Energy Harvesting by Subcutaneous Solar Cells: A Long-Term Study on Achievable Energy Output
Active electronic implants are powered by primary batteries, which induces the necessity of implant replacement after battery depletion. This causes repeated interventions in a patients’ life, which bears the risk of complications and is costly. By using energy harvesting devices to power the implan...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Annals of biomedical engineering 2017-05, Vol.45 (5), p.1172-1180 |
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container_title | Annals of biomedical engineering |
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creator | Bereuter, L. Williner, S. Pianezzi, F. Bissig, B. Buecheler, S. Burger, J. Vogel, R. Zurbuchen, A. Haeberlin, A. |
description | Active electronic implants are powered by primary batteries, which induces the necessity of implant replacement after battery depletion. This causes repeated interventions in a patients’ life, which bears the risk of complications and is costly. By using energy harvesting devices to power the implant, device replacements may be avoided and the device size may be reduced dramatically. Recently, several groups presented prototypes of implants powered by subcutaneous solar cells. However, data about the expected real-life power output of subcutaneously implanted solar cells was lacking so far. In this study, we report the first real-life validation data of energy harvesting by subcutaneous solar cells. Portable light measurement devices that feature solar cells (cell area = 3.6 cm
2
) and continuously measure a subcutaneous solar cell’s output power were built. The measurement devices were worn by volunteers in their daily routine in summer, autumn and winter. In addition to the measured output power, influences such as season, weather and human activity were analyzed. The obtained mean power over the whole study period was 67
µ
W (=19
µ
W cm
−2
), which is sufficient to power e.g. a cardiac pacemaker. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s10439-016-1774-4 |
format | Article |
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2
) and continuously measure a subcutaneous solar cell’s output power were built. The measurement devices were worn by volunteers in their daily routine in summer, autumn and winter. In addition to the measured output power, influences such as season, weather and human activity were analyzed. The obtained mean power over the whole study period was 67
µ
W (=19
µ
W cm
−2
), which is sufficient to power e.g. a cardiac pacemaker.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0090-6964</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-9686</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s10439-016-1774-4</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28050727</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Springer US</publisher><subject>Biochemistry ; Biological and Medical Physics ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering ; Biomedicine ; Biophysics ; Classical Mechanics ; Devices ; Electronics - instrumentation ; Energy harvesting ; Humans ; Implants, Experimental ; Measuring instruments ; Medical devices ; Photovoltaic cells ; Seasons ; Skin ; Solar cells ; Solar Energy ; Solar power generation ; Surgical implants</subject><ispartof>Annals of biomedical engineering, 2017-05, Vol.45 (5), p.1172-1180</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2016</rights><rights>Annals of Biomedical Engineering is a copyright of Springer, 2017.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c575t-f076f09691d371318e54877914134b41cca7287a154158b7af5b8cbbeb2a91e93</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c575t-f076f09691d371318e54877914134b41cca7287a154158b7af5b8cbbeb2a91e93</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10439-016-1774-4$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10439-016-1774-4$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28050727$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Bereuter, L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Williner, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pianezzi, F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bissig, B.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Buecheler, S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Burger, J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vogel, R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zurbuchen, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Haeberlin, A.</creatorcontrib><title>Energy Harvesting by Subcutaneous Solar Cells: A Long-Term Study on Achievable Energy Output</title><title>Annals of biomedical engineering</title><addtitle>Ann Biomed Eng</addtitle><addtitle>Ann Biomed Eng</addtitle><description>Active electronic implants are powered by primary batteries, which induces the necessity of implant replacement after battery depletion. This causes repeated interventions in a patients’ life, which bears the risk of complications and is costly. By using energy harvesting devices to power the implant, device replacements may be avoided and the device size may be reduced dramatically. Recently, several groups presented prototypes of implants powered by subcutaneous solar cells. However, data about the expected real-life power output of subcutaneously implanted solar cells was lacking so far. In this study, we report the first real-life validation data of energy harvesting by subcutaneous solar cells. Portable light measurement devices that feature solar cells (cell area = 3.6 cm
2
) and continuously measure a subcutaneous solar cell’s output power were built. The measurement devices were worn by volunteers in their daily routine in summer, autumn and winter. In addition to the measured output power, influences such as season, weather and human activity were analyzed. The obtained mean power over the whole study period was 67
µ
W (=19
µ
W cm
−2
), which is sufficient to power e.g. a cardiac pacemaker.</description><subject>Biochemistry</subject><subject>Biological and Medical Physics</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering</subject><subject>Biomedicine</subject><subject>Biophysics</subject><subject>Classical Mechanics</subject><subject>Devices</subject><subject>Electronics - instrumentation</subject><subject>Energy harvesting</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Implants, Experimental</subject><subject>Measuring instruments</subject><subject>Medical devices</subject><subject>Photovoltaic cells</subject><subject>Seasons</subject><subject>Skin</subject><subject>Solar cells</subject><subject>Solar Energy</subject><subject>Solar power generation</subject><subject>Surgical implants</subject><issn>0090-6964</issn><issn>1573-9686</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>C6C</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkk1rFEEQhhtRzBr9AV6kwYuXiVXT3x6EZYmJsJDDxpvQdM_2TCbMzqzdMwv77-0wa4iC6KkP9dTT1MtLyFuECwRQHxMCZ6YAlAUqxQv-jCxQKFYYqeVzsgAwUEgj-Rl5ldI9AKJm4iU5KzUIUKVakO-XfYjNkV67eAhpbPuG-iPdTL6aRteHYUp0M3Qu0lXouvSJLul66JviNsQd3YzT9kiHni6ruzYcnO8CPelupnE_ja_Ji9p1Kbw5vefk25fL29V1sb65-rparotKKDEWNShZg5EGt0whQx0E10oZ5Mi451hVTpVaORQchfbK1cLryvvgS2cwGHZOPs_e_eR3YVuFfoyus_vY7lw82sG19vdJ397ZZjhYwYziqsyCDydBHH5MOQe7a1OVL54jsGiAlyUCw3-j2iimpAb4D1QIxqQudUbf_4HeD1Psc2iZ0kZKKUBkCmeqikNKMdSPJyLYh0bYuRE2N8I-NMLyvPPuaTaPG78qkIFyBlIe9U2IT77-q_UnN7K_VA</recordid><startdate>20170501</startdate><enddate>20170501</enddate><creator>Bereuter, L.</creator><creator>Williner, S.</creator><creator>Pianezzi, F.</creator><creator>Bissig, B.</creator><creator>Buecheler, S.</creator><creator>Burger, J.</creator><creator>Vogel, R.</creator><creator>Zurbuchen, A.</creator><creator>Haeberlin, A.</creator><general>Springer US</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><scope>C6C</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QF</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7QQ</scope><scope>7SC</scope><scope>7SE</scope><scope>7SP</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7TA</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>F28</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H8D</scope><scope>H8G</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>JQ2</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>L~C</scope><scope>L~D</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20170501</creationdate><title>Energy Harvesting by Subcutaneous Solar Cells: A Long-Term Study on Achievable Energy Output</title><author>Bereuter, L. ; Williner, S. ; Pianezzi, F. ; Bissig, B. ; Buecheler, S. ; Burger, J. ; Vogel, R. ; Zurbuchen, A. ; Haeberlin, A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c575t-f076f09691d371318e54877914134b41cca7287a154158b7af5b8cbbeb2a91e93</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Biochemistry</topic><topic>Biological and Medical Physics</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering</topic><topic>Biomedicine</topic><topic>Biophysics</topic><topic>Classical Mechanics</topic><topic>Devices</topic><topic>Electronics - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Annals of biomedical engineering</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Bereuter, L.</au><au>Williner, S.</au><au>Pianezzi, F.</au><au>Bissig, B.</au><au>Buecheler, S.</au><au>Burger, J.</au><au>Vogel, R.</au><au>Zurbuchen, A.</au><au>Haeberlin, A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Energy Harvesting by Subcutaneous Solar Cells: A Long-Term Study on Achievable Energy Output</atitle><jtitle>Annals of biomedical engineering</jtitle><stitle>Ann Biomed Eng</stitle><addtitle>Ann Biomed Eng</addtitle><date>2017-05-01</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>45</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>1172</spage><epage>1180</epage><pages>1172-1180</pages><issn>0090-6964</issn><eissn>1573-9686</eissn><abstract>Active electronic implants are powered by primary batteries, which induces the necessity of implant replacement after battery depletion. This causes repeated interventions in a patients’ life, which bears the risk of complications and is costly. By using energy harvesting devices to power the implant, device replacements may be avoided and the device size may be reduced dramatically. Recently, several groups presented prototypes of implants powered by subcutaneous solar cells. However, data about the expected real-life power output of subcutaneously implanted solar cells was lacking so far. In this study, we report the first real-life validation data of energy harvesting by subcutaneous solar cells. Portable light measurement devices that feature solar cells (cell area = 3.6 cm
2
) and continuously measure a subcutaneous solar cell’s output power were built. The measurement devices were worn by volunteers in their daily routine in summer, autumn and winter. In addition to the measured output power, influences such as season, weather and human activity were analyzed. The obtained mean power over the whole study period was 67
µ
W (=19
µ
W cm
−2
), which is sufficient to power e.g. a cardiac pacemaker.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Springer US</pub><pmid>28050727</pmid><doi>10.1007/s10439-016-1774-4</doi><tpages>9</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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source | MEDLINE; SpringerLink Journals |
subjects | Biochemistry Biological and Medical Physics Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering Biomedicine Biophysics Classical Mechanics Devices Electronics - instrumentation Energy harvesting Humans Implants, Experimental Measuring instruments Medical devices Photovoltaic cells Seasons Skin Solar cells Solar Energy Solar power generation Surgical implants |
title | Energy Harvesting by Subcutaneous Solar Cells: A Long-Term Study on Achievable Energy Output |
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