Histone methyltransferase Dot1L is a coactivator for thyroid hormone receptor during Xenopus development

Histone modifications are associated with transcriptional regulation by diverse transcription factors. Genome‐wide correlation studies have revealed that histone activation marks and repression marks are associated with activated and repressed gene expression, respectively. Among the histone activat...

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Veröffentlicht in:The FASEB journal 2017-11, Vol.31 (11), p.4821-4831
Hauptverfasser: Wen, Luan, Fu, Liezhen, Shi, Yun‐Bo
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creator Wen, Luan
Fu, Liezhen
Shi, Yun‐Bo
description Histone modifications are associated with transcriptional regulation by diverse transcription factors. Genome‐wide correlation studies have revealed that histone activation marks and repression marks are associated with activated and repressed gene expression, respectively. Among the histone activation marks is histone H3 K79 methylation, which is carried out by only a single methyltransferase, disruptor of telomeric silencing‐1–like (DOT1L). We have been studying thyroid hormone (T3)‐dependent amphibian metamorphosis in two highly related species, the pseudo‐tetraploid Xenopus laevis and diploid Xenopus tropicalis, as a model for postembryonic development, a period around birth in mammals that is difficult to study. We previously showed that H3K79 methylation levels are induced at T3 target genes during natural and T3‐induced metamorphosis and that Dot1L is itself a T3 target gene. These suggest that T3 induces Dot1L expression, and Dot1L in turn functions as a T3 receptor (TR) coactivator to promote vertebrate development. We show here that in cotransfection studies or in the reconstituted frog oocyte in vivo transcription system, overexpression of Dot1L enhances gene activation by TR in the presence of T3. Furthermore, making use of the ability to carry out transgenesis in X. laevis and gene knockdown in X. tropicalis, we demonstrate that endogenous Dot1L is critical for T3‐induced activation of endogenous TR target genes while transgenic Dot1L enhances endogenous TR function in premetamorphic tadpoles in the presence of T3. Our studies thus for the first time provide complementary gain‐ and loss‐of functional evidence in vivo for a cofactor, Dot1L, in gene activation by TR during vertebrate development.—Wen, L., Fu, L., Shi, Y.‐B. Histone methyltransferase Dot1L is a coactivator for thyroid hormone receptor during Xenopus development. FASEB J. 31, 4821–4831 (2017). www.fasebj.org
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Genome‐wide correlation studies have revealed that histone activation marks and repression marks are associated with activated and repressed gene expression, respectively. Among the histone activation marks is histone H3 K79 methylation, which is carried out by only a single methyltransferase, disruptor of telomeric silencing‐1–like (DOT1L). We have been studying thyroid hormone (T3)‐dependent amphibian metamorphosis in two highly related species, the pseudo‐tetraploid Xenopus laevis and diploid Xenopus tropicalis, as a model for postembryonic development, a period around birth in mammals that is difficult to study. We previously showed that H3K79 methylation levels are induced at T3 target genes during natural and T3‐induced metamorphosis and that Dot1L is itself a T3 target gene. These suggest that T3 induces Dot1L expression, and Dot1L in turn functions as a T3 receptor (TR) coactivator to promote vertebrate development. We show here that in cotransfection studies or in the reconstituted frog oocyte in vivo transcription system, overexpression of Dot1L enhances gene activation by TR in the presence of T3. Furthermore, making use of the ability to carry out transgenesis in X. laevis and gene knockdown in X. tropicalis, we demonstrate that endogenous Dot1L is critical for T3‐induced activation of endogenous TR target genes while transgenic Dot1L enhances endogenous TR function in premetamorphic tadpoles in the presence of T3. Our studies thus for the first time provide complementary gain‐ and loss‐of functional evidence in vivo for a cofactor, Dot1L, in gene activation by TR during vertebrate development.—Wen, L., Fu, L., Shi, Y.‐B. Histone methyltransferase Dot1L is a coactivator for thyroid hormone receptor during Xenopus development. 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Genome‐wide correlation studies have revealed that histone activation marks and repression marks are associated with activated and repressed gene expression, respectively. Among the histone activation marks is histone H3 K79 methylation, which is carried out by only a single methyltransferase, disruptor of telomeric silencing‐1–like (DOT1L). We have been studying thyroid hormone (T3)‐dependent amphibian metamorphosis in two highly related species, the pseudo‐tetraploid Xenopus laevis and diploid Xenopus tropicalis, as a model for postembryonic development, a period around birth in mammals that is difficult to study. We previously showed that H3K79 methylation levels are induced at T3 target genes during natural and T3‐induced metamorphosis and that Dot1L is itself a T3 target gene. These suggest that T3 induces Dot1L expression, and Dot1L in turn functions as a T3 receptor (TR) coactivator to promote vertebrate development. We show here that in cotransfection studies or in the reconstituted frog oocyte in vivo transcription system, overexpression of Dot1L enhances gene activation by TR in the presence of T3. Furthermore, making use of the ability to carry out transgenesis in X. laevis and gene knockdown in X. tropicalis, we demonstrate that endogenous Dot1L is critical for T3‐induced activation of endogenous TR target genes while transgenic Dot1L enhances endogenous TR function in premetamorphic tadpoles in the presence of T3. Our studies thus for the first time provide complementary gain‐ and loss‐of functional evidence in vivo for a cofactor, Dot1L, in gene activation by TR during vertebrate development.—Wen, L., Fu, L., Shi, Y.‐B. Histone methyltransferase Dot1L is a coactivator for thyroid hormone receptor during Xenopus development. 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Genome‐wide correlation studies have revealed that histone activation marks and repression marks are associated with activated and repressed gene expression, respectively. Among the histone activation marks is histone H3 K79 methylation, which is carried out by only a single methyltransferase, disruptor of telomeric silencing‐1–like (DOT1L). We have been studying thyroid hormone (T3)‐dependent amphibian metamorphosis in two highly related species, the pseudo‐tetraploid Xenopus laevis and diploid Xenopus tropicalis, as a model for postembryonic development, a period around birth in mammals that is difficult to study. We previously showed that H3K79 methylation levels are induced at T3 target genes during natural and T3‐induced metamorphosis and that Dot1L is itself a T3 target gene. These suggest that T3 induces Dot1L expression, and Dot1L in turn functions as a T3 receptor (TR) coactivator to promote vertebrate development. We show here that in cotransfection studies or in the reconstituted frog oocyte in vivo transcription system, overexpression of Dot1L enhances gene activation by TR in the presence of T3. Furthermore, making use of the ability to carry out transgenesis in X. laevis and gene knockdown in X. tropicalis, we demonstrate that endogenous Dot1L is critical for T3‐induced activation of endogenous TR target genes while transgenic Dot1L enhances endogenous TR function in premetamorphic tadpoles in the presence of T3. Our studies thus for the first time provide complementary gain‐ and loss‐of functional evidence in vivo for a cofactor, Dot1L, in gene activation by TR during vertebrate development.—Wen, L., Fu, L., Shi, Y.‐B. Histone methyltransferase Dot1L is a coactivator for thyroid hormone receptor during Xenopus development. 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subjects Activation
activation mark
Animals
Chromatin
Correlation analysis
DNA methylation
epigenetics
Gene expression
Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental - physiology
Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic - physiology
Gene regulation
Genes
Genomes
Histone H3
Histone methyltransferase
histone modification
Histones - genetics
Histones - metabolism
In vivo methods and tests
Metamorphosis
Metamorphosis, Biological - physiology
Methyltransferases - biosynthesis
Methyltransferases - genetics
organogenesis
Receptors, Thyroid Hormone - biosynthesis
Receptors, Thyroid Hormone - genetics
Studies
Thyroid
Thyroid gland
Transcription factors
Triiodothyronine
Xenopus
Xenopus laevis
Xenopus Proteins - biosynthesis
Xenopus Proteins - genetics
title Histone methyltransferase Dot1L is a coactivator for thyroid hormone receptor during Xenopus development
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