Quercetin Protects Obesity-Induced Hypothalamic Inflammation by Reducing Microglia-Mediated Inflammatory Responses via HO-1 Induction
Obesity-induced hypothalamic inflammation is characterized by activation of microglia, which are resident macrophages of the central nervous system, and is implicated in the derangement of energy homeostasis, metabolic complications, and neurodegenerative diseases. Quercetin, a naturally occurring f...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Nutrients 2017-06, Vol.9 (7), p.650 |
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| creator | Yang, Jihyeon Kim, Chu-Sook Tu, Thai Hien Kim, Min-Seon Goto, Tsuyoshi Kawada, Teruo Choi, Myung-Sook Park, Taesun Sung, Mi-Kyung Yun, Jong Won Choe, Suck-Young Lee, Jee Hye Joe, Yeonsoo Choi, Hye-Seon Back, Sung Hoon Chung, Hun Taeg Yu, Rina |
| description | Obesity-induced hypothalamic inflammation is characterized by activation of microglia, which are resident macrophages of the central nervous system, and is implicated in the derangement of energy homeostasis, metabolic complications, and neurodegenerative diseases. Quercetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, is known to protect against oxidative stress and inflammation-related metabolic complications. Here, we demonstrate that quercetin reduces obesity-induced hypothalamic inflammation by inhibiting microglia-mediated inflammatory responses, and the beneficial action of quercetin is associated with heme oxygenase (HO-1) induction. Quercetin markedly reduced the production of inflammatory mediators (monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, interleukin (IL-6), IL-1β, nitric oxide) by microglia stimulated with saturated fatty acid palmitate and/or lipid-laden microglia-conditioned medium. Quercetin also upregulated the expression of HO-1 in palmitate-treated lipid-laden microglia, and the actions of quercetin against microglia activation accompanied by IκBα degradation were abolished by a HO-1 inhibitor. Moreover, quercetin supplementation reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines and microglia activation markers in the hypothalamus of high fat diet (HFD)-fed obese mice, which was accompanied by upregulation of HO-1. These findings indicate that quercetin suppresses microglia-mediated inflammatory responses via the induction of HO-1, and hence protects against obesity-induced hypothalamic inflammation. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/nu9070650 |
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Quercetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, is known to protect against oxidative stress and inflammation-related metabolic complications. Here, we demonstrate that quercetin reduces obesity-induced hypothalamic inflammation by inhibiting microglia-mediated inflammatory responses, and the beneficial action of quercetin is associated with heme oxygenase (HO-1) induction. Quercetin markedly reduced the production of inflammatory mediators (monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, interleukin (IL-6), IL-1β, nitric oxide) by microglia stimulated with saturated fatty acid palmitate and/or lipid-laden microglia-conditioned medium. Quercetin also upregulated the expression of HO-1 in palmitate-treated lipid-laden microglia, and the actions of quercetin against microglia activation accompanied by IκBα degradation were abolished by a HO-1 inhibitor. Moreover, quercetin supplementation reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines and microglia activation markers in the hypothalamus of high fat diet (HFD)-fed obese mice, which was accompanied by upregulation of HO-1. These findings indicate that quercetin suppresses microglia-mediated inflammatory responses via the induction of HO-1, and hence protects against obesity-induced hypothalamic inflammation.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2072-6643</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2072-6643</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/nu9070650</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28644409</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>animal disease models ; Animals ; Cell activation ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cell Line ; Central nervous system ; chemokine CCL2 ; Complications ; Conditioning ; Culture Media, Conditioned ; Diet, High-Fat - adverse effects ; Dietary Fats - administration & dosage ; Dietary Fats - adverse effects ; energy ; Energy balance ; Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects ; Heme ; heme oxygenase (biliverdin-producing) ; Heme Oxygenase-1 - genetics ; Heme Oxygenase-1 - metabolism ; High fat diet ; Homeostasis ; Hypothalamus ; Hypothalamus - pathology ; IKappaB kinase ; Inflammation ; Inflammation - chemically induced ; Inflammation - drug therapy ; Interleukin 6 ; interleukin-1beta ; Macrophages ; Male ; Membrane Proteins - genetics ; Membrane Proteins - metabolism ; Metabolism ; Mice ; Microglia ; Microglia - drug effects ; Monocyte chemoattractant protein ; Monocytes ; neurodegenerative diseases ; neuroglia ; Nitric oxide ; Obesity ; Obesity - chemically induced ; Obesity - complications ; Oxidative stress ; Oxygenase ; palmitates ; Palmitic acid ; Proteins ; Quercetin ; Quercetin - pharmacology ; Random Allocation ; Rodents ; saturated fatty acids</subject><ispartof>Nutrients, 2017-06, Vol.9 (7), p.650</ispartof><rights>2017. This work is licensed under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2017 by the authors. 2017</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c546t-b21469ba0be0f289efb373247e19cf7e1630ec51a1b0beb7a4002c83ccb3d0c83</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c546t-b21469ba0be0f289efb373247e19cf7e1630ec51a1b0beb7a4002c83ccb3d0c83</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-9752-9407</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5537770/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5537770/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28644409$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Yang, Jihyeon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Chu-Sook</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tu, Thai Hien</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Min-Seon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goto, Tsuyoshi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kawada, Teruo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choi, Myung-Sook</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Park, Taesun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sung, Mi-Kyung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yun, Jong Won</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choe, Suck-Young</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Jee Hye</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Joe, Yeonsoo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choi, Hye-Seon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Back, Sung Hoon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chung, Hun Taeg</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yu, Rina</creatorcontrib><title>Quercetin Protects Obesity-Induced Hypothalamic Inflammation by Reducing Microglia-Mediated Inflammatory Responses via HO-1 Induction</title><title>Nutrients</title><addtitle>Nutrients</addtitle><description>Obesity-induced hypothalamic inflammation is characterized by activation of microglia, which are resident macrophages of the central nervous system, and is implicated in the derangement of energy homeostasis, metabolic complications, and neurodegenerative diseases. Quercetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, is known to protect against oxidative stress and inflammation-related metabolic complications. Here, we demonstrate that quercetin reduces obesity-induced hypothalamic inflammation by inhibiting microglia-mediated inflammatory responses, and the beneficial action of quercetin is associated with heme oxygenase (HO-1) induction. Quercetin markedly reduced the production of inflammatory mediators (monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, interleukin (IL-6), IL-1β, nitric oxide) by microglia stimulated with saturated fatty acid palmitate and/or lipid-laden microglia-conditioned medium. Quercetin also upregulated the expression of HO-1 in palmitate-treated lipid-laden microglia, and the actions of quercetin against microglia activation accompanied by IκBα degradation were abolished by a HO-1 inhibitor. Moreover, quercetin supplementation reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines and microglia activation markers in the hypothalamus of high fat diet (HFD)-fed obese mice, which was accompanied by upregulation of HO-1. These findings indicate that quercetin suppresses microglia-mediated inflammatory responses via the induction of HO-1, and hence protects against obesity-induced hypothalamic inflammation.</description><subject>animal disease models</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Cell activation</subject><subject>Cell Culture Techniques</subject><subject>Cell Line</subject><subject>Central nervous system</subject><subject>chemokine CCL2</subject><subject>Complications</subject><subject>Conditioning</subject><subject>Culture Media, Conditioned</subject><subject>Diet, High-Fat - adverse effects</subject><subject>Dietary Fats - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Dietary Fats - adverse effects</subject><subject>energy</subject><subject>Energy balance</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects</subject><subject>Heme</subject><subject>heme oxygenase (biliverdin-producing)</subject><subject>Heme Oxygenase-1 - genetics</subject><subject>Heme Oxygenase-1 - metabolism</subject><subject>High fat diet</subject><subject>Homeostasis</subject><subject>Hypothalamus</subject><subject>Hypothalamus - pathology</subject><subject>IKappaB kinase</subject><subject>Inflammation</subject><subject>Inflammation - chemically induced</subject><subject>Inflammation - drug therapy</subject><subject>Interleukin 6</subject><subject>interleukin-1beta</subject><subject>Macrophages</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Membrane Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Membrane Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Microglia</subject><subject>Microglia - drug effects</subject><subject>Monocyte chemoattractant protein</subject><subject>Monocytes</subject><subject>neurodegenerative diseases</subject><subject>neuroglia</subject><subject>Nitric oxide</subject><subject>Obesity</subject><subject>Obesity - chemically induced</subject><subject>Obesity - complications</subject><subject>Oxidative stress</subject><subject>Oxygenase</subject><subject>palmitates</subject><subject>Palmitic acid</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Quercetin</subject><subject>Quercetin - pharmacology</subject><subject>Random Allocation</subject><subject>Rodents</subject><subject>saturated fatty acids</subject><issn>2072-6643</issn><issn>2072-6643</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkstu1DAUhiMEolXpghdAltjAInB8SZxskFAFzEitBhCsLds5mbrK2IPtVJoH4L1xaBkVNnhh_9L5_NvnUlXPKbzhvIe3fu5BQtvAo-qUgWR12wr--IE-qc5TuoFlSZAtf1qdsK4VQkB_Wv38MmO0mJ0nn2PIaHMiG4PJ5UO99sNscSCrwz7kaz3pnbNk7ccidjq74Ik5kK9YIOe35MrZGLaT0_UVDk7ncvHIhriAaR98wkRunSarTU3J7wcWo2fVk1FPCc_vz7Pq-8cP3y5W9eXm0_ri_WVtG9Hm2jAq2t5oMAgj63ocDZecCYm0t2PZWw5oG6qpKYiRWgAw23FrDR-giLPq3Z3vfjY7HCz6HPWk9tHtdDyooJ36O-LdtdqGW9U0XEoJxeDVvUEMP2ZMWe1csjhN2mOYk2JM0o72TPwfpT0t_WsE6wv68h_0JszRl0ooRqFrZNPAYvj6jip1TiniePw3BbWMgjqOQmFfPEz0SP5pPP8F1c2wlQ</recordid><startdate>20170623</startdate><enddate>20170623</enddate><creator>Yang, Jihyeon</creator><creator>Kim, Chu-Sook</creator><creator>Tu, Thai Hien</creator><creator>Kim, Min-Seon</creator><creator>Goto, Tsuyoshi</creator><creator>Kawada, Teruo</creator><creator>Choi, Myung-Sook</creator><creator>Park, Taesun</creator><creator>Sung, Mi-Kyung</creator><creator>Yun, Jong Won</creator><creator>Choe, Suck-Young</creator><creator>Lee, Jee Hye</creator><creator>Joe, Yeonsoo</creator><creator>Choi, Hye-Seon</creator><creator>Back, Sung Hoon</creator><creator>Chung, Hun Taeg</creator><creator>Yu, Rina</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7S9</scope><scope>L.6</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9752-9407</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20170623</creationdate><title>Quercetin Protects Obesity-Induced Hypothalamic Inflammation by Reducing Microglia-Mediated Inflammatory Responses via HO-1 Induction</title><author>Yang, Jihyeon ; Kim, Chu-Sook ; Tu, Thai Hien ; Kim, Min-Seon ; Goto, Tsuyoshi ; Kawada, Teruo ; Choi, Myung-Sook ; Park, Taesun ; Sung, Mi-Kyung ; Yun, Jong Won ; Choe, Suck-Young ; Lee, Jee Hye ; Joe, Yeonsoo ; Choi, Hye-Seon ; Back, Sung Hoon ; Chung, Hun Taeg ; Yu, Rina</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c546t-b21469ba0be0f289efb373247e19cf7e1630ec51a1b0beb7a4002c83ccb3d0c83</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>animal disease models</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Cell activation</topic><topic>Cell Culture Techniques</topic><topic>Cell Line</topic><topic>Central nervous system</topic><topic>chemokine CCL2</topic><topic>Complications</topic><topic>Conditioning</topic><topic>Culture Media, Conditioned</topic><topic>Diet, High-Fat - adverse effects</topic><topic>Dietary Fats - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Dietary Fats - adverse effects</topic><topic>energy</topic><topic>Energy balance</topic><topic>Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects</topic><topic>Heme</topic><topic>heme oxygenase (biliverdin-producing)</topic><topic>Heme Oxygenase-1 - genetics</topic><topic>Heme Oxygenase-1 - metabolism</topic><topic>High fat diet</topic><topic>Homeostasis</topic><topic>Hypothalamus</topic><topic>Hypothalamus - pathology</topic><topic>IKappaB kinase</topic><topic>Inflammation</topic><topic>Inflammation - chemically induced</topic><topic>Inflammation - drug therapy</topic><topic>Interleukin 6</topic><topic>interleukin-1beta</topic><topic>Macrophages</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Membrane Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Membrane Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Metabolism</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>Microglia</topic><topic>Microglia - drug effects</topic><topic>Monocyte chemoattractant protein</topic><topic>Monocytes</topic><topic>neurodegenerative diseases</topic><topic>neuroglia</topic><topic>Nitric oxide</topic><topic>Obesity</topic><topic>Obesity - chemically induced</topic><topic>Obesity - complications</topic><topic>Oxidative stress</topic><topic>Oxygenase</topic><topic>palmitates</topic><topic>Palmitic acid</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Quercetin</topic><topic>Quercetin - pharmacology</topic><topic>Random Allocation</topic><topic>Rodents</topic><topic>saturated fatty acids</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Yang, Jihyeon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Chu-Sook</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tu, Thai Hien</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Min-Seon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Goto, Tsuyoshi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kawada, Teruo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choi, Myung-Sook</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Park, Taesun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sung, Mi-Kyung</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yun, Jong Won</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choe, Suck-Young</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Jee Hye</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Joe, Yeonsoo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choi, Hye-Seon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Back, Sung Hoon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chung, Hun Taeg</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yu, Rina</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>AGRICOLA</collection><collection>AGRICOLA - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Nutrients</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Yang, Jihyeon</au><au>Kim, Chu-Sook</au><au>Tu, Thai Hien</au><au>Kim, Min-Seon</au><au>Goto, Tsuyoshi</au><au>Kawada, Teruo</au><au>Choi, Myung-Sook</au><au>Park, Taesun</au><au>Sung, Mi-Kyung</au><au>Yun, Jong Won</au><au>Choe, Suck-Young</au><au>Lee, Jee Hye</au><au>Joe, Yeonsoo</au><au>Choi, Hye-Seon</au><au>Back, Sung Hoon</au><au>Chung, Hun Taeg</au><au>Yu, Rina</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Quercetin Protects Obesity-Induced Hypothalamic Inflammation by Reducing Microglia-Mediated Inflammatory Responses via HO-1 Induction</atitle><jtitle>Nutrients</jtitle><addtitle>Nutrients</addtitle><date>2017-06-23</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>9</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>650</spage><pages>650-</pages><issn>2072-6643</issn><eissn>2072-6643</eissn><abstract>Obesity-induced hypothalamic inflammation is characterized by activation of microglia, which are resident macrophages of the central nervous system, and is implicated in the derangement of energy homeostasis, metabolic complications, and neurodegenerative diseases. Quercetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, is known to protect against oxidative stress and inflammation-related metabolic complications. Here, we demonstrate that quercetin reduces obesity-induced hypothalamic inflammation by inhibiting microglia-mediated inflammatory responses, and the beneficial action of quercetin is associated with heme oxygenase (HO-1) induction. Quercetin markedly reduced the production of inflammatory mediators (monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, interleukin (IL-6), IL-1β, nitric oxide) by microglia stimulated with saturated fatty acid palmitate and/or lipid-laden microglia-conditioned medium. Quercetin also upregulated the expression of HO-1 in palmitate-treated lipid-laden microglia, and the actions of quercetin against microglia activation accompanied by IκBα degradation were abolished by a HO-1 inhibitor. Moreover, quercetin supplementation reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines and microglia activation markers in the hypothalamus of high fat diet (HFD)-fed obese mice, which was accompanied by upregulation of HO-1. These findings indicate that quercetin suppresses microglia-mediated inflammatory responses via the induction of HO-1, and hence protects against obesity-induced hypothalamic inflammation.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>28644409</pmid><doi>10.3390/nu9070650</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9752-9407</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; PubMed Central Open Access |
| subjects | animal disease models Animals Cell activation Cell Culture Techniques Cell Line Central nervous system chemokine CCL2 Complications Conditioning Culture Media, Conditioned Diet, High-Fat - adverse effects Dietary Fats - administration & dosage Dietary Fats - adverse effects energy Energy balance Gene Expression Regulation - drug effects Heme heme oxygenase (biliverdin-producing) Heme Oxygenase-1 - genetics Heme Oxygenase-1 - metabolism High fat diet Homeostasis Hypothalamus Hypothalamus - pathology IKappaB kinase Inflammation Inflammation - chemically induced Inflammation - drug therapy Interleukin 6 interleukin-1beta Macrophages Male Membrane Proteins - genetics Membrane Proteins - metabolism Metabolism Mice Microglia Microglia - drug effects Monocyte chemoattractant protein Monocytes neurodegenerative diseases neuroglia Nitric oxide Obesity Obesity - chemically induced Obesity - complications Oxidative stress Oxygenase palmitates Palmitic acid Proteins Quercetin Quercetin - pharmacology Random Allocation Rodents saturated fatty acids |
| title | Quercetin Protects Obesity-Induced Hypothalamic Inflammation by Reducing Microglia-Mediated Inflammatory Responses via HO-1 Induction |
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