Development of vaccines against Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus

Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a deadly human pathogen of the utmost seriousness being highly lethal causing devastating disease symptoms that result in intense and prolonged suffering to those infected. During the past 40years, this virus has repeatedly caused sporadic outbreaks...

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Veröffentlicht in:Vaccine 2017-10, Vol.35 (44), p.6015-6023
Hauptverfasser: Dowall, Stuart D., Carroll, Miles W., Hewson, Roger
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creator Dowall, Stuart D.
Carroll, Miles W.
Hewson, Roger
description Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a deadly human pathogen of the utmost seriousness being highly lethal causing devastating disease symptoms that result in intense and prolonged suffering to those infected. During the past 40years, this virus has repeatedly caused sporadic outbreaks responsible for relatively low numbers of human casualties, but with an alarming fatality rate of up to 80% in clinically infected patients. CCHFV is transmitted to humans by Hyalomma ticks and contact with the blood of viremic livestock, additionally cases of human-to-human transmission are not uncommon in nosocomial settings. The incidence of CCHF closely matches the geographical range of permissive ticks, which are widespread throughout Africa, Asia, the Middle East and Europe. As such, CCHFV is the most widespread tick-borne virus on earth. It is a concern that recent data shows the geographic distribution of Hyalomma ticks is expanding. Migratory birds are also disseminating Hyalomma ticks into more northerly parts of Europe thus potentially exposing naïve human populations to CCHFV. The virus has been imported into the UK on two occasions in the last five years with the first fatal case being confirmed in 2012. A licensed vaccine to CCHF is not available. In this review, we discuss the background and complications surrounding this limitation and examine the current status and recent advances in the development of vaccines against CCHFV.
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During the past 40years, this virus has repeatedly caused sporadic outbreaks responsible for relatively low numbers of human casualties, but with an alarming fatality rate of up to 80% in clinically infected patients. CCHFV is transmitted to humans by Hyalomma ticks and contact with the blood of viremic livestock, additionally cases of human-to-human transmission are not uncommon in nosocomial settings. The incidence of CCHF closely matches the geographical range of permissive ticks, which are widespread throughout Africa, Asia, the Middle East and Europe. As such, CCHFV is the most widespread tick-borne virus on earth. It is a concern that recent data shows the geographic distribution of Hyalomma ticks is expanding. Migratory birds are also disseminating Hyalomma ticks into more northerly parts of Europe thus potentially exposing naïve human populations to CCHFV. The virus has been imported into the UK on two occasions in the last five years with the first fatal case being confirmed in 2012. A licensed vaccine to CCHF is not available. In this review, we discuss the background and complications surrounding this limitation and examine the current status and recent advances in the development of vaccines against CCHFV.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0264-410X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-2518</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.05.031</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28687403</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Netherlands: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Africa ; animal pathogens ; Animals ; Arachnids ; Asia ; Birds ; blood ; Casualties ; Crimean hemorrhagic fever ; Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever ; Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus ; cross infection ; Cross Infection - immunology ; Cross Infection - prevention &amp; control ; Disease ; Disease transmission ; Ebola virus ; Ebolavirus ; Fever ; Geographical distribution ; Geography - methods ; Glycoproteins ; Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Crimean-Congo - immunology ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Crimean - immunology ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Crimean - prevention &amp; control ; Hospitals ; human population ; Human populations ; Humans ; Hyalomma ; Immunoglobulins ; Incidence ; Infections ; Ixodidae - immunology ; Livestock ; Middle East ; Migratory birds ; mortality ; Nosocomial infection ; Outbreaks ; Pathogenesis ; patients ; Review ; RNA polymerase ; Ticks ; United Kingdom ; Vaccine ; vaccine development ; Vaccines ; Vaccines - immunology ; Viral infections ; viruses ; Zoonoses</subject><ispartof>Vaccine, 2017-10, Vol.35 (44), p.6015-6023</ispartof><rights>2017</rights><rights>Crown Copyright © 2017. 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The virus has been imported into the UK on two occasions in the last five years with the first fatal case being confirmed in 2012. A licensed vaccine to CCHF is not available. In this review, we discuss the background and complications surrounding this limitation and examine the current status and recent advances in the development of vaccines against CCHFV.</description><subject>Africa</subject><subject>animal pathogens</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Arachnids</subject><subject>Asia</subject><subject>Birds</subject><subject>blood</subject><subject>Casualties</subject><subject>Crimean hemorrhagic fever</subject><subject>Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever</subject><subject>Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus</subject><subject>cross infection</subject><subject>Cross Infection - immunology</subject><subject>Cross Infection - prevention &amp; control</subject><subject>Disease</subject><subject>Disease transmission</subject><subject>Ebola virus</subject><subject>Ebolavirus</subject><subject>Fever</subject><subject>Geographical distribution</subject><subject>Geography - methods</subject><subject>Glycoproteins</subject><subject>Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Crimean-Congo - immunology</subject><subject>Hemorrhagic Fever, Crimean - immunology</subject><subject>Hemorrhagic Fever, Crimean - prevention &amp; 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During the past 40years, this virus has repeatedly caused sporadic outbreaks responsible for relatively low numbers of human casualties, but with an alarming fatality rate of up to 80% in clinically infected patients. CCHFV is transmitted to humans by Hyalomma ticks and contact with the blood of viremic livestock, additionally cases of human-to-human transmission are not uncommon in nosocomial settings. The incidence of CCHF closely matches the geographical range of permissive ticks, which are widespread throughout Africa, Asia, the Middle East and Europe. As such, CCHFV is the most widespread tick-borne virus on earth. It is a concern that recent data shows the geographic distribution of Hyalomma ticks is expanding. Migratory birds are also disseminating Hyalomma ticks into more northerly parts of Europe thus potentially exposing naïve human populations to CCHFV. The virus has been imported into the UK on two occasions in the last five years with the first fatal case being confirmed in 2012. A licensed vaccine to CCHF is not available. In this review, we discuss the background and complications surrounding this limitation and examine the current status and recent advances in the development of vaccines against CCHFV.</abstract><cop>Netherlands</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>28687403</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.05.031</doi><tpages>9</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects Africa
animal pathogens
Animals
Arachnids
Asia
Birds
blood
Casualties
Crimean hemorrhagic fever
Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever orthonairovirus
cross infection
Cross Infection - immunology
Cross Infection - prevention & control
Disease
Disease transmission
Ebola virus
Ebolavirus
Fever
Geographical distribution
Geography - methods
Glycoproteins
Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Crimean-Congo - immunology
Hemorrhagic Fever, Crimean - immunology
Hemorrhagic Fever, Crimean - prevention & control
Hospitals
human population
Human populations
Humans
Hyalomma
Immunoglobulins
Incidence
Infections
Ixodidae - immunology
Livestock
Middle East
Migratory birds
mortality
Nosocomial infection
Outbreaks
Pathogenesis
patients
Review
RNA polymerase
Ticks
United Kingdom
Vaccine
vaccine development
Vaccines
Vaccines - immunology
Viral infections
viruses
Zoonoses
title Development of vaccines against Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
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