Young child poverty in the United States: Analyzing trends in poverty and the role of anti-poverty programs using the Supplemental Poverty Measure
Between 1968 and 2013, the poverty rate of young children age 0 to 5years fell by nearly one third, in large part because of the role played by anti-poverty programs. However, young children in the U.S. still face a much higher rate of poverty than do older children in the U.S. They also continue to...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Children and youth services review 2017-03, Vol.74, p.35-49 |
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description | Between 1968 and 2013, the poverty rate of young children age 0 to 5years fell by nearly one third, in large part because of the role played by anti-poverty programs. However, young children in the U.S. still face a much higher rate of poverty than do older children in the U.S. They also continue to have a much higher poverty rate than do young children in other developed countries around the world. In this paper, we provide a detailed analysis of trends in poverty and the role of anti-poverty programs in addressing poverty among young children, using an improved measure of poverty, the Supplemental Poverty Measure. We examine changes over time and the current status, both for young children overall and for key subgroups (by child age, and by child race/ethnicity). Our findings can be summarized in three key points. First, poverty among all young children age 0–5years has fallen since the beginning of our time series; but absent the safety net, today's poverty rate among young children would be identical to or higher than it was in 1968. Second, the safety net plays an increasing role in reducing the poverty of young children, especially among Black non-Hispanic children, whose poverty rate would otherwise be 20.8 percentage points higher in 2013. Third, the composition of support has changed from virtually all cash transfers in 1968, to about one third each of cash, credit and in-kind transfers today.
•Poverty among young children age 0–5years has fallen since 1968.•Absent the safety net, the poverty rate among young children would not have improved.•The composition of support has changed. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.01.022 |
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•Poverty among young children age 0–5years has fallen since 1968.•Absent the safety net, the poverty rate among young children would not have improved.•The composition of support has changed.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0190-7409</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-7765</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.01.022</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28659652</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Age ; Antipoverty programs ; Child poverty ; Children ; Children & youth ; Developed countries ; Ethnicity ; Hispanic Americans ; Industrialized nations ; Older children ; Poverty ; Race ; Social services ; Time series ; Trends</subject><ispartof>Children and youth services review, 2017-03, Vol.74, p.35-49</ispartof><rights>2017 Elsevier Ltd</rights><rights>Copyright Elsevier Science Ltd. Mar 2017</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c507t-3b68457729dd36b2fd48ec5f896b624b3e00bcdcae14448993236ffa89b3d16c3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c507t-3b68457729dd36b2fd48ec5f896b624b3e00bcdcae14448993236ffa89b3d16c3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.01.022$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,3550,27924,27925,30999,33774,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28659652$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Pac, Jessica</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nam, Jaehyun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Waldfogel, Jane</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wimer, Chris</creatorcontrib><title>Young child poverty in the United States: Analyzing trends in poverty and the role of anti-poverty programs using the Supplemental Poverty Measure</title><title>Children and youth services review</title><addtitle>Child Youth Serv Rev</addtitle><description>Between 1968 and 2013, the poverty rate of young children age 0 to 5years fell by nearly one third, in large part because of the role played by anti-poverty programs. However, young children in the U.S. still face a much higher rate of poverty than do older children in the U.S. They also continue to have a much higher poverty rate than do young children in other developed countries around the world. In this paper, we provide a detailed analysis of trends in poverty and the role of anti-poverty programs in addressing poverty among young children, using an improved measure of poverty, the Supplemental Poverty Measure. We examine changes over time and the current status, both for young children overall and for key subgroups (by child age, and by child race/ethnicity). Our findings can be summarized in three key points. First, poverty among all young children age 0–5years has fallen since the beginning of our time series; but absent the safety net, today's poverty rate among young children would be identical to or higher than it was in 1968. Second, the safety net plays an increasing role in reducing the poverty of young children, especially among Black non-Hispanic children, whose poverty rate would otherwise be 20.8 percentage points higher in 2013. Third, the composition of support has changed from virtually all cash transfers in 1968, to about one third each of cash, credit and in-kind transfers today.
•Poverty among young children age 0–5years has fallen since 1968.•Absent the safety net, the poverty rate among young children would not have improved.•The composition of support has changed.</description><subject>Age</subject><subject>Antipoverty programs</subject><subject>Child poverty</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Children & youth</subject><subject>Developed countries</subject><subject>Ethnicity</subject><subject>Hispanic Americans</subject><subject>Industrialized nations</subject><subject>Older children</subject><subject>Poverty</subject><subject>Race</subject><subject>Social services</subject><subject>Time series</subject><subject>Trends</subject><issn>0190-7409</issn><issn>1873-7765</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><sourceid>BHHNA</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkctu1DAUhiMEokPhFZAlNmwSfIuTsEBqKwpIRSCVLlhZjn0y41ESB9sZaXiMPjGeW7lsWNnW-f7_HJ8_yxDBBcFEvFkXemV7s3VzXBUUk6rApMCUPsoWpK5YXlWifJwtMGlwXnHcnGXPQlhjjEtR0qfZGa1F2aTrIrv_7uZxifZ2aHIb8HGL7IjiCtDdaCMYdBtVhPAWXYyq3_60iY4eRhN22EmhRrOXeNcDcl16R5ufipN3S6-GgOawVyfudp6mHgYYo-rR1yP3GVSYPTzPnnSqD_DieJ5nd9fvv119zG--fPh0dXGT6xJXMWetqHlZVbQxhomWdobXoMuubkQrKG8ZYNxqoxUQznndNIwy0XWqblpmiNDsPHt38J3mdgCj0zBe9XLydlB-K52y8u_KaFdy6Tay5DUnQiSD10cD737MEKIcbNDQ92oENwdJGpJIwTlL6Kt_0LWbfVpokBTTijLCWZmo-kBp70Lw0D0MQ7DcBS_X8nfwche8xESm4JP05Z-feRCekk7A5QGAtNKNBS-DtjBqMNaDjtI4-_8uvwAsAciM</recordid><startdate>20170301</startdate><enddate>20170301</enddate><creator>Pac, Jessica</creator><creator>Nam, Jaehyun</creator><creator>Waldfogel, Jane</creator><creator>Wimer, Chris</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier Science Ltd</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>7U3</scope><scope>BHHNA</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20170301</creationdate><title>Young child poverty in the United States: Analyzing trends in poverty and the role of anti-poverty programs using the Supplemental Poverty Measure</title><author>Pac, Jessica ; Nam, Jaehyun ; Waldfogel, Jane ; Wimer, Chris</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c507t-3b68457729dd36b2fd48ec5f896b624b3e00bcdcae14448993236ffa89b3d16c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Age</topic><topic>Antipoverty programs</topic><topic>Child poverty</topic><topic>Children</topic><topic>Children & youth</topic><topic>Developed countries</topic><topic>Ethnicity</topic><topic>Hispanic Americans</topic><topic>Industrialized nations</topic><topic>Older children</topic><topic>Poverty</topic><topic>Race</topic><topic>Social services</topic><topic>Time series</topic><topic>Trends</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Pac, Jessica</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nam, Jaehyun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Waldfogel, Jane</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wimer, Chris</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>Social Services Abstracts</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Children and youth services review</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Pac, Jessica</au><au>Nam, Jaehyun</au><au>Waldfogel, Jane</au><au>Wimer, Chris</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Young child poverty in the United States: Analyzing trends in poverty and the role of anti-poverty programs using the Supplemental Poverty Measure</atitle><jtitle>Children and youth services review</jtitle><addtitle>Child Youth Serv Rev</addtitle><date>2017-03-01</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>74</volume><spage>35</spage><epage>49</epage><pages>35-49</pages><issn>0190-7409</issn><eissn>1873-7765</eissn><abstract>Between 1968 and 2013, the poverty rate of young children age 0 to 5years fell by nearly one third, in large part because of the role played by anti-poverty programs. However, young children in the U.S. still face a much higher rate of poverty than do older children in the U.S. They also continue to have a much higher poverty rate than do young children in other developed countries around the world. In this paper, we provide a detailed analysis of trends in poverty and the role of anti-poverty programs in addressing poverty among young children, using an improved measure of poverty, the Supplemental Poverty Measure. We examine changes over time and the current status, both for young children overall and for key subgroups (by child age, and by child race/ethnicity). Our findings can be summarized in three key points. First, poverty among all young children age 0–5years has fallen since the beginning of our time series; but absent the safety net, today's poverty rate among young children would be identical to or higher than it was in 1968. Second, the safety net plays an increasing role in reducing the poverty of young children, especially among Black non-Hispanic children, whose poverty rate would otherwise be 20.8 percentage points higher in 2013. Third, the composition of support has changed from virtually all cash transfers in 1968, to about one third each of cash, credit and in-kind transfers today.
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source | Sociological Abstracts; Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA); Access via ScienceDirect (Elsevier) |
subjects | Age Antipoverty programs Child poverty Children Children & youth Developed countries Ethnicity Hispanic Americans Industrialized nations Older children Poverty Race Social services Time series Trends |
title | Young child poverty in the United States: Analyzing trends in poverty and the role of anti-poverty programs using the Supplemental Poverty Measure |
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