Prevalence and Characteristics of hepatitis delta virus infection in a tertiary hospital setting in Cameroon

Abstract Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and Hepatitis D virus (HDV) coinfection is associated with more severe liver disease than HBV alone. More Knowledge on the epidemiology and clinical impact of HDV infected individuals is needed in Cameroon. Objectives To determine the frequency of anti HDV antibody testing in Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive patients, the proportion of anti HDV positivity and the characteristics of anti HDV positive compared to anti HDV negative patients in a tertiary hospital setting in Cameroon. Methods A cross sectional study. Clinical records of chronic HBV infected patients attending the gastroenterology unit at the Douala general hospital from 2010 to 2014 were reviewed. Results Of 365 files of HBsAg positive patients defined as chronic HBV infection, 80.5% (294) were tested for anti HDV antibodies amongst which 10.5% (31/294) were positive. Median AST (p < 0,0001), ALT (p < 0,0001), and GGT (p < 0,0001) were significantly higher while platelets count(p < 0,002), prothrombin time (p < 0,0001) were significantly lower in anti HDV positive compared to anti HDV negative patients. Liver necroinflammation (p < 0,0001), fibrosis score (p < 0,0001), and decompensated cirrhosis (p < 0,0001) were also significantly associated with anti HDV positivity. Conclusion The proportion of anti HDV antibody positivity remains high in this setting and was significantly associated with more severe liver disease compared to those who were anti HDV negative. More studies are needed to evaluate rates of HDV testing in other centres in Cameroon and the subregion. Preventive strategies for HBV prevention, which also apply to HDV, must still be reinforced by health care providers and policy makers.