Opt-Out HIV Testing of Inmates in North Carolina Prisons: Factors Associated with not Wanting a Test and not Knowing They Were Tested
Opt-out HIV testing is recommended for correctional settings but may occur without inmates’ knowledge or against their wishes. Through surveying inmates receiving opt-out testing in a large prison system, we estimated the proportion unaware of being tested or not wanting a test, and associations [pr...
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Veröffentlicht in: | AIDS and behavior 2016-04, Vol.20 (4), p.859-869 |
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description | Opt-out HIV testing is recommended for correctional settings but may occur without inmates’ knowledge or against their wishes. Through surveying inmates receiving opt-out testing in a large prison system, we estimated the proportion unaware of being tested or not wanting a test, and associations [prevalence ratios (PRs)] with inmate characteristics. Of 871 tested, 11.8 % were unknowingly tested and 10.8 % had unwanted tests. Not attending an educational HIV course [PR = 2.34, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.47–3.74], lower HIV knowledge (PR = 0.95, 95 % CI 0.91–0.98), and thinking testing is not mandatory (PR = 9.84, 95 % CI 4.93–19.67) were associated with unawareness of testing. No prior incarcerations (PR = 1.59, 95 % CI 1.03–2.46) and not using crack/cocaine recently (PR = 2.37, 95 % CI 1.21–4.64) were associated with unwanted testing. Residence at specific facilities was associated with both outcomes. Increased assessment of inmate understanding and enhanced implementation are needed to ensure inmates receive full benefits of opt-out testing: being informed and tested according to their wishes. |
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Through surveying inmates receiving opt-out testing in a large prison system, we estimated the proportion unaware of being tested or not wanting a test, and associations [prevalence ratios (PRs)] with inmate characteristics. Of 871 tested, 11.8 % were unknowingly tested and 10.8 % had unwanted tests. Not attending an educational HIV course [PR = 2.34, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.47–3.74], lower HIV knowledge (PR = 0.95, 95 % CI 0.91–0.98), and thinking testing is not mandatory (PR = 9.84, 95 % CI 4.93–19.67) were associated with unawareness of testing. No prior incarcerations (PR = 1.59, 95 % CI 1.03–2.46) and not using crack/cocaine recently (PR = 2.37, 95 % CI 1.21–4.64) were associated with unwanted testing. Residence at specific facilities was associated with both outcomes. Increased assessment of inmate understanding and enhanced implementation are needed to ensure inmates receive full benefits of opt-out testing: being informed and tested according to their wishes.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1090-7165</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-3254</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10461-015-1203-y</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26386591</identifier><identifier>CODEN: AIBEFC</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Springer US</publisher><subject>Acquired immune deficiency syndrome ; AIDS ; Cocaine ; Confidence intervals ; Correctional system ; Diagnostic tests ; Health behavior ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Health Psychology ; HIV ; HIV Infections - diagnosis ; HIV Infections - prevention & control ; HIV Infections - psychology ; Human immunodeficiency virus ; Humans ; Infectious Diseases ; Informed Consent ; Knowledge ; Mandatory Testing ; Mass Screening ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Middle Aged ; North Carolina ; Original Paper ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care ; Prevalence ; Prisoners ; Prisons ; Public Health ; Refusal to Participate ; Residence ; Surveying ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Voluntary Programs</subject><ispartof>AIDS and behavior, 2016-04, Vol.20 (4), p.859-869</ispartof><rights>Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015</rights><rights>Springer Science+Business Media New York 2016</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c503t-c81b997c436b4d360c0942667d791dcecc337cbbbfc60fb585b498b5523ef8b23</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c503t-c81b997c436b4d360c0942667d791dcecc337cbbbfc60fb585b498b5523ef8b23</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10461-015-1203-y$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10461-015-1203-y$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,27344,27924,27925,33774,41488,42557,51319</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26386591$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Grodensky, Catherine A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rosen, David L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hino, Sayaka</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Golin, Carol E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wohl, David A.</creatorcontrib><title>Opt-Out HIV Testing of Inmates in North Carolina Prisons: Factors Associated with not Wanting a Test and not Knowing They Were Tested</title><title>AIDS and behavior</title><addtitle>AIDS Behav</addtitle><addtitle>AIDS Behav</addtitle><description>Opt-out HIV testing is recommended for correctional settings but may occur without inmates’ knowledge or against their wishes. Through surveying inmates receiving opt-out testing in a large prison system, we estimated the proportion unaware of being tested or not wanting a test, and associations [prevalence ratios (PRs)] with inmate characteristics. Of 871 tested, 11.8 % were unknowingly tested and 10.8 % had unwanted tests. Not attending an educational HIV course [PR = 2.34, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.47–3.74], lower HIV knowledge (PR = 0.95, 95 % CI 0.91–0.98), and thinking testing is not mandatory (PR = 9.84, 95 % CI 4.93–19.67) were associated with unawareness of testing. No prior incarcerations (PR = 1.59, 95 % CI 1.03–2.46) and not using crack/cocaine recently (PR = 2.37, 95 % CI 1.21–4.64) were associated with unwanted testing. Residence at specific facilities was associated with both outcomes. Increased assessment of inmate understanding and enhanced implementation are needed to ensure inmates receive full benefits of opt-out testing: being informed and tested according to their wishes.</description><subject>Acquired immune deficiency syndrome</subject><subject>AIDS</subject><subject>Cocaine</subject><subject>Confidence intervals</subject><subject>Correctional system</subject><subject>Diagnostic tests</subject><subject>Health behavior</subject><subject>Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice</subject><subject>Health Psychology</subject><subject>HIV</subject><subject>HIV Infections - diagnosis</subject><subject>HIV Infections - prevention & control</subject><subject>HIV Infections - psychology</subject><subject>Human immunodeficiency virus</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infectious Diseases</subject><subject>Informed Consent</subject><subject>Knowledge</subject><subject>Mandatory Testing</subject><subject>Mass Screening</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine & Public Health</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>North Carolina</subject><subject>Original Paper</subject><subject>Patient Acceptance of Health Care</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Prisoners</subject><subject>Prisons</subject><subject>Public Health</subject><subject>Refusal to Participate</subject><subject>Residence</subject><subject>Surveying</subject><subject>Surveys and Questionnaires</subject><subject>Voluntary Programs</subject><issn>1090-7165</issn><issn>1573-3254</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>BHHNA</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkk9vFCEYxidGY2v1A3gxJF68oDD8GzyYNBtrNzauh9UeCTDMLs0sbGHGZj9Av3fZ2dpUExNPkPf5vQ8v8FTVa4zeY4TEh4wR5RgizCCuEYG7J9UxZoJAUjP6tOyRRFBgzo6qFzlfIYQkF_J5dVRz0nAm8XF1u9gOcDEO4Hz-EyxdHnxYgdiBedjowWXgA_gW07AGM51i74MG35PPMeSP4EzbIaYMTnOO1he6BTe-kCEO4FKHyUlPnkCHdip_DfFmX16u3Q5cuuQm2bUvq2ed7rN7db-eVD_OPi9n5_Bi8WU-O72AliEyQNtgI6WwlHBDW8KRRZLWnItWSNxaZy0hwhpjOstRZ1jDDJWNYawmrmtMTU6qTwff7Wg2rnSEIelebZPf6LRTUXv1pxL8Wq3iL8VoIwnDxeDdvUGK12OZXW18tq7vdXBxzAqLBrG6QaT5D1RQRjBlvKBv_0Kv4phCeYmJqsuvYVIofKBsijkn1z3MjZHa50Ed8qBKHtQ-D2pXet48vvBDx-8AFKA-ALlIYeXSo6P_6XoH9RPBVw</recordid><startdate>20160401</startdate><enddate>20160401</enddate><creator>Grodensky, Catherine A.</creator><creator>Rosen, David L.</creator><creator>Hino, Sayaka</creator><creator>Golin, Carol E.</creator><creator>Wohl, David A.</creator><general>Springer US</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>0-V</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7U3</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>8AM</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ALSLI</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGRYB</scope><scope>BHHNA</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HEHIP</scope><scope>K7.</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0O</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M2S</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7U2</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20160401</creationdate><title>Opt-Out HIV Testing of Inmates in North Carolina Prisons: Factors Associated with not Wanting a Test and not Knowing They Were Tested</title><author>Grodensky, Catherine A. ; Rosen, David L. ; Hino, Sayaka ; Golin, Carol E. ; Wohl, David A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c503t-c81b997c436b4d360c0942667d791dcecc337cbbbfc60fb585b498b5523ef8b23</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Acquired immune deficiency syndrome</topic><topic>AIDS</topic><topic>Cocaine</topic><topic>Confidence intervals</topic><topic>Correctional system</topic><topic>Diagnostic tests</topic><topic>Health behavior</topic><topic>Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice</topic><topic>Health Psychology</topic><topic>HIV</topic><topic>HIV Infections - diagnosis</topic><topic>HIV Infections - prevention & control</topic><topic>HIV Infections - psychology</topic><topic>Human immunodeficiency virus</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infectious Diseases</topic><topic>Informed Consent</topic><topic>Knowledge</topic><topic>Mandatory Testing</topic><topic>Mass Screening</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine & Public Health</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>North Carolina</topic><topic>Original Paper</topic><topic>Patient Acceptance of Health Care</topic><topic>Prevalence</topic><topic>Prisoners</topic><topic>Prisons</topic><topic>Public Health</topic><topic>Refusal to Participate</topic><topic>Residence</topic><topic>Surveying</topic><topic>Surveys and Questionnaires</topic><topic>Voluntary Programs</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Grodensky, Catherine A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rosen, David L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hino, Sayaka</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Golin, Carol E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wohl, David A.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Social Sciences Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Social Services Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>Criminal Justice Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Social Science Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Criminology Collection</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Sociology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Criminal Justice (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Criminal Justice Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Psychology Database</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Sociology Database</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Safety Science and Risk</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>AIDS and behavior</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Grodensky, Catherine A.</au><au>Rosen, David L.</au><au>Hino, Sayaka</au><au>Golin, Carol E.</au><au>Wohl, David A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Opt-Out HIV Testing of Inmates in North Carolina Prisons: Factors Associated with not Wanting a Test and not Knowing They Were Tested</atitle><jtitle>AIDS and behavior</jtitle><stitle>AIDS Behav</stitle><addtitle>AIDS Behav</addtitle><date>2016-04-01</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>20</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>859</spage><epage>869</epage><pages>859-869</pages><issn>1090-7165</issn><eissn>1573-3254</eissn><coden>AIBEFC</coden><abstract>Opt-out HIV testing is recommended for correctional settings but may occur without inmates’ knowledge or against their wishes. Through surveying inmates receiving opt-out testing in a large prison system, we estimated the proportion unaware of being tested or not wanting a test, and associations [prevalence ratios (PRs)] with inmate characteristics. Of 871 tested, 11.8 % were unknowingly tested and 10.8 % had unwanted tests. Not attending an educational HIV course [PR = 2.34, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.47–3.74], lower HIV knowledge (PR = 0.95, 95 % CI 0.91–0.98), and thinking testing is not mandatory (PR = 9.84, 95 % CI 4.93–19.67) were associated with unawareness of testing. No prior incarcerations (PR = 1.59, 95 % CI 1.03–2.46) and not using crack/cocaine recently (PR = 2.37, 95 % CI 1.21–4.64) were associated with unwanted testing. Residence at specific facilities was associated with both outcomes. Increased assessment of inmate understanding and enhanced implementation are needed to ensure inmates receive full benefits of opt-out testing: being informed and tested according to their wishes.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Springer US</pub><pmid>26386591</pmid><doi>10.1007/s10461-015-1203-y</doi><tpages>11</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Acquired immune deficiency syndrome AIDS Cocaine Confidence intervals Correctional system Diagnostic tests Health behavior Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice Health Psychology HIV HIV Infections - diagnosis HIV Infections - prevention & control HIV Infections - psychology Human immunodeficiency virus Humans Infectious Diseases Informed Consent Knowledge Mandatory Testing Mass Screening Medicine Medicine & Public Health Middle Aged North Carolina Original Paper Patient Acceptance of Health Care Prevalence Prisoners Prisons Public Health Refusal to Participate Residence Surveying Surveys and Questionnaires Voluntary Programs |
title | Opt-Out HIV Testing of Inmates in North Carolina Prisons: Factors Associated with not Wanting a Test and not Knowing They Were Tested |
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