Classification and Visualization of Physical and Chemical Properties of Falsified Medicines with Handheld Raman Spectroscopy and X-Ray Computed Tomography
Analytical methods for the detection of substandard and falsified medical products (SFs) are important for public health and patient safety. Research to understand how the physical and chemical properties of SFs can be most effectively applied to distinguish the SFs from authentic products has not y...
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Veröffentlicht in: | The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene 2017-09, Vol.97 (3), p.684-689 |
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creator | Kakio, Tomoko Yoshida, Naoko Macha, Susan Moriguchi, Kazunobu Hiroshima, Takashi Ikeda, Yukihiro Tsuboi, Hirohito Kimura, Kazuko |
description | Analytical methods for the detection of substandard and falsified medical products (SFs) are important for public health and patient safety. Research to understand how the physical and chemical properties of SFs can be most effectively applied to distinguish the SFs from authentic products has not yet been investigated enough. Here, we investigated the usefulness of two analytical methods, handheld Raman spectroscopy (handheld Raman) and X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT), for detecting SFs among oral solid antihypertensive pharmaceutical products containing candesartan cilexetil as an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). X-ray CT visualized at least two different types of falsified tablets, one containing many cracks and voids and the other containing aggregates with high electron density, such as from the presence of the heavy elements. Generic products that purported to contain equivalent amounts of API to the authentic products were discriminated from the authentic products by the handheld Raman and the different physical structure on X-ray CT. Approach to investigate both the chemical and physical properties with handheld Raman and X-ray CT, respectively, promise the accurate discrimination of the SFs, even if their visual appearance is similar with authentic products. We present a decision tree for investigating the authenticity of samples purporting to be authentic commercial tablets. Our results indicate that the combination approach of visual observation, handheld Raman and X-ray CT is a powerful strategy for nondestructive discrimination of suspect samples. |
doi_str_mv | 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0971 |
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Research to understand how the physical and chemical properties of SFs can be most effectively applied to distinguish the SFs from authentic products has not yet been investigated enough. Here, we investigated the usefulness of two analytical methods, handheld Raman spectroscopy (handheld Raman) and X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT), for detecting SFs among oral solid antihypertensive pharmaceutical products containing candesartan cilexetil as an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). X-ray CT visualized at least two different types of falsified tablets, one containing many cracks and voids and the other containing aggregates with high electron density, such as from the presence of the heavy elements. Generic products that purported to contain equivalent amounts of API to the authentic products were discriminated from the authentic products by the handheld Raman and the different physical structure on X-ray CT. Approach to investigate both the chemical and physical properties with handheld Raman and X-ray CT, respectively, promise the accurate discrimination of the SFs, even if their visual appearance is similar with authentic products. We present a decision tree for investigating the authenticity of samples purporting to be authentic commercial tablets. Our results indicate that the combination approach of visual observation, handheld Raman and X-ray CT is a powerful strategy for nondestructive discrimination of suspect samples.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0002-9637</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1476-1645</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0971</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28722604</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene</publisher><subject>Antihypertensive Agents - chemistry ; Benzimidazoles - chemistry ; Biphenyl Compounds - chemistry ; Counterfeit Drugs - chemistry ; Spectrum Analysis, Raman ; Tablets - chemistry ; Tetrazoles - chemistry ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed</subject><ispartof>The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2017-09, Vol.97 (3), p.684-689</ispartof><rights>The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2017</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c431t-c5271127d25b09286ac4f884ddb7f01f48fb75329a0ae539a5432f293718c5463</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5590587/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5590587/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28722604$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kakio, Tomoko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yoshida, Naoko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Macha, Susan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moriguchi, Kazunobu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hiroshima, Takashi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ikeda, Yukihiro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsuboi, Hirohito</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kimura, Kazuko</creatorcontrib><title>Classification and Visualization of Physical and Chemical Properties of Falsified Medicines with Handheld Raman Spectroscopy and X-Ray Computed Tomography</title><title>The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene</title><addtitle>Am J Trop Med Hyg</addtitle><description>Analytical methods for the detection of substandard and falsified medical products (SFs) are important for public health and patient safety. Research to understand how the physical and chemical properties of SFs can be most effectively applied to distinguish the SFs from authentic products has not yet been investigated enough. Here, we investigated the usefulness of two analytical methods, handheld Raman spectroscopy (handheld Raman) and X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT), for detecting SFs among oral solid antihypertensive pharmaceutical products containing candesartan cilexetil as an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). X-ray CT visualized at least two different types of falsified tablets, one containing many cracks and voids and the other containing aggregates with high electron density, such as from the presence of the heavy elements. Generic products that purported to contain equivalent amounts of API to the authentic products were discriminated from the authentic products by the handheld Raman and the different physical structure on X-ray CT. Approach to investigate both the chemical and physical properties with handheld Raman and X-ray CT, respectively, promise the accurate discrimination of the SFs, even if their visual appearance is similar with authentic products. We present a decision tree for investigating the authenticity of samples purporting to be authentic commercial tablets. Our results indicate that the combination approach of visual observation, handheld Raman and X-ray CT is a powerful strategy for nondestructive discrimination of suspect samples.</description><subject>Antihypertensive Agents - chemistry</subject><subject>Benzimidazoles - chemistry</subject><subject>Biphenyl Compounds - chemistry</subject><subject>Counterfeit Drugs - chemistry</subject><subject>Spectrum Analysis, Raman</subject><subject>Tablets - chemistry</subject><subject>Tetrazoles - chemistry</subject><subject>Tomography, X-Ray Computed</subject><issn>0002-9637</issn><issn>1476-1645</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpVkUtv1DAURi0EokNhyRZlySbF78cGCUV9IBVRlYLYWR7HblwlcbATUPpT-LV4ZkoFK8v3nnuu5Q-A1wieUMzVO3M3D90J4jVUAj0BG0QFrxGn7CnYQAhxrTgRR-BFzncQIokReg6OsBQYc0g34HfTm5yDD9bMIY6VGdvqW8iL6cP9oRJ9ddWtuQD9vtt0bthfrlKcXJqDyzvmzPQ7jWurT64NNoyl_CvMXXVRhjrXt9W1GcxYfZmcnVPMNk7r3ve9vjZr1cRhWuYyfROHeJvM1K0vwTNfpO7Vw3kMvp6d3jQX9eXn84_Nh8vaUoLm2jIsEMKixWwLFZbcWOqlpG27FR4iT6XfCkawMtA4RpRhlGCPFRFIWkY5OQbvD95p2Q6utW6ck-n1lMJg0qqjCfr_zhg6fRt_asYUZFIUwdsHQYo_FpdnPYRsXd-b0cUla6QwJIpIJgtaH1BbviAn5x_XIKh3eep9nhpxvcuz8G_-fdsj_TdA8geW3qAN</recordid><startdate>201709</startdate><enddate>201709</enddate><creator>Kakio, Tomoko</creator><creator>Yoshida, Naoko</creator><creator>Macha, Susan</creator><creator>Moriguchi, Kazunobu</creator><creator>Hiroshima, Takashi</creator><creator>Ikeda, Yukihiro</creator><creator>Tsuboi, Hirohito</creator><creator>Kimura, Kazuko</creator><general>The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201709</creationdate><title>Classification and Visualization of Physical and Chemical Properties of Falsified Medicines with Handheld Raman Spectroscopy and X-Ray Computed Tomography</title><author>Kakio, Tomoko ; Yoshida, Naoko ; Macha, Susan ; Moriguchi, Kazunobu ; Hiroshima, Takashi ; Ikeda, Yukihiro ; Tsuboi, Hirohito ; Kimura, Kazuko</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c431t-c5271127d25b09286ac4f884ddb7f01f48fb75329a0ae539a5432f293718c5463</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Antihypertensive Agents - chemistry</topic><topic>Benzimidazoles - chemistry</topic><topic>Biphenyl Compounds - chemistry</topic><topic>Counterfeit Drugs - chemistry</topic><topic>Spectrum Analysis, Raman</topic><topic>Tablets - chemistry</topic><topic>Tetrazoles - chemistry</topic><topic>Tomography, X-Ray Computed</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kakio, Tomoko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yoshida, Naoko</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Macha, Susan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moriguchi, Kazunobu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hiroshima, Takashi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ikeda, Yukihiro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tsuboi, Hirohito</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kimura, Kazuko</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kakio, Tomoko</au><au>Yoshida, Naoko</au><au>Macha, Susan</au><au>Moriguchi, Kazunobu</au><au>Hiroshima, Takashi</au><au>Ikeda, Yukihiro</au><au>Tsuboi, Hirohito</au><au>Kimura, Kazuko</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Classification and Visualization of Physical and Chemical Properties of Falsified Medicines with Handheld Raman Spectroscopy and X-Ray Computed Tomography</atitle><jtitle>The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene</jtitle><addtitle>Am J Trop Med Hyg</addtitle><date>2017-09</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>97</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>684</spage><epage>689</epage><pages>684-689</pages><issn>0002-9637</issn><eissn>1476-1645</eissn><abstract>Analytical methods for the detection of substandard and falsified medical products (SFs) are important for public health and patient safety. Research to understand how the physical and chemical properties of SFs can be most effectively applied to distinguish the SFs from authentic products has not yet been investigated enough. Here, we investigated the usefulness of two analytical methods, handheld Raman spectroscopy (handheld Raman) and X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT), for detecting SFs among oral solid antihypertensive pharmaceutical products containing candesartan cilexetil as an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). X-ray CT visualized at least two different types of falsified tablets, one containing many cracks and voids and the other containing aggregates with high electron density, such as from the presence of the heavy elements. Generic products that purported to contain equivalent amounts of API to the authentic products were discriminated from the authentic products by the handheld Raman and the different physical structure on X-ray CT. Approach to investigate both the chemical and physical properties with handheld Raman and X-ray CT, respectively, promise the accurate discrimination of the SFs, even if their visual appearance is similar with authentic products. We present a decision tree for investigating the authenticity of samples purporting to be authentic commercial tablets. Our results indicate that the combination approach of visual observation, handheld Raman and X-ray CT is a powerful strategy for nondestructive discrimination of suspect samples.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene</pub><pmid>28722604</pmid><doi>10.4269/ajtmh.16-0971</doi><tpages>6</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Antihypertensive Agents - chemistry Benzimidazoles - chemistry Biphenyl Compounds - chemistry Counterfeit Drugs - chemistry Spectrum Analysis, Raman Tablets - chemistry Tetrazoles - chemistry Tomography, X-Ray Computed |
title | Classification and Visualization of Physical and Chemical Properties of Falsified Medicines with Handheld Raman Spectroscopy and X-Ray Computed Tomography |
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