A gradient of nutrient enrichment reveals nonlinear impacts of fertilization on Arctic plant diversity and ecosystem function
Rapid environmental change at high latitudes is predicted to greatly alter the diversity, structure, and function of plant communities, resulting in changes in the pools and fluxes of nutrients. In Arctic tundra, increased nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability accompanying warming is known to...
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creator | Prager, Case M. Naeem, Shahid Boelman, Natalie T. Eitel, Jan U. H. Greaves, Heather E. Heskel, Mary A. Magney, Troy S. Menge, Duncan N.L. Vierling, Lee A. Griffin, Kevin L. |
description | Rapid environmental change at high latitudes is predicted to greatly alter the diversity, structure, and function of plant communities, resulting in changes in the pools and fluxes of nutrients. In Arctic tundra, increased nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability accompanying warming is known to impact plant diversity and ecosystem function; however, to date, most studies examining Arctic nutrient enrichment focus on the impact of relatively large (>25x estimated naturally occurring N enrichment) doses of nutrients on plant community composition and net primary productivity. To understand the impacts of Arctic nutrient enrichment, we examined plant community composition and the capacity for ecosystem function (net ecosystem exchange, ecosystem respiration, and gross primary production) across a gradient of experimental N and P addition expected to more closely approximate warming‐induced fertilization. In addition, we compared our measured ecosystem CO2 flux data to a widely used Arctic ecosystem exchange model to investigate the ability to predict the capacity for CO2 exchange with nutrient addition. We observed declines in abundance‐weighted plant diversity at low levels of nutrient enrichment, but species richness and the capacity for ecosystem carbon uptake did not change until the highest level of fertilization. When we compared our measured data to the model, we found that the model explained roughly 30%–50% of the variance in the observed data, depending on the flux variable, and the relationship weakened at high levels of enrichment. Our results suggest that while a relatively small amount of nutrient enrichment impacts plant diversity, only relatively large levels of fertilization—over an order of magnitude or more than warming‐induced rates—significantly alter the capacity for tundra CO2 exchange. Overall, our findings highlight the value of measuring and modeling the impacts of a nutrient enrichment gradient, as warming‐related nutrient availability may impact ecosystems differently than single‐level fertilization experiments.
To understand the impacts of Arctic nutrient enrichment, we examined plant community composition and the capacity for ecosystem function (net ecosystem exchange, ecosystem respiration, and gross primary production) across a gradient of experimental N and P addition expected to more closely approximate warming‐induced fertilization. We observed declines in abundance‐weighted plant diversity at low levels of nutrient enr |
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To understand the impacts of Arctic nutrient enrichment, we examined plant community composition and the capacity for ecosystem function (net ecosystem exchange, ecosystem respiration, and gross primary production) across a gradient of experimental N and P addition expected to more closely approximate warming‐induced fertilization. We observed declines in abundance‐weighted plant diversity at low levels of nutrient enrichment, but species richness and the capacity for ecosystem carbon uptake did not change until the highest level of fertilization. When we compared our measured data to a widely used ecosystem CO2 exchange model, we found that the model explained roughly 30%–50% of the variance in the observed data, depending on the flux variable, and the relationship weakened at high levels of enrichment. Our results suggest that while a relatively small amount of nutrient enrichment impacts plant diversity, only relatively large levels of fertilization—over an order of magnitude or more than warming‐induced rates—significantly alter the capacity for tundra CO2 exchange.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2045-7758</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2045-7758</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2863</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28405308</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: John Wiley & Sons, Inc</publisher><subject>Arctic ; Biodiversity ; Biomass ; Carbon dioxide ; climate change ; Community composition ; Composition ; ecosystem function ; ecosystem respiration ; Ecosystems ; Elmendorf, Henry ; Environmental changes ; Environmental impact ; Estimates ; Exchanging ; Experiments ; Fertilization ; Flowers & plants ; Fluxes ; gross primary productivity ; Levels ; net ecosystem CO2 exchange ; Net Primary Productivity ; Nitrogen ; Nitrogen enrichment ; Nutrient availability ; Nutrient enrichment ; Nutrient uptake ; Nutrients ; Original Research ; Phosphorus ; Plant communities ; Plant diversity ; Plant populations ; Polar environments ; Primary production ; Productivity ; Species diversity ; Species richness ; Structure-function relationships ; Taiga & tundra ; Tundra</subject><ispartof>Ecology and evolution, 2017-04, Vol.7 (7), p.2449-2460</ispartof><rights>2017 The Authors. published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</rights><rights>2017. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4763-ce7c41aa0bf4c90d893c495ab88b239a2df8820c67b4542fcdc38c8f02e6c0c03</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4763-ce7c41aa0bf4c90d893c495ab88b239a2df8820c67b4542fcdc38c8f02e6c0c03</cites><orcidid>0000-0001-9198-5586</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5383475/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5383475/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,1411,11542,27903,27904,45553,45554,46030,46454,53769,53771</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28405308$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Prager, Case M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Naeem, Shahid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boelman, Natalie T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eitel, Jan U. H.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Greaves, Heather E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Heskel, Mary A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Magney, Troy S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Menge, Duncan N.L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vierling, Lee A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Griffin, Kevin L.</creatorcontrib><title>A gradient of nutrient enrichment reveals nonlinear impacts of fertilization on Arctic plant diversity and ecosystem function</title><title>Ecology and evolution</title><addtitle>Ecol Evol</addtitle><description>Rapid environmental change at high latitudes is predicted to greatly alter the diversity, structure, and function of plant communities, resulting in changes in the pools and fluxes of nutrients. In Arctic tundra, increased nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability accompanying warming is known to impact plant diversity and ecosystem function; however, to date, most studies examining Arctic nutrient enrichment focus on the impact of relatively large (>25x estimated naturally occurring N enrichment) doses of nutrients on plant community composition and net primary productivity. To understand the impacts of Arctic nutrient enrichment, we examined plant community composition and the capacity for ecosystem function (net ecosystem exchange, ecosystem respiration, and gross primary production) across a gradient of experimental N and P addition expected to more closely approximate warming‐induced fertilization. In addition, we compared our measured ecosystem CO2 flux data to a widely used Arctic ecosystem exchange model to investigate the ability to predict the capacity for CO2 exchange with nutrient addition. We observed declines in abundance‐weighted plant diversity at low levels of nutrient enrichment, but species richness and the capacity for ecosystem carbon uptake did not change until the highest level of fertilization. When we compared our measured data to the model, we found that the model explained roughly 30%–50% of the variance in the observed data, depending on the flux variable, and the relationship weakened at high levels of enrichment. Our results suggest that while a relatively small amount of nutrient enrichment impacts plant diversity, only relatively large levels of fertilization—over an order of magnitude or more than warming‐induced rates—significantly alter the capacity for tundra CO2 exchange. Overall, our findings highlight the value of measuring and modeling the impacts of a nutrient enrichment gradient, as warming‐related nutrient availability may impact ecosystems differently than single‐level fertilization experiments.
To understand the impacts of Arctic nutrient enrichment, we examined plant community composition and the capacity for ecosystem function (net ecosystem exchange, ecosystem respiration, and gross primary production) across a gradient of experimental N and P addition expected to more closely approximate warming‐induced fertilization. We observed declines in abundance‐weighted plant diversity at low levels of nutrient enrichment, but species richness and the capacity for ecosystem carbon uptake did not change until the highest level of fertilization. When we compared our measured data to a widely used ecosystem CO2 exchange model, we found that the model explained roughly 30%–50% of the variance in the observed data, depending on the flux variable, and the relationship weakened at high levels of enrichment. Our results suggest that while a relatively small amount of nutrient enrichment impacts plant diversity, only relatively large levels of fertilization—over an order of magnitude or more than warming‐induced rates—significantly alter the capacity for tundra CO2 exchange.</description><subject>Arctic</subject><subject>Biodiversity</subject><subject>Biomass</subject><subject>Carbon dioxide</subject><subject>climate change</subject><subject>Community composition</subject><subject>Composition</subject><subject>ecosystem function</subject><subject>ecosystem respiration</subject><subject>Ecosystems</subject><subject>Elmendorf, Henry</subject><subject>Environmental changes</subject><subject>Environmental impact</subject><subject>Estimates</subject><subject>Exchanging</subject><subject>Experiments</subject><subject>Fertilization</subject><subject>Flowers & plants</subject><subject>Fluxes</subject><subject>gross primary productivity</subject><subject>Levels</subject><subject>net ecosystem CO2 exchange</subject><subject>Net Primary Productivity</subject><subject>Nitrogen</subject><subject>Nitrogen enrichment</subject><subject>Nutrient availability</subject><subject>Nutrient enrichment</subject><subject>Nutrient uptake</subject><subject>Nutrients</subject><subject>Original Research</subject><subject>Phosphorus</subject><subject>Plant communities</subject><subject>Plant diversity</subject><subject>Plant populations</subject><subject>Polar environments</subject><subject>Primary production</subject><subject>Productivity</subject><subject>Species diversity</subject><subject>Species richness</subject><subject>Structure-function relationships</subject><subject>Taiga & tundra</subject><subject>Tundra</subject><issn>2045-7758</issn><issn>2045-7758</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>24P</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kU9r3DAQxUVpaUKaQ79AEfTSHjaRJdmWL4Vl2f6BQC_tWcjjUaJgS1tJ3rCFfvfK2TSkhQ4CPZjfPGZ4hLyu2EXFGL9EQHHBVSOekVPOZL1q21o9f6JPyHlKt6xUw7hk7UtywpVktWDqlPxa0-toBoc-02Cpn3O81-ijg5tpkRH3aMZEffCj82giddPOQE7LgMWY3eh-muyCp-WtI2QHdDeaMjq4Pcbk8oEaP1CEkA4p40Tt7GEZeEVe2GKN5w__Gfn-cftt83l19fXTl836agWybcQKsAVZGcN6K6Fjg-oEyK42vVI9F53hg1WKM2jaXtaSWxhAKFCWcWyAARNn5MPRdzf3Ew5Qzopm1LvoJhMPOhin_-54d6Ovw17XQgnZ1sXg3YNBDD9mTFlPLgGO5UoMc9KV6irV1p2SBX37D3ob5ujLeZpz1ZXirCrU-yMFMaQU0T4uUzG95KqXXPWSa2HfPN3-kfyTYgEuj8CdG_Hwfye93WzFveVvtb-vzw</recordid><startdate>201704</startdate><enddate>201704</enddate><creator>Prager, Case M.</creator><creator>Naeem, Shahid</creator><creator>Boelman, Natalie T.</creator><creator>Eitel, Jan U. H.</creator><creator>Greaves, Heather E.</creator><creator>Heskel, Mary A.</creator><creator>Magney, Troy S.</creator><creator>Menge, Duncan N.L.</creator><creator>Vierling, Lee A.</creator><creator>Griffin, Kevin L.</creator><general>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</general><general>John Wiley and Sons Inc</general><scope>24P</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9198-5586</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>201704</creationdate><title>A gradient of nutrient enrichment reveals nonlinear impacts of fertilization on Arctic plant diversity and ecosystem function</title><author>Prager, Case M. ; Naeem, Shahid ; Boelman, Natalie T. ; Eitel, Jan U. H. ; Greaves, Heather E. ; Heskel, Mary A. ; Magney, Troy S. ; Menge, Duncan N.L. ; Vierling, Lee A. ; Griffin, Kevin L.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4763-ce7c41aa0bf4c90d893c495ab88b239a2df8820c67b4542fcdc38c8f02e6c0c03</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Arctic</topic><topic>Biodiversity</topic><topic>Biomass</topic><topic>Carbon dioxide</topic><topic>climate change</topic><topic>Community composition</topic><topic>Composition</topic><topic>ecosystem function</topic><topic>ecosystem respiration</topic><topic>Ecosystems</topic><topic>Elmendorf, Henry</topic><topic>Environmental changes</topic><topic>Environmental impact</topic><topic>Estimates</topic><topic>Exchanging</topic><topic>Experiments</topic><topic>Fertilization</topic><topic>Flowers & plants</topic><topic>Fluxes</topic><topic>gross primary productivity</topic><topic>Levels</topic><topic>net ecosystem CO2 exchange</topic><topic>Net Primary Productivity</topic><topic>Nitrogen</topic><topic>Nitrogen enrichment</topic><topic>Nutrient availability</topic><topic>Nutrient enrichment</topic><topic>Nutrient uptake</topic><topic>Nutrients</topic><topic>Original Research</topic><topic>Phosphorus</topic><topic>Plant communities</topic><topic>Plant diversity</topic><topic>Plant populations</topic><topic>Polar environments</topic><topic>Primary production</topic><topic>Productivity</topic><topic>Species diversity</topic><topic>Species richness</topic><topic>Structure-function relationships</topic><topic>Taiga & tundra</topic><topic>Tundra</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Prager, Case M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Naeem, Shahid</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boelman, Natalie T.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eitel, Jan U. 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H.</au><au>Greaves, Heather E.</au><au>Heskel, Mary A.</au><au>Magney, Troy S.</au><au>Menge, Duncan N.L.</au><au>Vierling, Lee A.</au><au>Griffin, Kevin L.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A gradient of nutrient enrichment reveals nonlinear impacts of fertilization on Arctic plant diversity and ecosystem function</atitle><jtitle>Ecology and evolution</jtitle><addtitle>Ecol Evol</addtitle><date>2017-04</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>7</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>2449</spage><epage>2460</epage><pages>2449-2460</pages><issn>2045-7758</issn><eissn>2045-7758</eissn><abstract>Rapid environmental change at high latitudes is predicted to greatly alter the diversity, structure, and function of plant communities, resulting in changes in the pools and fluxes of nutrients. In Arctic tundra, increased nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) availability accompanying warming is known to impact plant diversity and ecosystem function; however, to date, most studies examining Arctic nutrient enrichment focus on the impact of relatively large (>25x estimated naturally occurring N enrichment) doses of nutrients on plant community composition and net primary productivity. To understand the impacts of Arctic nutrient enrichment, we examined plant community composition and the capacity for ecosystem function (net ecosystem exchange, ecosystem respiration, and gross primary production) across a gradient of experimental N and P addition expected to more closely approximate warming‐induced fertilization. In addition, we compared our measured ecosystem CO2 flux data to a widely used Arctic ecosystem exchange model to investigate the ability to predict the capacity for CO2 exchange with nutrient addition. We observed declines in abundance‐weighted plant diversity at low levels of nutrient enrichment, but species richness and the capacity for ecosystem carbon uptake did not change until the highest level of fertilization. When we compared our measured data to the model, we found that the model explained roughly 30%–50% of the variance in the observed data, depending on the flux variable, and the relationship weakened at high levels of enrichment. Our results suggest that while a relatively small amount of nutrient enrichment impacts plant diversity, only relatively large levels of fertilization—over an order of magnitude or more than warming‐induced rates—significantly alter the capacity for tundra CO2 exchange. Overall, our findings highlight the value of measuring and modeling the impacts of a nutrient enrichment gradient, as warming‐related nutrient availability may impact ecosystems differently than single‐level fertilization experiments.
To understand the impacts of Arctic nutrient enrichment, we examined plant community composition and the capacity for ecosystem function (net ecosystem exchange, ecosystem respiration, and gross primary production) across a gradient of experimental N and P addition expected to more closely approximate warming‐induced fertilization. We observed declines in abundance‐weighted plant diversity at low levels of nutrient enrichment, but species richness and the capacity for ecosystem carbon uptake did not change until the highest level of fertilization. When we compared our measured data to a widely used ecosystem CO2 exchange model, we found that the model explained roughly 30%–50% of the variance in the observed data, depending on the flux variable, and the relationship weakened at high levels of enrichment. Our results suggest that while a relatively small amount of nutrient enrichment impacts plant diversity, only relatively large levels of fertilization—over an order of magnitude or more than warming‐induced rates—significantly alter the capacity for tundra CO2 exchange.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</pub><pmid>28405308</pmid><doi>10.1002/ece3.2863</doi><tpages>12</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9198-5586</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Arctic Biodiversity Biomass Carbon dioxide climate change Community composition Composition ecosystem function ecosystem respiration Ecosystems Elmendorf, Henry Environmental changes Environmental impact Estimates Exchanging Experiments Fertilization Flowers & plants Fluxes gross primary productivity Levels net ecosystem CO2 exchange Net Primary Productivity Nitrogen Nitrogen enrichment Nutrient availability Nutrient enrichment Nutrient uptake Nutrients Original Research Phosphorus Plant communities Plant diversity Plant populations Polar environments Primary production Productivity Species diversity Species richness Structure-function relationships Taiga & tundra Tundra |
title | A gradient of nutrient enrichment reveals nonlinear impacts of fertilization on Arctic plant diversity and ecosystem function |
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