Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in 2015

Abstract Few neoplastic diseases have undergone a transformation in a relatively short period like chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has in the last few years. In 1960, CML was the first cancer in which a unique chromosomal abnormality was identified and a pathophysiologic correlation suggested. Landma...

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Veröffentlicht in:Mayo Clinic proceedings 2015-10, Vol.90 (10), p.1440-1454
Hauptverfasser: Thompson, Philip A., MBBS, Kantarjian, Hagop M., MD, Cortes, Jorge E., MD
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creator Thompson, Philip A., MBBS
Kantarjian, Hagop M., MD
Cortes, Jorge E., MD
description Abstract Few neoplastic diseases have undergone a transformation in a relatively short period like chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has in the last few years. In 1960, CML was the first cancer in which a unique chromosomal abnormality was identified and a pathophysiologic correlation suggested. Landmark work followed, recognizing the underlying translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22 that gave rise to this abnormality and, shortly afterward, the specific genes involved and the pathophysiologic implications of this novel rearrangement. Fast forward a few years and this knowledge has given us the most remarkable example of a specific therapy that targets the dysregulated kinase activity represented by this molecular change. The broad use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors has resulted in an improvement in the overall survival to the point where the life expectancy of patients today is nearly equal to that of the general population. Still, there are challenges and unanswered questions that define the reasons why the progress still escapes many patients, and the details that separate patients from ultimate cure. In this article, we review our current understanding of CML in 2015, present recommendations for optimal management, and discuss the unanswered questions and what could be done to answer them in the near future.
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subjects Care and treatment
Chronic myeloid leukemia
Clinical Protocols
Diagnosis
Diagnosis, Differential
Disease Progression
Humans
Internal Medicine
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive - diagnosis
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive - drug therapy
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive - genetics
Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive - physiopathology
Patient Outcome Assessment
Philadelphia Chromosome
Prognosis
Protein Kinase Inhibitors - classification
Protein Kinase Inhibitors - pharmacology
title Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in 2015
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