Understanding the Challenges of Improving Sanitation and Hygiene Outcomes in a Community Based Intervention: A Cross-Sectional Study in Rural Tanzania
Good sanitation and clean water are basic human rights yet they remain elusive to many rural communities in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We carried out a cross sectional study to examine the impact of a four-year intervention aimed at improving access to water and sanitation and reducing waterborne dis...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | International journal of environmental research and public health 2017-06, Vol.14 (6), p.602 |
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| creator | Kamara, Joseph Kihika Galukande, Moses Maeda, Florence Luboga, Sam Renzaho, Andre M N |
| description | Good sanitation and clean water are basic human rights yet they remain elusive to many rural communities in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We carried out a cross sectional study to examine the impact of a four-year intervention aimed at improving access to water and sanitation and reducing waterborne disease, especially diarrhea in children under five years old. The study was carried out in April and May 2015 in Busangi, Chela and Ntobo wards of Kahama District of Tanzania. The interventions included education campaigns and improved water supply, and sanitation. The percentage of households (HHs) with access to water within 30 min increased from 19.2 to 48.9 and 17.6 to 27.3 in the wet and dry seasons, respectively. The percentage of HHs with hand washing facilities at the latrine increased from 0% to 13.2%. However, the incidence of diarrhea among children under five years increased over the intervention period, RR 2.91 95% CI 2.71-3.11,
< 0.0001. Availability of water alone may not influence the incidence of waterborne diseases. Factors such as water storage and usage, safe excreta disposal and other hygiene practices are critical for interventions negating the spread of water borne diseases. A model that articulates the extent to which these factors are helpful for such interventions should be explored. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ijerph14060602 |
| format | Article |
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< 0.0001. Availability of water alone may not influence the incidence of waterborne diseases. Factors such as water storage and usage, safe excreta disposal and other hygiene practices are critical for interventions negating the spread of water borne diseases. A model that articulates the extent to which these factors are helpful for such interventions should be explored.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1661-7827</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1660-4601</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14060602</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28587248</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Children ; Cholera ; Citizen participation ; Community-Based Participatory Research ; Cost analysis ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diarrhea ; Drinking water ; Female ; Health Behavior ; Households ; Human rights ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Hygiene - standards ; Incidence ; Intervention ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Population ; Public health ; Rural areas ; Rural communities ; Rural Population ; Sanitation ; Sanitation - standards ; Social sciences ; Studies ; Tanzania ; Water availability ; Water storage ; Water supply ; Waterborne diseases ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>International journal of environmental research and public health, 2017-06, Vol.14 (6), p.602</ispartof><rights>2017. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>2017 by the authors. 2017</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-1e3110380b278e09a447f73797e494f0a24669237a5f505c10865c53315923573</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-1e3110380b278e09a447f73797e494f0a24669237a5f505c10865c53315923573</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-6844-0833</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5486288/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5486288/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,724,777,781,882,27905,27906,53772,53774</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28587248$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kamara, Joseph Kihika</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Galukande, Moses</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maeda, Florence</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Luboga, Sam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Renzaho, Andre M N</creatorcontrib><title>Understanding the Challenges of Improving Sanitation and Hygiene Outcomes in a Community Based Intervention: A Cross-Sectional Study in Rural Tanzania</title><title>International journal of environmental research and public health</title><addtitle>Int J Environ Res Public Health</addtitle><description>Good sanitation and clean water are basic human rights yet they remain elusive to many rural communities in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We carried out a cross sectional study to examine the impact of a four-year intervention aimed at improving access to water and sanitation and reducing waterborne disease, especially diarrhea in children under five years old. The study was carried out in April and May 2015 in Busangi, Chela and Ntobo wards of Kahama District of Tanzania. The interventions included education campaigns and improved water supply, and sanitation. The percentage of households (HHs) with access to water within 30 min increased from 19.2 to 48.9 and 17.6 to 27.3 in the wet and dry seasons, respectively. The percentage of HHs with hand washing facilities at the latrine increased from 0% to 13.2%. However, the incidence of diarrhea among children under five years increased over the intervention period, RR 2.91 95% CI 2.71-3.11,
< 0.0001. Availability of water alone may not influence the incidence of waterborne diseases. Factors such as water storage and usage, safe excreta disposal and other hygiene practices are critical for interventions negating the spread of water borne diseases. 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Galukande, Moses ; Maeda, Florence ; Luboga, Sam ; Renzaho, Andre M N</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c418t-1e3110380b278e09a447f73797e494f0a24669237a5f505c10865c53315923573</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Children</topic><topic>Cholera</topic><topic>Citizen participation</topic><topic>Community-Based Participatory Research</topic><topic>Cost analysis</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Diarrhea</topic><topic>Drinking water</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Health Behavior</topic><topic>Households</topic><topic>Human rights</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hygiene</topic><topic>Hygiene - standards</topic><topic>Incidence</topic><topic>Intervention</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Population</topic><topic>Public health</topic><topic>Rural areas</topic><topic>Rural communities</topic><topic>Rural Population</topic><topic>Sanitation</topic><topic>Sanitation - standards</topic><topic>Social sciences</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Tanzania</topic><topic>Water availability</topic><topic>Water storage</topic><topic>Water supply</topic><topic>Waterborne diseases</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kamara, Joseph Kihika</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Galukande, Moses</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Maeda, Florence</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Luboga, Sam</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Renzaho, Andre M N</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>International journal of environmental research and public health</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kamara, Joseph Kihika</au><au>Galukande, Moses</au><au>Maeda, Florence</au><au>Luboga, Sam</au><au>Renzaho, Andre M N</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Understanding the Challenges of Improving Sanitation and Hygiene Outcomes in a Community Based Intervention: A Cross-Sectional Study in Rural Tanzania</atitle><jtitle>International journal of environmental research and public health</jtitle><addtitle>Int J Environ Res Public Health</addtitle><date>2017-06-05</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>14</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>602</spage><pages>602-</pages><issn>1660-4601</issn><issn>1661-7827</issn><eissn>1660-4601</eissn><abstract>Good sanitation and clean water are basic human rights yet they remain elusive to many rural communities in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). 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< 0.0001. Availability of water alone may not influence the incidence of waterborne diseases. Factors such as water storage and usage, safe excreta disposal and other hygiene practices are critical for interventions negating the spread of water borne diseases. A model that articulates the extent to which these factors are helpful for such interventions should be explored.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>28587248</pmid><doi>10.3390/ijerph14060602</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6844-0833</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adolescent Adult Aged Child Children Cholera Citizen participation Community-Based Participatory Research Cost analysis Cross-Sectional Studies Diarrhea Drinking water Female Health Behavior Households Human rights Humans Hygiene Hygiene - standards Incidence Intervention Male Middle Aged Population Public health Rural areas Rural communities Rural Population Sanitation Sanitation - standards Social sciences Studies Tanzania Water availability Water storage Water supply Waterborne diseases Young Adult |
| title | Understanding the Challenges of Improving Sanitation and Hygiene Outcomes in a Community Based Intervention: A Cross-Sectional Study in Rural Tanzania |
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