Challenges in Additive Manufacturing of Space Parts: Powder Feedstock Cross-Contamination and Its Impact on End Products
This work studies the tensile properties of Ti-6Al-4V samples produced by laser powder bed based Additive Manufacturing (AM), for different build orientations. The results showed high scattering of the yield and tensile strength and low fracture elongation. The subsequent fractographic investigation...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Materials 2017-05, Vol.10 (5), p.522 |
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| creator | Brandão, Ana D Gerard, Romain Gumpinger, Johannes Beretta, Stefano Makaya, Advenit Pambaguian, Laurent Ghidini, Tommaso |
| description | This work studies the tensile properties of Ti-6Al-4V samples produced by laser powder bed based Additive Manufacturing (AM), for different build orientations. The results showed high scattering of the yield and tensile strength and low fracture elongation. The subsequent fractographic investigation revealed the presence of tungsten particles on the fracture surface. Hence, its detection and impact on tensile properties of AM Ti-6Al-4V were investigated. X-ray Computed Tomography (X-ray CT) scanning indicated that these inclusions were evenly distributed throughout the samples, however the inclusions area was shown to be larger in the load-bearing plane for the vertical specimens. A microstructural study proved that the mostly spherical tungsten particles were embedded in the fully martensitic Ti-6Al-4V AM material. The particle size distribution, the flowability and the morphology of the powder feedstock were investigated and appeared to be in line with observations from other studies. X-ray CT scanning of the powder however made the high density particles visible, where various techniques, commonly used in the certification of powder feedstock, failed to detect the contaminant. As the detection of cross contamination in the powder feedstock proves to be challenging, the use of only one type of powder per AM equipment is recommended for critical applications such as Space parts. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/ma10050522 |
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The results showed high scattering of the yield and tensile strength and low fracture elongation. The subsequent fractographic investigation revealed the presence of tungsten particles on the fracture surface. Hence, its detection and impact on tensile properties of AM Ti-6Al-4V were investigated. X-ray Computed Tomography (X-ray CT) scanning indicated that these inclusions were evenly distributed throughout the samples, however the inclusions area was shown to be larger in the load-bearing plane for the vertical specimens. A microstructural study proved that the mostly spherical tungsten particles were embedded in the fully martensitic Ti-6Al-4V AM material. The particle size distribution, the flowability and the morphology of the powder feedstock were investigated and appeared to be in line with observations from other studies. X-ray CT scanning of the powder however made the high density particles visible, where various techniques, commonly used in the certification of powder feedstock, failed to detect the contaminant. As the detection of cross contamination in the powder feedstock proves to be challenging, the use of only one type of powder per AM equipment is recommended for critical applications such as Space parts.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1996-1944</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1996-1944</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/ma10050522</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28772882</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Additive manufacturing ; Bearing ; Certification ; Computed tomography ; Construction ; Contaminants ; Contamination ; Elongation ; Fractography ; Inclusions ; Investigations ; Lasers ; Microstructure ; Particle size distribution ; Raw materials ; Scanning ; Scattering ; Tensile properties ; Tensile strength ; Titanium base alloys ; Tungsten ; Yield strength</subject><ispartof>Materials, 2017-05, Vol.10 (5), p.522</ispartof><rights>Copyright MDPI AG 2017</rights><rights>2017 by the authors. 2017</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c406t-d7023b52f3605defe353c48a563a77b4dd0f8db2336b7f57700a6b08a843c2283</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c406t-d7023b52f3605defe353c48a563a77b4dd0f8db2336b7f57700a6b08a843c2283</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-9994-0868</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5459071/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5459071/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28772882$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Brandão, Ana D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gerard, Romain</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gumpinger, Johannes</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Beretta, Stefano</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Makaya, Advenit</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pambaguian, Laurent</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ghidini, Tommaso</creatorcontrib><title>Challenges in Additive Manufacturing of Space Parts: Powder Feedstock Cross-Contamination and Its Impact on End Products</title><title>Materials</title><addtitle>Materials (Basel)</addtitle><description>This work studies the tensile properties of Ti-6Al-4V samples produced by laser powder bed based Additive Manufacturing (AM), for different build orientations. The results showed high scattering of the yield and tensile strength and low fracture elongation. The subsequent fractographic investigation revealed the presence of tungsten particles on the fracture surface. Hence, its detection and impact on tensile properties of AM Ti-6Al-4V were investigated. X-ray Computed Tomography (X-ray CT) scanning indicated that these inclusions were evenly distributed throughout the samples, however the inclusions area was shown to be larger in the load-bearing plane for the vertical specimens. A microstructural study proved that the mostly spherical tungsten particles were embedded in the fully martensitic Ti-6Al-4V AM material. The particle size distribution, the flowability and the morphology of the powder feedstock were investigated and appeared to be in line with observations from other studies. X-ray CT scanning of the powder however made the high density particles visible, where various techniques, commonly used in the certification of powder feedstock, failed to detect the contaminant. As the detection of cross contamination in the powder feedstock proves to be challenging, the use of only one type of powder per AM equipment is recommended for critical applications such as Space parts.</description><subject>Additive manufacturing</subject><subject>Bearing</subject><subject>Certification</subject><subject>Computed tomography</subject><subject>Construction</subject><subject>Contaminants</subject><subject>Contamination</subject><subject>Elongation</subject><subject>Fractography</subject><subject>Inclusions</subject><subject>Investigations</subject><subject>Lasers</subject><subject>Microstructure</subject><subject>Particle size distribution</subject><subject>Raw materials</subject><subject>Scanning</subject><subject>Scattering</subject><subject>Tensile properties</subject><subject>Tensile strength</subject><subject>Titanium base alloys</subject><subject>Tungsten</subject><subject>Yield strength</subject><issn>1996-1944</issn><issn>1996-1944</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkVtrFTEUhYMottS--AMk4IsUpuYyuYwPQhlae6DFA-pzyCSZ09SZ5Jhkqv57c-jV7pdsdr4s1s4C4C1Gx5R26OOsMUIMMUJegH3cdbzBXdu-fNLvgcOcr1EtSrEk3WuwR6QQREqyD_70V3qaXNi4DH2AJ9b64m8cvNRhGbUpS_JhA-MIv221cXCtU8mf4Dr-ti7BM-dsLtH8hH2KOTd9DEXPPujiY4A6WLgqGa7m-rTAOjmtk3WKdjElvwGvRj1ld3h3HoAfZ6ff-_Pm4uuXVX9y0ZgW8dJYgQgdGBkpR8y60VFGTSs141QLMbTWolHagVDKBzEyIRDSfEBSy5YaQiQ9AJ9vdbfLMDtrXChJT2qb_KzTXxW1V__fBH-lNvFGsZZ1SOAq8OFOIMVfi8tFzT4bN006uLhkhTvCucQE8Yq-f4ZexyWFul6lMGKdoGwneHRLmd2nJTc-mMFI7TJVj5lW-N1T-w_ofYL0H0K1nH0</recordid><startdate>20170512</startdate><enddate>20170512</enddate><creator>Brandão, Ana D</creator><creator>Gerard, Romain</creator><creator>Gumpinger, Johannes</creator><creator>Beretta, Stefano</creator><creator>Makaya, Advenit</creator><creator>Pambaguian, Laurent</creator><creator>Ghidini, Tommaso</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9994-0868</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20170512</creationdate><title>Challenges in Additive Manufacturing of Space Parts: Powder Feedstock Cross-Contamination and Its Impact on End Products</title><author>Brandão, Ana D ; Gerard, Romain ; Gumpinger, Johannes ; Beretta, Stefano ; Makaya, Advenit ; Pambaguian, Laurent ; Ghidini, Tommaso</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c406t-d7023b52f3605defe353c48a563a77b4dd0f8db2336b7f57700a6b08a843c2283</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Additive manufacturing</topic><topic>Bearing</topic><topic>Certification</topic><topic>Computed tomography</topic><topic>Construction</topic><topic>Contaminants</topic><topic>Contamination</topic><topic>Elongation</topic><topic>Fractography</topic><topic>Inclusions</topic><topic>Investigations</topic><topic>Lasers</topic><topic>Microstructure</topic><topic>Particle size distribution</topic><topic>Raw materials</topic><topic>Scanning</topic><topic>Scattering</topic><topic>Tensile properties</topic><topic>Tensile strength</topic><topic>Titanium base alloys</topic><topic>Tungsten</topic><topic>Yield strength</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Brandão, Ana D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gerard, Romain</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gumpinger, Johannes</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Beretta, Stefano</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Makaya, Advenit</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pambaguian, Laurent</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ghidini, Tommaso</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Engineered Materials Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Materials Research Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Database</collection><collection>Materials Science Collection</collection><collection>Access via ProQuest (Open Access)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Materials</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Brandão, Ana D</au><au>Gerard, Romain</au><au>Gumpinger, Johannes</au><au>Beretta, Stefano</au><au>Makaya, Advenit</au><au>Pambaguian, Laurent</au><au>Ghidini, Tommaso</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Challenges in Additive Manufacturing of Space Parts: Powder Feedstock Cross-Contamination and Its Impact on End Products</atitle><jtitle>Materials</jtitle><addtitle>Materials (Basel)</addtitle><date>2017-05-12</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>10</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>522</spage><pages>522-</pages><issn>1996-1944</issn><eissn>1996-1944</eissn><abstract>This work studies the tensile properties of Ti-6Al-4V samples produced by laser powder bed based Additive Manufacturing (AM), for different build orientations. The results showed high scattering of the yield and tensile strength and low fracture elongation. The subsequent fractographic investigation revealed the presence of tungsten particles on the fracture surface. Hence, its detection and impact on tensile properties of AM Ti-6Al-4V were investigated. X-ray Computed Tomography (X-ray CT) scanning indicated that these inclusions were evenly distributed throughout the samples, however the inclusions area was shown to be larger in the load-bearing plane for the vertical specimens. A microstructural study proved that the mostly spherical tungsten particles were embedded in the fully martensitic Ti-6Al-4V AM material. The particle size distribution, the flowability and the morphology of the powder feedstock were investigated and appeared to be in line with observations from other studies. X-ray CT scanning of the powder however made the high density particles visible, where various techniques, commonly used in the certification of powder feedstock, failed to detect the contaminant. As the detection of cross contamination in the powder feedstock proves to be challenging, the use of only one type of powder per AM equipment is recommended for critical applications such as Space parts.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>28772882</pmid><doi>10.3390/ma10050522</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9994-0868</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | PubMed Central Open Access; MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Free Full-Text Journals in Chemistry |
| subjects | Additive manufacturing Bearing Certification Computed tomography Construction Contaminants Contamination Elongation Fractography Inclusions Investigations Lasers Microstructure Particle size distribution Raw materials Scanning Scattering Tensile properties Tensile strength Titanium base alloys Tungsten Yield strength |
| title | Challenges in Additive Manufacturing of Space Parts: Powder Feedstock Cross-Contamination and Its Impact on End Products |
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