brenner, Hermann</creator><creator>Kee, Frank</creator><general>BMJ Publishing Group LTD</general><general>BMJ Open</general><scope>9YT</scope><scope>ACMMV</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BTHHO</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>K9-</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0R</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PHGZM</scope><scope>PHGZT</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PJZUB</scope><scope>PKEHL</scope><scope>PPXIY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20170401</creationdate><title>Education achievement and type 2 diabetes—what mediates the relationship in older adults? Data from the ESTHER study: a population-based cohort study</title><author>Steele, Christopher J ; Schöttker, Ben ; Marshall, Adele H ; Kouvonen, Anne ; O'Doherty, Mark G ; Mons, Ute ; Saum, Kai-Uwe ; Boffetta, Paolo ; Trichopoulou, Antonia ; Brenner, Hermann ; Kee, Frank</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-b566t-5c1f0c750f1ccd80f423a6e8cc0921e4e404050302970fd1ad3bee532e589ca23</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Alcohol Drinking - epidemiology</topic><topic>Blood pressure</topic><topic>Body Mass Index</topic><topic>Cholesterol</topic><topic>Cholesterol, HDL - blood</topic><topic>Chronic illnesses</topic><topic>Clinical trials</topic><topic>Cohort analysis</topic><topic>Cohort Studies</topic><topic>Diabetes</topic><topic>Diabetes and Endocrinology</topic><topic>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology</topic><topic>Drugs</topic><topic>Dyslipidemias - blood</topic><topic>Dyslipidemias - epidemiology</topic><topic>Educational Status</topic><topic>Exercise</topic><topic>Fasting</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Germany - epidemiology</topic><topic>Glucose</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hypertension</topic><topic>Hypertension - epidemiology</topic><topic>Incidence</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Mediation</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Obesity</topic><topic>Older people</topic><topic>Population</topic><topic>Population-based studies</topic><topic>Proportional Hazards Models</topic><topic>Public health</topic><topic>Questionnaires</topic><topic>Response rates</topic><topic>Smoking - epidemiology</topic><topic>Social Class</topic><topic>Socioeconomic factors</topic><topic>Systematic review</topic><topic>Triglycerides</topic><topic>Triglycerides - blood</topic><topic>Vitamins</topic><topic>Womens health</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Steele, Christopher J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schöttker, Ben</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marshall, Adele H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kouvonen, Anne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>O'Doherty, Mark G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mons, Ute</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Saum, Kai-Uwe</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boffetta, Paolo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trichopoulou, Antonia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brenner, Hermann</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kee, Frank</creatorcontrib><collection>BMJ Open Access Journals</collection><collection>BMJ Journals:Open Access</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>BMJ Journals</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Psychology</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (New)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic (New)</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Health & Nursing</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>BMJ open</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Steele, Christopher J</au><au>Schöttker, Ben</au><au>Marshall, Adele H</au><au>Kouvonen, Anne</au><au>O'Doherty, Mark G</au><au>Mons, Ute</au><au>Saum, Kai-Uwe</au><au>Boffetta, Paolo</au><au>Trichopoulou, Antonia</au><au>Brenner, Hermann</au><au>Kee, Frank</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Education achievement and type 2 diabetes—what mediates the relationship in older adults? Data from the ESTHER study: a population-based cohort study</atitle><jtitle>BMJ open</jtitle><addtitle>BMJ Open</addtitle><date>2017-04-01</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>7</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>e013569</spage><epage>e013569</epage><pages>e013569-e013569</pages><issn>2044-6055</issn><eissn>2044-6055</eissn><abstract>ObjectiveThe study aims to identify the mediating factors of the relationship between education achievement and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in older adults.DesignPopulation-based cohort study.SettingParticipants were recruited from the German federal state of Saarland.ParticipantsParticipants were excluded if they had prevalent T2DM or missing data on prevalent T2DM, missing or zero follow-up time for incident T2DM or were under 50 years of age. The total sample consisted of 7462 individuals aged 50–75 years (42.8% men, mean age 61.7 years) at baseline (2000–02). The median follow-up time was 8.0 years.MethodsCox proportional hazards regression was initially used to determine the direct association between education achievement and incident T2DM. Using the Baron and Kenny approach, we then investigated the associations between education achievement and incident T2DM with the potential mediators. The contribution of each of the putative mediating variables was then calculated.ResultsA clear socioeconomic gradient was observed with regard to T2DM incidence with the lowest educated individuals at a greater risk of developing the disease during the follow-up period: HR (95% CI) high education: 0.52 (0.34 to 0.80); medium education: 0.80 (0.66 to 0.96). Seven of the variables considered explained a proportion of the education–T2DM relationship (body mass index, alcohol consumption, hypertension, fasting triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, physical activity and smoking status), where the contribution of the variables ranged from 1.0% to 17.7%. Overall, the mediators explained 31.7% of the relationship.ConclusionBy identifying the possible mediating factors of the relationship between education achievement and incident T2DM in older adults, the results of this study can be used to assist with the development of public health strategies that aim to reduce socioeconomic inequalities in T2DM.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>BMJ Publishing Group LTD</pub><pmid>28420660</pmid><doi>10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013569</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Aged Alcohol Drinking - epidemiology Blood pressure Body Mass Index Cholesterol Cholesterol, HDL - blood Chronic illnesses Clinical trials Cohort analysis Cohort Studies Diabetes Diabetes and Endocrinology Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology Drugs Dyslipidemias - blood Dyslipidemias - epidemiology Educational Status Exercise Fasting Female Germany - epidemiology Glucose Humans Hypertension Hypertension - epidemiology Incidence Male Mediation Middle Aged Obesity Older people Population Population-based studies Proportional Hazards Models Public health Questionnaires Response rates Smoking - epidemiology Social Class Socioeconomic factors Systematic review Triglycerides Triglycerides - blood Vitamins Womens health |
| title | Education achievement and type 2 diabetes—what mediates the relationship in older adults? Data from the ESTHER study: a population-based cohort study |
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