Body mass index adjustments to increase the validity of body fatness assessment in UK Black African and South Asian children
Background/Objectives: Body mass index (BMI) (weight per height 2 ) is the most widely used marker of childhood obesity and total body fatness (BF). However, its validity is limited, especially in children of South Asian and Black African origins. We aimed to quantify BMI adjustments needed for UK c...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International Journal of Obesity 2017-07, Vol.41 (7), p.1048-1055 |
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| container_title | International Journal of Obesity |
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| creator | Hudda, M T Nightingale, C M Donin, A S Fewtrell, M S Haroun, D Lum, S Williams, J E Owen, C G Rudnicka, A R Wells, J C K Cook, D G Whincup, P H |
| description | Background/Objectives:
Body mass index (BMI) (weight per height
2
) is the most widely used marker of childhood obesity and total body fatness (BF). However, its validity is limited, especially in children of South Asian and Black African origins. We aimed to quantify BMI adjustments needed for UK children of Black African and South Asian origins so that adjusted BMI related to BF in the same way as for White European children.
Methods:
We used data from four recent UK studies that made deuterium dilution BF measurements in UK children of White European, South Asian and Black African origins. A height-standardized fat mass index (FMI) was derived to represent BF. Linear regression models were then fitted, separately for boys and girls, to quantify ethnic differences in BMI–FMI relationships and to provide ethnic-specific BMI adjustments.
Results:
We restricted analyses to 4–12 year olds, to whom a single consistent FMI (fat mass per height
5
) could be applied. BMI consistently underestimated BF in South Asians, requiring positive BMI adjustments of +1.12 kg m
−
2
(95% confidence interval (CI): 0.83, 1.41 kg m
−
2
;
P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/ijo.2017.75 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_5500188</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A497654119</galeid><sourcerecordid>A497654119</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c544t-cb67b16e649eb177d195e7e74930cacc2a82d9d6b43b8db3e3869cd6c8ecc7423</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNptkt-L1DAQx4so3nr65LsEBBF016RtmvZF2Dv8hQc-6D2HNJlus7bJXZIeLvjHO2XPc1eOPITMfL7fZCaTZc8ZXTFa1O_s1q9yysRK8AfZgpWiWvKyEQ-zBS2oWFJe8ZPsSYxbSinnNH-cneR1kfOmYIvs95k3OzKqGIl1Bn4RZbZTTCO4FEnyGNQBVASSeiA3arDGph3xHWlnXaeSA5SiHLdZhAJy-ZWcDUr_JOsuWK0cUc6Q735KPVlHi2fd28EEcE-zR50aIjy73U-zy48ffpx_Xl58-_TlfH2x1Lws01K3lWhZBVXZQMuEMKzhIECUTUG10jpXdW4aU7Vl0damLaCoq0abStegtSjz4jR7v_e9mtoRjMZ3BjXIq2BHFXbSKyuPM872cuNvJLaLsrpGg9e3BsFfTxCTHG3UMAzKgZ-iRIbSmvOSIfryP3Trp-CwPMkahkhZFOIftVEDSOs6j_fq2VSu8e8qdGINUqt7KFwGRqu9g85i_Ejw6kDQgxpSH_0wJetdPAbf7EEdfIwBurtmMCrnqZI4VXKeKik40i8O-3fH_h0jBN7ugYgpt4FwUPQ9fn8AFKrWoA</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1915544337</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Body mass index adjustments to increase the validity of body fatness assessment in UK Black African and South Asian children</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals</source><source>Nature Journals Online</source><creator>Hudda, M T ; Nightingale, C M ; Donin, A S ; Fewtrell, M S ; Haroun, D ; Lum, S ; Williams, J E ; Owen, C G ; Rudnicka, A R ; Wells, J C K ; Cook, D G ; Whincup, P H</creator><creatorcontrib>Hudda, M T ; Nightingale, C M ; Donin, A S ; Fewtrell, M S ; Haroun, D ; Lum, S ; Williams, J E ; Owen, C G ; Rudnicka, A R ; Wells, J C K ; Cook, D G ; Whincup, P H</creatorcontrib><description>Background/Objectives:
Body mass index (BMI) (weight per height
2
) is the most widely used marker of childhood obesity and total body fatness (BF). However, its validity is limited, especially in children of South Asian and Black African origins. We aimed to quantify BMI adjustments needed for UK children of Black African and South Asian origins so that adjusted BMI related to BF in the same way as for White European children.
Methods:
We used data from four recent UK studies that made deuterium dilution BF measurements in UK children of White European, South Asian and Black African origins. A height-standardized fat mass index (FMI) was derived to represent BF. Linear regression models were then fitted, separately for boys and girls, to quantify ethnic differences in BMI–FMI relationships and to provide ethnic-specific BMI adjustments.
Results:
We restricted analyses to 4–12 year olds, to whom a single consistent FMI (fat mass per height
5
) could be applied. BMI consistently underestimated BF in South Asians, requiring positive BMI adjustments of +1.12 kg m
−
2
(95% confidence interval (CI): 0.83, 1.41 kg m
−
2
;
P
<0.0001) for boys and +1.07 kg m
−
2
(95% CI: 0.74, 1.39 kg m
−
2
;
P
<0.0001) for girls of all age groups and FMI levels. BMI overestimated BF in Black Africans, requiring negative BMI adjustments for Black African children. However, these were complex because there were statistically significant interactions between Black African ethnicity and FMI (
P
=0.004 boys;
P
=0.003 girls) and also between FMI and age group (
P
<0.0001 for boys and girls). BMI adjustments therefore varied by age group and FMI level (and indirectly BMI); the largest adjustments were in younger children with higher unadjusted BMI and the smallest in older children with lower unadjusted BMI.
Conclusions:
BMI underestimated BF in South Asians and overestimated BF in Black Africans. Ethnic-specific adjustments, increasing BMI in South Asians and reducing BMI in Black Africans, can improve the accuracy of BF assessment in these children.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0307-0565</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1476-5497</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.75</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28325931</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>692/308/174 ; 692/699/1702/393 ; 692/700/139/2818 ; 692/700/2817 ; Adipose Tissue ; Adiposity - ethnology ; Age ; Asian people ; Asians ; Blacks ; Body fat ; Body mass ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Children ; Children & youth ; Confidence intervals ; Deuterium ; Dilution ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Girls ; Health aspects ; Health Promotion and Disease Prevention ; Humans ; Internal Medicine ; Male ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Metabolic Diseases ; Minority & ethnic groups ; Original ; original-article ; Origins ; Pediatric Obesity - diagnosis ; Pediatric Obesity - prevention & control ; Public Health ; Reference Standards ; Regression analysis ; Reproducibility of Results ; Statistical analysis ; United Kingdom</subject><ispartof>International Journal of Obesity, 2017-07, Vol.41 (7), p.1048-1055</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2017</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2017 Nature Publishing Group</rights><rights>Copyright Nature Publishing Group Jul 2017</rights><rights>Copyright © 2017 The Author(s) 2017 The Author(s)</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c544t-cb67b16e649eb177d195e7e74930cacc2a82d9d6b43b8db3e3869cd6c8ecc7423</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c544t-cb67b16e649eb177d195e7e74930cacc2a82d9d6b43b8db3e3869cd6c8ecc7423</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1038/ijo.2017.75$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1038/ijo.2017.75$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28325931$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hudda, M T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nightingale, C M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Donin, A S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fewtrell, M S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Haroun, D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lum, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Williams, J E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Owen, C G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rudnicka, A R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wells, J C K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cook, D G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Whincup, P H</creatorcontrib><title>Body mass index adjustments to increase the validity of body fatness assessment in UK Black African and South Asian children</title><title>International Journal of Obesity</title><addtitle>Int J Obes</addtitle><addtitle>Int J Obes (Lond)</addtitle><description>Background/Objectives:
Body mass index (BMI) (weight per height
2
) is the most widely used marker of childhood obesity and total body fatness (BF). However, its validity is limited, especially in children of South Asian and Black African origins. We aimed to quantify BMI adjustments needed for UK children of Black African and South Asian origins so that adjusted BMI related to BF in the same way as for White European children.
Methods:
We used data from four recent UK studies that made deuterium dilution BF measurements in UK children of White European, South Asian and Black African origins. A height-standardized fat mass index (FMI) was derived to represent BF. Linear regression models were then fitted, separately for boys and girls, to quantify ethnic differences in BMI–FMI relationships and to provide ethnic-specific BMI adjustments.
Results:
We restricted analyses to 4–12 year olds, to whom a single consistent FMI (fat mass per height
5
) could be applied. BMI consistently underestimated BF in South Asians, requiring positive BMI adjustments of +1.12 kg m
−
2
(95% confidence interval (CI): 0.83, 1.41 kg m
−
2
;
P
<0.0001) for boys and +1.07 kg m
−
2
(95% CI: 0.74, 1.39 kg m
−
2
;
P
<0.0001) for girls of all age groups and FMI levels. BMI overestimated BF in Black Africans, requiring negative BMI adjustments for Black African children. However, these were complex because there were statistically significant interactions between Black African ethnicity and FMI (
P
=0.004 boys;
P
=0.003 girls) and also between FMI and age group (
P
<0.0001 for boys and girls). BMI adjustments therefore varied by age group and FMI level (and indirectly BMI); the largest adjustments were in younger children with higher unadjusted BMI and the smallest in older children with lower unadjusted BMI.
Conclusions:
BMI underestimated BF in South Asians and overestimated BF in Black Africans. Ethnic-specific adjustments, increasing BMI in South Asians and reducing BMI in Black Africans, can improve the accuracy of BF assessment in these children.</description><subject>692/308/174</subject><subject>692/699/1702/393</subject><subject>692/700/139/2818</subject><subject>692/700/2817</subject><subject>Adipose Tissue</subject><subject>Adiposity - ethnology</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Asian people</subject><subject>Asians</subject><subject>Blacks</subject><subject>Body fat</subject><subject>Body mass</subject><subject>Body Mass Index</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Children & youth</subject><subject>Confidence intervals</subject><subject>Deuterium</subject><subject>Dilution</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Girls</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Health Promotion and Disease Prevention</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Internal Medicine</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Metabolic Diseases</subject><subject>Minority & ethnic groups</subject><subject>Original</subject><subject>original-article</subject><subject>Origins</subject><subject>Pediatric Obesity - diagnosis</subject><subject>Pediatric Obesity - prevention & control</subject><subject>Public Health</subject><subject>Reference Standards</subject><subject>Regression analysis</subject><subject>Reproducibility of Results</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>United Kingdom</subject><issn>0307-0565</issn><issn>1476-5497</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>C6C</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNptkt-L1DAQx4so3nr65LsEBBF016RtmvZF2Dv8hQc-6D2HNJlus7bJXZIeLvjHO2XPc1eOPITMfL7fZCaTZc8ZXTFa1O_s1q9yysRK8AfZgpWiWvKyEQ-zBS2oWFJe8ZPsSYxbSinnNH-cneR1kfOmYIvs95k3OzKqGIl1Bn4RZbZTTCO4FEnyGNQBVASSeiA3arDGph3xHWlnXaeSA5SiHLdZhAJy-ZWcDUr_JOsuWK0cUc6Q735KPVlHi2fd28EEcE-zR50aIjy73U-zy48ffpx_Xl58-_TlfH2x1Lws01K3lWhZBVXZQMuEMKzhIECUTUG10jpXdW4aU7Vl0damLaCoq0abStegtSjz4jR7v_e9mtoRjMZ3BjXIq2BHFXbSKyuPM872cuNvJLaLsrpGg9e3BsFfTxCTHG3UMAzKgZ-iRIbSmvOSIfryP3Trp-CwPMkahkhZFOIftVEDSOs6j_fq2VSu8e8qdGINUqt7KFwGRqu9g85i_Ejw6kDQgxpSH_0wJetdPAbf7EEdfIwBurtmMCrnqZI4VXKeKik40i8O-3fH_h0jBN7ugYgpt4FwUPQ9fn8AFKrWoA</recordid><startdate>20170701</startdate><enddate>20170701</enddate><creator>Hudda, M T</creator><creator>Nightingale, C M</creator><creator>Donin, A S</creator><creator>Fewtrell, M S</creator><creator>Haroun, D</creator><creator>Lum, S</creator><creator>Williams, J E</creator><creator>Owen, C G</creator><creator>Rudnicka, A R</creator><creator>Wells, J C K</creator><creator>Cook, D G</creator><creator>Whincup, P H</creator><general>Nature Publishing Group UK</general><general>Nature Publishing Group</general><scope>C6C</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20170701</creationdate><title>Body mass index adjustments to increase the validity of body fatness assessment in UK Black African and South Asian children</title><author>Hudda, M T ; Nightingale, C M ; Donin, A S ; Fewtrell, M S ; Haroun, D ; Lum, S ; Williams, J E ; Owen, C G ; Rudnicka, A R ; Wells, J C K ; Cook, D G ; Whincup, P H</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c544t-cb67b16e649eb177d195e7e74930cacc2a82d9d6b43b8db3e3869cd6c8ecc7423</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>692/308/174</topic><topic>692/699/1702/393</topic><topic>692/700/139/2818</topic><topic>692/700/2817</topic><topic>Adipose Tissue</topic><topic>Adiposity - ethnology</topic><topic>Age</topic><topic>Asian people</topic><topic>Asians</topic><topic>Blacks</topic><topic>Body fat</topic><topic>Body mass</topic><topic>Body Mass Index</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Children</topic><topic>Children & youth</topic><topic>Confidence intervals</topic><topic>Deuterium</topic><topic>Dilution</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Girls</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Health Promotion and Disease Prevention</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Internal Medicine</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Metabolic Diseases</topic><topic>Minority & ethnic groups</topic><topic>Original</topic><topic>original-article</topic><topic>Origins</topic><topic>Pediatric Obesity - diagnosis</topic><topic>Pediatric Obesity - prevention & control</topic><topic>Public Health</topic><topic>Reference Standards</topic><topic>Regression analysis</topic><topic>Reproducibility of Results</topic><topic>Statistical analysis</topic><topic>United Kingdom</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hudda, M T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nightingale, C M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Donin, A S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fewtrell, M S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Haroun, D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lum, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Williams, J E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Owen, C G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rudnicka, A R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wells, J C K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cook, D G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Whincup, P H</creatorcontrib><collection>Springer Nature OA Free Journals</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Psychology</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>International Journal of Obesity</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hudda, M T</au><au>Nightingale, C M</au><au>Donin, A S</au><au>Fewtrell, M S</au><au>Haroun, D</au><au>Lum, S</au><au>Williams, J E</au><au>Owen, C G</au><au>Rudnicka, A R</au><au>Wells, J C K</au><au>Cook, D G</au><au>Whincup, P H</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Body mass index adjustments to increase the validity of body fatness assessment in UK Black African and South Asian children</atitle><jtitle>International Journal of Obesity</jtitle><stitle>Int J Obes</stitle><addtitle>Int J Obes (Lond)</addtitle><date>2017-07-01</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>41</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>1048</spage><epage>1055</epage><pages>1048-1055</pages><issn>0307-0565</issn><eissn>1476-5497</eissn><abstract>Background/Objectives:
Body mass index (BMI) (weight per height
2
) is the most widely used marker of childhood obesity and total body fatness (BF). However, its validity is limited, especially in children of South Asian and Black African origins. We aimed to quantify BMI adjustments needed for UK children of Black African and South Asian origins so that adjusted BMI related to BF in the same way as for White European children.
Methods:
We used data from four recent UK studies that made deuterium dilution BF measurements in UK children of White European, South Asian and Black African origins. A height-standardized fat mass index (FMI) was derived to represent BF. Linear regression models were then fitted, separately for boys and girls, to quantify ethnic differences in BMI–FMI relationships and to provide ethnic-specific BMI adjustments.
Results:
We restricted analyses to 4–12 year olds, to whom a single consistent FMI (fat mass per height
5
) could be applied. BMI consistently underestimated BF in South Asians, requiring positive BMI adjustments of +1.12 kg m
−
2
(95% confidence interval (CI): 0.83, 1.41 kg m
−
2
;
P
<0.0001) for boys and +1.07 kg m
−
2
(95% CI: 0.74, 1.39 kg m
−
2
;
P
<0.0001) for girls of all age groups and FMI levels. BMI overestimated BF in Black Africans, requiring negative BMI adjustments for Black African children. However, these were complex because there were statistically significant interactions between Black African ethnicity and FMI (
P
=0.004 boys;
P
=0.003 girls) and also between FMI and age group (
P
<0.0001 for boys and girls). BMI adjustments therefore varied by age group and FMI level (and indirectly BMI); the largest adjustments were in younger children with higher unadjusted BMI and the smallest in older children with lower unadjusted BMI.
Conclusions:
BMI underestimated BF in South Asians and overestimated BF in Black Africans. Ethnic-specific adjustments, increasing BMI in South Asians and reducing BMI in Black Africans, can improve the accuracy of BF assessment in these children.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>28325931</pmid><doi>10.1038/ijo.2017.75</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | International Journal of Obesity, 2017-07, Vol.41 (7), p.1048-1055 |
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| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Springer Nature - Complete Springer Journals; Nature Journals Online |
| subjects | 692/308/174 692/699/1702/393 692/700/139/2818 692/700/2817 Adipose Tissue Adiposity - ethnology Age Asian people Asians Blacks Body fat Body mass Body Mass Index Child Child, Preschool Children Children & youth Confidence intervals Deuterium Dilution Epidemiology Female Girls Health aspects Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Humans Internal Medicine Male Medicine Medicine & Public Health Metabolic Diseases Minority & ethnic groups Original original-article Origins Pediatric Obesity - diagnosis Pediatric Obesity - prevention & control Public Health Reference Standards Regression analysis Reproducibility of Results Statistical analysis United Kingdom |
| title | Body mass index adjustments to increase the validity of body fatness assessment in UK Black African and South Asian children |
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