Temperate-Water Immersion as a Treatment for Hyperthermic Humans Wearing American Football Uniforms
Cold-water immersion (CWI; 10°C) can effectively reduce body core temperature even if a hyperthermic human is wearing a full American football uniform (PADS) during treatment. Temperate-water immersion (TWI; 21°C) may be an effective alternative to CWI if resources for the latter (eg, ice) are unava...
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| creator | Miller, Kevin C Truxton, Tyler Long, Blaine |
| description | Cold-water immersion (CWI; 10°C) can effectively reduce body core temperature even if a hyperthermic human is wearing a full American football uniform (PADS) during treatment. Temperate-water immersion (TWI; 21°C) may be an effective alternative to CWI if resources for the latter (eg, ice) are unavailable.
To measure rectal temperature (T
) cooling rates, thermal sensation, and Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire (ESQ) scores of participants wearing PADS or shorts, undergarments, and socks (NO
) before, during, and after TWI.
Crossover study.
Laboratory.
Thirteen physically active, unacclimatized men (age = 22 ± 2 years, height = 182.3 ± 5.2 cm, mass = 82.5 ± 13.4 kg, body fat = 10% ± 4%, body surface area = 2.04 ± 0.16 m
).
Participants exercised in the heat (40°C, 50% relative humidity) on 2 days while wearing PADS until T
reached 39.5°C. Participants then underwent TWI while wearing either NO
or PADS until T
reached 38°C. Thermal sensation and ESQ responses were collected at various times before and after exercise.
Temperate-water immersion duration (minutes), T
cooling rates (°C/min), thermal sensation, and ESQ scores.
Participants had similar exercise times (NO
= 38.1 ± 8.1 minutes, PADS = 38.1 ± 8.5 minutes), hypohydration levels (NO
= 1.1% ± 0.2%, PADS = 1.2% ± 0.2%), and thermal sensation ratings (NO
= 7.1 ± 0.4, PADS = 7.3 ± 0.4) before TWI. Rectal temperature cooling rates were similar between conditions (NO
= 0.12°C/min ± 0.05°C/min, PADS = 0.13°C/min ± 0.05°C/min; t
= 0.82, P = .79). Thermal sensation and ESQ scores were unremarkable between conditions over time.
Temperate-water immersion produced acceptable (ie, >0.08°C/min), though not ideal, cooling rates regardless of whether PADS or NO
were worn. If a football uniform is difficult to remove or the patient is noncompliant, clinicians should begin water-immersion treatment with the athlete fully equipped. Clinicians should strive to use CWI to treat severe hyperthermia, but when CWI is not feasible, TWI should be the next treatment option because its cooling rate was higher than the rates of other common modalities (eg, ice packs, fanning). |
| doi_str_mv | 10.4085/1062-6050-52.5.05 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_5561775</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>1932152167</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c427t-c177d557df35a5fc5a99d4fb667c914b50a51721b0a90ac4237a83d54845e7b73</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpdUU1r3TAQFKWlSdP-gF6KoJde_CLJXsm-FEJI-gKBXF5Ib2Ity4mCJb1KdiD_PjL5oO1FK9iZ2dkdQr5ytmlYC8ecSVFJBqwCsYENg3fkkHd1W3Epfr8v_9f-AfmU8z1jXEAnP5ID0SoOoq0PidlZv7cJZ1vdlCfRC-9tyi4Gipki3SWLs7dhpmNMdPtYsPOdTd4Zul08hkxvLCYXbulJ4TmDgZ7HOPc4TfQ6uELy-TP5MOKU7ZeXekSuz892p9vq8urXxenJZWUaoebKcKUGADWMNSCMBrDrhmbspVSm400PDIErwXuGHcPCqRW29QBN24BVvaqPyM9n3f3SezuY4jrhpPfJeUyPOqLT_3aCu9O38UEDyDIbisCPF4EU_yw2z9q7bOw0YbBxybrcVpS7cbnO-v4f9D4uKZT1VhRTqhaSFRR_RpkUc052fDPDmV4j1GtEeo1Ig9Cg2Wri299bvDFeM6ufAPFJl6s</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1930773260</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Temperate-Water Immersion as a Treatment for Hyperthermic Humans Wearing American Football Uniforms</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Alma/SFX Local Collection</source><source>Free E- Journals</source><creator>Miller, Kevin C ; Truxton, Tyler ; Long, Blaine</creator><creatorcontrib>Miller, Kevin C ; Truxton, Tyler ; Long, Blaine</creatorcontrib><description>Cold-water immersion (CWI; 10°C) can effectively reduce body core temperature even if a hyperthermic human is wearing a full American football uniform (PADS) during treatment. Temperate-water immersion (TWI; 21°C) may be an effective alternative to CWI if resources for the latter (eg, ice) are unavailable.
To measure rectal temperature (T
) cooling rates, thermal sensation, and Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire (ESQ) scores of participants wearing PADS or shorts, undergarments, and socks (NO
) before, during, and after TWI.
Crossover study.
Laboratory.
Thirteen physically active, unacclimatized men (age = 22 ± 2 years, height = 182.3 ± 5.2 cm, mass = 82.5 ± 13.4 kg, body fat = 10% ± 4%, body surface area = 2.04 ± 0.16 m
).
Participants exercised in the heat (40°C, 50% relative humidity) on 2 days while wearing PADS until T
reached 39.5°C. Participants then underwent TWI while wearing either NO
or PADS until T
reached 38°C. Thermal sensation and ESQ responses were collected at various times before and after exercise.
Temperate-water immersion duration (minutes), T
cooling rates (°C/min), thermal sensation, and ESQ scores.
Participants had similar exercise times (NO
= 38.1 ± 8.1 minutes, PADS = 38.1 ± 8.5 minutes), hypohydration levels (NO
= 1.1% ± 0.2%, PADS = 1.2% ± 0.2%), and thermal sensation ratings (NO
= 7.1 ± 0.4, PADS = 7.3 ± 0.4) before TWI. Rectal temperature cooling rates were similar between conditions (NO
= 0.12°C/min ± 0.05°C/min, PADS = 0.13°C/min ± 0.05°C/min; t
= 0.82, P = .79). Thermal sensation and ESQ scores were unremarkable between conditions over time.
Temperate-water immersion produced acceptable (ie, >0.08°C/min), though not ideal, cooling rates regardless of whether PADS or NO
were worn. If a football uniform is difficult to remove or the patient is noncompliant, clinicians should begin water-immersion treatment with the athlete fully equipped. Clinicians should strive to use CWI to treat severe hyperthermia, but when CWI is not feasible, TWI should be the next treatment option because its cooling rate was higher than the rates of other common modalities (eg, ice packs, fanning).</description><identifier>ISSN: 1062-6050</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1938-162X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-52.5.05</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28715283</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: National Athletic Trainers Association</publisher><subject>Body fat ; Body Temperature - physiology ; Climate ; Clothing - adverse effects ; Clothing - standards ; Cold ; Cold Temperature ; Cooling ; Cross-Over Studies ; Data Collection ; Exercise - physiology ; Fever ; Football ; Football - physiology ; Heat ; Heat Stroke - etiology ; Heat Stroke - physiopathology ; Heat Stroke - prevention & control ; Heatstroke ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Illnesses ; Immersion - physiopathology ; Laboratories ; Male ; Materials Testing - methods ; Medical screening ; Mens health ; Original Research ; Outcome Measures ; Physical Exertion - physiology ; Questionnaires ; Scientific Concepts ; Sports Equipment - adverse effects ; Sports Equipment - classification ; Sports Equipment - standards ; Statistical Analysis ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Team Sports ; Temperature ; Thermosensing - physiology ; Uniforms ; Water ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Journal of athletic training, 2017-08, Vol.52 (8), p.747-752</ispartof><rights>Copyright National Athletic Trainers Association Aug 2017</rights><rights>by the National Athletic Trainers' Association, Inc 2017 2017</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c427t-c177d557df35a5fc5a99d4fb667c914b50a51721b0a90ac4237a83d54845e7b73</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c427t-c177d557df35a5fc5a99d4fb667c914b50a51721b0a90ac4237a83d54845e7b73</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5561775/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5561775/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28715283$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Miller, Kevin C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Truxton, Tyler</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Long, Blaine</creatorcontrib><title>Temperate-Water Immersion as a Treatment for Hyperthermic Humans Wearing American Football Uniforms</title><title>Journal of athletic training</title><addtitle>J Athl Train</addtitle><description>Cold-water immersion (CWI; 10°C) can effectively reduce body core temperature even if a hyperthermic human is wearing a full American football uniform (PADS) during treatment. Temperate-water immersion (TWI; 21°C) may be an effective alternative to CWI if resources for the latter (eg, ice) are unavailable.
To measure rectal temperature (T
) cooling rates, thermal sensation, and Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire (ESQ) scores of participants wearing PADS or shorts, undergarments, and socks (NO
) before, during, and after TWI.
Crossover study.
Laboratory.
Thirteen physically active, unacclimatized men (age = 22 ± 2 years, height = 182.3 ± 5.2 cm, mass = 82.5 ± 13.4 kg, body fat = 10% ± 4%, body surface area = 2.04 ± 0.16 m
).
Participants exercised in the heat (40°C, 50% relative humidity) on 2 days while wearing PADS until T
reached 39.5°C. Participants then underwent TWI while wearing either NO
or PADS until T
reached 38°C. Thermal sensation and ESQ responses were collected at various times before and after exercise.
Temperate-water immersion duration (minutes), T
cooling rates (°C/min), thermal sensation, and ESQ scores.
Participants had similar exercise times (NO
= 38.1 ± 8.1 minutes, PADS = 38.1 ± 8.5 minutes), hypohydration levels (NO
= 1.1% ± 0.2%, PADS = 1.2% ± 0.2%), and thermal sensation ratings (NO
= 7.1 ± 0.4, PADS = 7.3 ± 0.4) before TWI. Rectal temperature cooling rates were similar between conditions (NO
= 0.12°C/min ± 0.05°C/min, PADS = 0.13°C/min ± 0.05°C/min; t
= 0.82, P = .79). Thermal sensation and ESQ scores were unremarkable between conditions over time.
Temperate-water immersion produced acceptable (ie, >0.08°C/min), though not ideal, cooling rates regardless of whether PADS or NO
were worn. If a football uniform is difficult to remove or the patient is noncompliant, clinicians should begin water-immersion treatment with the athlete fully equipped. Clinicians should strive to use CWI to treat severe hyperthermia, but when CWI is not feasible, TWI should be the next treatment option because its cooling rate was higher than the rates of other common modalities (eg, ice packs, fanning).</description><subject>Body fat</subject><subject>Body Temperature - physiology</subject><subject>Climate</subject><subject>Clothing - adverse effects</subject><subject>Clothing - standards</subject><subject>Cold</subject><subject>Cold Temperature</subject><subject>Cooling</subject><subject>Cross-Over Studies</subject><subject>Data Collection</subject><subject>Exercise - physiology</subject><subject>Fever</subject><subject>Football</subject><subject>Football - physiology</subject><subject>Heat</subject><subject>Heat Stroke - etiology</subject><subject>Heat Stroke - physiopathology</subject><subject>Heat Stroke - prevention & control</subject><subject>Heatstroke</subject><subject>Hot Temperature</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Illnesses</subject><subject>Immersion - physiopathology</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Materials Testing - methods</subject><subject>Medical screening</subject><subject>Mens health</subject><subject>Original Research</subject><subject>Outcome Measures</subject><subject>Physical Exertion - physiology</subject><subject>Questionnaires</subject><subject>Scientific Concepts</subject><subject>Sports Equipment - adverse effects</subject><subject>Sports Equipment - classification</subject><subject>Sports Equipment - standards</subject><subject>Statistical Analysis</subject><subject>Surveys and Questionnaires</subject><subject>Team Sports</subject><subject>Temperature</subject><subject>Thermosensing - physiology</subject><subject>Uniforms</subject><subject>Water</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1062-6050</issn><issn>1938-162X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>BEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNpdUU1r3TAQFKWlSdP-gF6KoJde_CLJXsm-FEJI-gKBXF5Ib2Ity4mCJb1KdiD_PjL5oO1FK9iZ2dkdQr5ytmlYC8ecSVFJBqwCsYENg3fkkHd1W3Epfr8v_9f-AfmU8z1jXEAnP5ID0SoOoq0PidlZv7cJZ1vdlCfRC-9tyi4Gipki3SWLs7dhpmNMdPtYsPOdTd4Zul08hkxvLCYXbulJ4TmDgZ7HOPc4TfQ6uELy-TP5MOKU7ZeXekSuz892p9vq8urXxenJZWUaoebKcKUGADWMNSCMBrDrhmbspVSm400PDIErwXuGHcPCqRW29QBN24BVvaqPyM9n3f3SezuY4jrhpPfJeUyPOqLT_3aCu9O38UEDyDIbisCPF4EU_yw2z9q7bOw0YbBxybrcVpS7cbnO-v4f9D4uKZT1VhRTqhaSFRR_RpkUc052fDPDmV4j1GtEeo1Ig9Cg2Wri299bvDFeM6ufAPFJl6s</recordid><startdate>201708</startdate><enddate>201708</enddate><creator>Miller, Kevin C</creator><creator>Truxton, Tyler</creator><creator>Long, Blaine</creator><general>National Athletic Trainers Association</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>0-V</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>4U-</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88B</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>8A4</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ALSLI</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>CJNVE</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>K9-</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0P</scope><scope>M0R</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEDU</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>S0X</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201708</creationdate><title>Temperate-Water Immersion as a Treatment for Hyperthermic Humans Wearing American Football Uniforms</title><author>Miller, Kevin C ; Truxton, Tyler ; Long, Blaine</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c427t-c177d557df35a5fc5a99d4fb667c914b50a51721b0a90ac4237a83d54845e7b73</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Body fat</topic><topic>Body Temperature - physiology</topic><topic>Climate</topic><topic>Clothing - adverse effects</topic><topic>Clothing - standards</topic><topic>Cold</topic><topic>Cold Temperature</topic><topic>Cooling</topic><topic>Cross-Over Studies</topic><topic>Data Collection</topic><topic>Exercise - physiology</topic><topic>Fever</topic><topic>Football</topic><topic>Football - physiology</topic><topic>Heat</topic><topic>Heat Stroke - etiology</topic><topic>Heat Stroke - physiopathology</topic><topic>Heat Stroke - prevention & control</topic><topic>Heatstroke</topic><topic>Hot Temperature</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Illnesses</topic><topic>Immersion - physiopathology</topic><topic>Laboratories</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Materials Testing - methods</topic><topic>Medical screening</topic><topic>Mens health</topic><topic>Original Research</topic><topic>Outcome Measures</topic><topic>Physical Exertion - physiology</topic><topic>Questionnaires</topic><topic>Scientific Concepts</topic><topic>Sports Equipment - adverse effects</topic><topic>Sports Equipment - classification</topic><topic>Sports Equipment - standards</topic><topic>Statistical Analysis</topic><topic>Surveys and Questionnaires</topic><topic>Team Sports</topic><topic>Temperature</topic><topic>Thermosensing - physiology</topic><topic>Uniforms</topic><topic>Water</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Miller, Kevin C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Truxton, Tyler</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Long, Blaine</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Social Sciences Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>University Readers</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Education Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>Education Periodicals</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Social Science Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>eLibrary</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Education Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Education Database</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Psychology</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Education</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>SIRS Editorial</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Journal of athletic training</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Miller, Kevin C</au><au>Truxton, Tyler</au><au>Long, Blaine</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Temperate-Water Immersion as a Treatment for Hyperthermic Humans Wearing American Football Uniforms</atitle><jtitle>Journal of athletic training</jtitle><addtitle>J Athl Train</addtitle><date>2017-08</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>52</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>747</spage><epage>752</epage><pages>747-752</pages><issn>1062-6050</issn><eissn>1938-162X</eissn><abstract>Cold-water immersion (CWI; 10°C) can effectively reduce body core temperature even if a hyperthermic human is wearing a full American football uniform (PADS) during treatment. Temperate-water immersion (TWI; 21°C) may be an effective alternative to CWI if resources for the latter (eg, ice) are unavailable.
To measure rectal temperature (T
) cooling rates, thermal sensation, and Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire (ESQ) scores of participants wearing PADS or shorts, undergarments, and socks (NO
) before, during, and after TWI.
Crossover study.
Laboratory.
Thirteen physically active, unacclimatized men (age = 22 ± 2 years, height = 182.3 ± 5.2 cm, mass = 82.5 ± 13.4 kg, body fat = 10% ± 4%, body surface area = 2.04 ± 0.16 m
).
Participants exercised in the heat (40°C, 50% relative humidity) on 2 days while wearing PADS until T
reached 39.5°C. Participants then underwent TWI while wearing either NO
or PADS until T
reached 38°C. Thermal sensation and ESQ responses were collected at various times before and after exercise.
Temperate-water immersion duration (minutes), T
cooling rates (°C/min), thermal sensation, and ESQ scores.
Participants had similar exercise times (NO
= 38.1 ± 8.1 minutes, PADS = 38.1 ± 8.5 minutes), hypohydration levels (NO
= 1.1% ± 0.2%, PADS = 1.2% ± 0.2%), and thermal sensation ratings (NO
= 7.1 ± 0.4, PADS = 7.3 ± 0.4) before TWI. Rectal temperature cooling rates were similar between conditions (NO
= 0.12°C/min ± 0.05°C/min, PADS = 0.13°C/min ± 0.05°C/min; t
= 0.82, P = .79). Thermal sensation and ESQ scores were unremarkable between conditions over time.
Temperate-water immersion produced acceptable (ie, >0.08°C/min), though not ideal, cooling rates regardless of whether PADS or NO
were worn. If a football uniform is difficult to remove or the patient is noncompliant, clinicians should begin water-immersion treatment with the athlete fully equipped. Clinicians should strive to use CWI to treat severe hyperthermia, but when CWI is not feasible, TWI should be the next treatment option because its cooling rate was higher than the rates of other common modalities (eg, ice packs, fanning).</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>National Athletic Trainers Association</pub><pmid>28715283</pmid><doi>10.4085/1062-6050-52.5.05</doi><tpages>6</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
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| ispartof | Journal of athletic training, 2017-08, Vol.52 (8), p.747-752 |
| issn | 1062-6050 1938-162X |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_5561775 |
| source | MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Alma/SFX Local Collection; Free E- Journals |
| subjects | Body fat Body Temperature - physiology Climate Clothing - adverse effects Clothing - standards Cold Cold Temperature Cooling Cross-Over Studies Data Collection Exercise - physiology Fever Football Football - physiology Heat Heat Stroke - etiology Heat Stroke - physiopathology Heat Stroke - prevention & control Heatstroke Hot Temperature Humans Illnesses Immersion - physiopathology Laboratories Male Materials Testing - methods Medical screening Mens health Original Research Outcome Measures Physical Exertion - physiology Questionnaires Scientific Concepts Sports Equipment - adverse effects Sports Equipment - classification Sports Equipment - standards Statistical Analysis Surveys and Questionnaires Team Sports Temperature Thermosensing - physiology Uniforms Water Young Adult |
| title | Temperate-Water Immersion as a Treatment for Hyperthermic Humans Wearing American Football Uniforms |
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