A Longitudinal Twin Study of General Cognitive Ability Over Four Decades
In this longitudinal study we examined the stability of general cognitive ability (GCA), as well as heterogeneity and genetic and environmental influences underlying individual differences in change. We investigated GCA from young adulthood through late midlife in 1,288 Vietnam Era Twin Study of Agi...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Developmental psychology 2017-06, Vol.53 (6), p.1170-1177 |
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| creator | Lyons, Michael J Panizzon, Matthew S Liu, Weijian McKenzie, Ruth Bluestone, Noah J Grant, Michael D Franz, Carol E Vuoksimaa, Eero P Toomey, Rosemary Jacobson, Kristen C Reynolds, Chandra A Kremen, William S Xian, Hong |
| description | In this longitudinal study we examined the stability of general cognitive ability (GCA), as well as heterogeneity and genetic and environmental influences underlying individual differences in change. We investigated GCA from young adulthood through late midlife in 1,288 Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging participants at ages ∼20, ∼56, and ∼62 years. The correlations among the 3 occasions ranged from .73 to .85, reflecting substantial stability. The heritability was significant on each of the 3 occasions and ranged from .59 to .66. The influence of the shared environment was not significant at any of the ages. The genetic correlations across the 3 occasions ranged from .95 to .99 and did not differ significantly from 1.0. The nonshared environmental correlations ranged from .21 to .47. Latent growth curve analysis was applied to characterize trajectories over the 42-year period. Slope was significantly different from 0 and indicated that there was modest change over time. There was a significant genetic influence on initial level of GCA (h2 = .67), but not change (h2 = .23). Genetic factors primarily contribute to stability, while change reflects the influence of nonshared environmental influences. There was a significant negative correlation between initial level of GCA and change (r = −.31). Latent class growth analysis identified 4 trajectories. In general, the 4 groups followed parallel trajectories and were differentiated mainly by differences in AFQT performance level at the time of military induction. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1037/dev0000303 |
| format | Article |
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We investigated GCA from young adulthood through late midlife in 1,288 Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging participants at ages ∼20, ∼56, and ∼62 years. The correlations among the 3 occasions ranged from .73 to .85, reflecting substantial stability. The heritability was significant on each of the 3 occasions and ranged from .59 to .66. The influence of the shared environment was not significant at any of the ages. The genetic correlations across the 3 occasions ranged from .95 to .99 and did not differ significantly from 1.0. The nonshared environmental correlations ranged from .21 to .47. Latent growth curve analysis was applied to characterize trajectories over the 42-year period. Slope was significantly different from 0 and indicated that there was modest change over time. There was a significant genetic influence on initial level of GCA (h2 = .67), but not change (h2 = .23). Genetic factors primarily contribute to stability, while change reflects the influence of nonshared environmental influences. There was a significant negative correlation between initial level of GCA and change (r = −.31). Latent class growth analysis identified 4 trajectories. In general, the 4 groups followed parallel trajectories and were differentiated mainly by differences in AFQT performance level at the time of military induction.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0012-1649</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1939-0599</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1037/dev0000303</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28358535</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American Psychological Association</publisher><subject>Adult ; Age Differences ; Age Factors ; Aging (Individuals) ; Armed Forces ; Change agents ; Cognition - physiology ; Cognitive Ability ; Correlation ; Correlation analysis ; Environmental aspects ; Environmental Effects ; Environmental Influences ; Female ; Foreign Countries ; Gene-Environment Interaction ; Genetics ; Heritability ; Human ; Humans ; Individual Differences ; Individuality ; Induction ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Midlife ; Military Personnel ; Models, Genetic ; Statistical Analysis ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Twin studies ; Twins ; Twins, Dizygotic - genetics ; Twins, Dizygotic - psychology ; Twins, Monozygotic - genetics ; Twins, Monozygotic - psychology ; Vietnamese People ; Young Adult ; Young adults</subject><ispartof>Developmental psychology, 2017-06, Vol.53 (6), p.1170-1177</ispartof><rights>2017 American Psychological Association</rights><rights>(c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved).</rights><rights>2017, American Psychological Association</rights><rights>Copyright American Psychological Association Jun 2017</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a493t-5d4de5e00cd6164fe736bbafe7876b5579e6f8640ef9c1406ee52851300fe2423</citedby><orcidid>0000-0002-8629-5609 ; 0000-0002-6534-3667 ; 0000-0002-8987-1755</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,27923,27924,30998</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/detail?accno=EJ1142420$$DView record in ERIC$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28358535$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>Dubow, Eric F</contributor><creatorcontrib>Lyons, Michael J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Panizzon, Matthew S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Weijian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McKenzie, Ruth</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bluestone, Noah J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grant, Michael D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Franz, Carol E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vuoksimaa, Eero P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Toomey, Rosemary</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jacobson, Kristen C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reynolds, Chandra A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kremen, William S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xian, Hong</creatorcontrib><title>A Longitudinal Twin Study of General Cognitive Ability Over Four Decades</title><title>Developmental psychology</title><addtitle>Dev Psychol</addtitle><description>In this longitudinal study we examined the stability of general cognitive ability (GCA), as well as heterogeneity and genetic and environmental influences underlying individual differences in change. We investigated GCA from young adulthood through late midlife in 1,288 Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging participants at ages ∼20, ∼56, and ∼62 years. The correlations among the 3 occasions ranged from .73 to .85, reflecting substantial stability. The heritability was significant on each of the 3 occasions and ranged from .59 to .66. The influence of the shared environment was not significant at any of the ages. The genetic correlations across the 3 occasions ranged from .95 to .99 and did not differ significantly from 1.0. The nonshared environmental correlations ranged from .21 to .47. Latent growth curve analysis was applied to characterize trajectories over the 42-year period. Slope was significantly different from 0 and indicated that there was modest change over time. There was a significant genetic influence on initial level of GCA (h2 = .67), but not change (h2 = .23). Genetic factors primarily contribute to stability, while change reflects the influence of nonshared environmental influences. There was a significant negative correlation between initial level of GCA and change (r = −.31). Latent class growth analysis identified 4 trajectories. In general, the 4 groups followed parallel trajectories and were differentiated mainly by differences in AFQT performance level at the time of military induction.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Age Differences</subject><subject>Age Factors</subject><subject>Aging (Individuals)</subject><subject>Armed Forces</subject><subject>Change agents</subject><subject>Cognition - physiology</subject><subject>Cognitive Ability</subject><subject>Correlation</subject><subject>Correlation analysis</subject><subject>Environmental aspects</subject><subject>Environmental Effects</subject><subject>Environmental Influences</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Foreign Countries</subject><subject>Gene-Environment Interaction</subject><subject>Genetics</subject><subject>Heritability</subject><subject>Human</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Individual Differences</subject><subject>Individuality</subject><subject>Induction</subject><subject>Longitudinal Studies</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Midlife</subject><subject>Military Personnel</subject><subject>Models, Genetic</subject><subject>Statistical Analysis</subject><subject>Surveys and Questionnaires</subject><subject>Twin studies</subject><subject>Twins</subject><subject>Twins, Dizygotic - genetics</subject><subject>Twins, Dizygotic - psychology</subject><subject>Twins, Monozygotic - genetics</subject><subject>Twins, Monozygotic - psychology</subject><subject>Vietnamese People</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><subject>Young adults</subject><issn>0012-1649</issn><issn>1939-0599</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kc1v1DAQxS0Eokvhwh0UqReECNixHdsXpNX2E63UA-VsOc5kcZWNFzvZav_7TrVl-TjUl5H9fhq_eUPIW0Y_M8rVlxa2FA-n_BmZMcNNSaUxz8mMUlaVrBbmiLzK-Ravghv5khxVmkstuZyRy3mxjMMqjFMbBtcXN3dhKL7jbVfErriAARK-LuJqCGPYQjFvQh_GXXG9hVScxykVp-BdC_k1edG5PsObx3pMfpyf3Swuy-X1xdViviydMHwsZStakECpb2t01oHiddM4rFrVjZTKQN3pWlDojGeC1gCy0pJxSjuoRMWPydd9383UrKH1MIzo0G5SWLu0s9EF-68yhJ92FbdWCoUONDb48NggxV8T5NGuQ_bQ926AOGXLtOZMKakUoif_obc4McaElGEcA1daP0lpXVWKUyGR-rinfIo5J-gOlhm1D2u0f9aI8Pu_hzygv_eGwLs9ACn4g3z2jTGBIVHUP-11t3F2k3fepTH4HrKfUsJgHj6zktvaMqYovwdaMa9r</recordid><startdate>20170601</startdate><enddate>20170601</enddate><creator>Lyons, Michael J</creator><creator>Panizzon, Matthew S</creator><creator>Liu, Weijian</creator><creator>McKenzie, Ruth</creator><creator>Bluestone, Noah J</creator><creator>Grant, Michael D</creator><creator>Franz, Carol E</creator><creator>Vuoksimaa, Eero P</creator><creator>Toomey, Rosemary</creator><creator>Jacobson, Kristen C</creator><creator>Reynolds, Chandra A</creator><creator>Kremen, William S</creator><creator>Xian, Hong</creator><general>American Psychological Association</general><scope>7SW</scope><scope>BJH</scope><scope>BNH</scope><scope>BNI</scope><scope>BNJ</scope><scope>BNO</scope><scope>ERI</scope><scope>PET</scope><scope>REK</scope><scope>WWN</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7RZ</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>8BJ</scope><scope>FQK</scope><scope>JBE</scope><scope>K7.</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8629-5609</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6534-3667</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8987-1755</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20170601</creationdate><title>A Longitudinal Twin Study of General Cognitive Ability Over Four Decades</title><author>Lyons, Michael J ; Panizzon, Matthew S ; Liu, Weijian ; McKenzie, Ruth ; Bluestone, Noah J ; Grant, Michael D ; Franz, Carol E ; Vuoksimaa, Eero P ; Toomey, Rosemary ; Jacobson, Kristen C ; Reynolds, Chandra A ; Kremen, William S ; Xian, Hong</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a493t-5d4de5e00cd6164fe736bbafe7876b5579e6f8640ef9c1406ee52851300fe2423</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Age Differences</topic><topic>Age Factors</topic><topic>Aging (Individuals)</topic><topic>Armed Forces</topic><topic>Change agents</topic><topic>Cognition - physiology</topic><topic>Cognitive Ability</topic><topic>Correlation</topic><topic>Correlation analysis</topic><topic>Environmental aspects</topic><topic>Environmental Effects</topic><topic>Environmental Influences</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Foreign Countries</topic><topic>Gene-Environment Interaction</topic><topic>Genetics</topic><topic>Heritability</topic><topic>Human</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Individual Differences</topic><topic>Individuality</topic><topic>Induction</topic><topic>Longitudinal Studies</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Midlife</topic><topic>Military Personnel</topic><topic>Models, Genetic</topic><topic>Statistical Analysis</topic><topic>Surveys and Questionnaires</topic><topic>Twin studies</topic><topic>Twins</topic><topic>Twins, Dizygotic - genetics</topic><topic>Twins, Dizygotic - psychology</topic><topic>Twins, Monozygotic - genetics</topic><topic>Twins, Monozygotic - psychology</topic><topic>Vietnamese People</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><topic>Young adults</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lyons, Michael J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Panizzon, Matthew S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liu, Weijian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>McKenzie, Ruth</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bluestone, Noah J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grant, Michael D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Franz, Carol E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vuoksimaa, Eero P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Toomey, Rosemary</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jacobson, Kristen C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reynolds, Chandra A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kremen, William S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xian, Hong</creatorcontrib><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>ERIC (Ovid)</collection><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>ERIC (Legacy Platform)</collection><collection>ERIC( SilverPlatter )</collection><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>ERIC PlusText (Legacy Platform)</collection><collection>Education Resources Information Center (ERIC)</collection><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>APA PsycArticles®</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS)</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><collection>ProQuest Criminal Justice (Alumni)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Developmental psychology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lyons, Michael J</au><au>Panizzon, Matthew S</au><au>Liu, Weijian</au><au>McKenzie, Ruth</au><au>Bluestone, Noah J</au><au>Grant, Michael D</au><au>Franz, Carol E</au><au>Vuoksimaa, Eero P</au><au>Toomey, Rosemary</au><au>Jacobson, Kristen C</au><au>Reynolds, Chandra A</au><au>Kremen, William S</au><au>Xian, Hong</au><au>Dubow, Eric F</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><ericid>EJ1142420</ericid><atitle>A Longitudinal Twin Study of General Cognitive Ability Over Four Decades</atitle><jtitle>Developmental psychology</jtitle><addtitle>Dev Psychol</addtitle><date>2017-06-01</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>53</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>1170</spage><epage>1177</epage><pages>1170-1177</pages><issn>0012-1649</issn><eissn>1939-0599</eissn><abstract>In this longitudinal study we examined the stability of general cognitive ability (GCA), as well as heterogeneity and genetic and environmental influences underlying individual differences in change. We investigated GCA from young adulthood through late midlife in 1,288 Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging participants at ages ∼20, ∼56, and ∼62 years. The correlations among the 3 occasions ranged from .73 to .85, reflecting substantial stability. The heritability was significant on each of the 3 occasions and ranged from .59 to .66. The influence of the shared environment was not significant at any of the ages. The genetic correlations across the 3 occasions ranged from .95 to .99 and did not differ significantly from 1.0. The nonshared environmental correlations ranged from .21 to .47. Latent growth curve analysis was applied to characterize trajectories over the 42-year period. Slope was significantly different from 0 and indicated that there was modest change over time. There was a significant genetic influence on initial level of GCA (h2 = .67), but not change (h2 = .23). Genetic factors primarily contribute to stability, while change reflects the influence of nonshared environmental influences. There was a significant negative correlation between initial level of GCA and change (r = −.31). Latent class growth analysis identified 4 trajectories. In general, the 4 groups followed parallel trajectories and were differentiated mainly by differences in AFQT performance level at the time of military induction.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>American Psychological Association</pub><pmid>28358535</pmid><doi>10.1037/dev0000303</doi><tpages>8</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8629-5609</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6534-3667</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8987-1755</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adult Age Differences Age Factors Aging (Individuals) Armed Forces Change agents Cognition - physiology Cognitive Ability Correlation Correlation analysis Environmental aspects Environmental Effects Environmental Influences Female Foreign Countries Gene-Environment Interaction Genetics Heritability Human Humans Individual Differences Individuality Induction Longitudinal Studies Male Middle Aged Midlife Military Personnel Models, Genetic Statistical Analysis Surveys and Questionnaires Twin studies Twins Twins, Dizygotic - genetics Twins, Dizygotic - psychology Twins, Monozygotic - genetics Twins, Monozygotic - psychology Vietnamese People Young Adult Young adults |
| title | A Longitudinal Twin Study of General Cognitive Ability Over Four Decades |
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