African swine fever: a global view of the current challenge
African Swine Fever (ASF) is an important contagious haemorrhagic viral disease affecting swine whose notification is mandatory due to its high mortality rates and the great sanitary and socioeconomic impact it has on international trade in animal and swine products. This disease only affects porcin...
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description | African Swine Fever (ASF) is an important contagious haemorrhagic viral disease affecting swine whose notification is mandatory due to its high mortality rates and the great sanitary and socioeconomic impact it has on international trade in animal and swine products. This disease only affects porcine species, both wild and domestic, and produces a variety of clinical signs such as fever and functional disorders of the digestive and respiratory systems. Lesions are mainly characterized by congestive-haemorrhagic alterations. ASF epidemiology varies significantly between countries, regions and continents, since it depends on the characteristics of the virus in circulation, the presence of wild hosts and reservoirs, environmental conditions and human social behaviour. Furthermore, a specific host will not necessarily always play the same active role in the spread and maintenance of ASF in a particular area. Currently, ASF is endemic in most sub-Saharan African countries where wild hosts and tick vectors (
) play an important role acting as biological reservoirs for the virus. In Europe, the disease has been endemic since 1978 on the island of Sardinia (Italy) and since 2007, when it was first reported in Georgia, in a number of Eastern European countries. It is also endemic in certain regions of the Russia Federation, where domestic pig and wild boar populations are widely affected. By contrast, in the affected eastern European Union (EU) countries where ASF is currently as epidemic, the on-going spread of the disease affects mainly wild boar populations located in restricted areas and, to a much less extent, domestic pigs. Unlike most livestock diseases, no vaccine or specific treatment is currently available for ASF. Therefore, disease control is mainly based on early detection and the application of strict sanitary and biosecurity measures. Epidemiology of ASF is very complex by the existence of different virus circulating, reservoirs and a number of scenarios, and the on-going spread of the disease through Africa and Europe. Survivor pigs can remain persistently infected for months which may contribute to virus transmission and thus the spread and maintenance of the disease, thereby complicating attempts to control it. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1186/s40813-015-0013-y |
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) play an important role acting as biological reservoirs for the virus. In Europe, the disease has been endemic since 1978 on the island of Sardinia (Italy) and since 2007, when it was first reported in Georgia, in a number of Eastern European countries. It is also endemic in certain regions of the Russia Federation, where domestic pig and wild boar populations are widely affected. By contrast, in the affected eastern European Union (EU) countries where ASF is currently as epidemic, the on-going spread of the disease affects mainly wild boar populations located in restricted areas and, to a much less extent, domestic pigs. Unlike most livestock diseases, no vaccine or specific treatment is currently available for ASF. Therefore, disease control is mainly based on early detection and the application of strict sanitary and biosecurity measures. Epidemiology of ASF is very complex by the existence of different virus circulating, reservoirs and a number of scenarios, and the on-going spread of the disease through Africa and Europe. Survivor pigs can remain persistently infected for months which may contribute to virus transmission and thus the spread and maintenance of the disease, thereby complicating attempts to control it.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2055-5660</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2055-5660</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1186/s40813-015-0013-y</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28405426</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: BioMed Central Ltd</publisher><subject>Disease transmission ; Epidemics ; Epidemiology ; Hog cholera ; Interpersonal relations ; Livestock ; Review ; Virus diseases</subject><ispartof>Porcine Health Management, 2015-12, Vol.1 (1), p.21-21, Article 21</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2015 BioMed Central Ltd.</rights><rights>Copyright BioMed Central 2015</rights><rights>Gallardo et al. 2015</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c532t-65ed923626d5db22546f8c2f8160762c0072c93053d8b68b220cf51cbf147a6a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c532t-65ed923626d5db22546f8c2f8160762c0072c93053d8b68b220cf51cbf147a6a3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5382474/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5382474/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,728,781,785,865,886,27926,27927,53793,53795</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28405426$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Gallardo, Ma Carmen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reoyo, Ana de la Torre</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fernández-Pinero, Jovita</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Iglesias, Irene</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Muñoz, Ma Jesús</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arias, Ma Luisa</creatorcontrib><title>African swine fever: a global view of the current challenge</title><title>Porcine Health Management</title><addtitle>Porcine Health Manag</addtitle><description>African Swine Fever (ASF) is an important contagious haemorrhagic viral disease affecting swine whose notification is mandatory due to its high mortality rates and the great sanitary and socioeconomic impact it has on international trade in animal and swine products. This disease only affects porcine species, both wild and domestic, and produces a variety of clinical signs such as fever and functional disorders of the digestive and respiratory systems. Lesions are mainly characterized by congestive-haemorrhagic alterations. ASF epidemiology varies significantly between countries, regions and continents, since it depends on the characteristics of the virus in circulation, the presence of wild hosts and reservoirs, environmental conditions and human social behaviour. Furthermore, a specific host will not necessarily always play the same active role in the spread and maintenance of ASF in a particular area. Currently, ASF is endemic in most sub-Saharan African countries where wild hosts and tick vectors (
) play an important role acting as biological reservoirs for the virus. In Europe, the disease has been endemic since 1978 on the island of Sardinia (Italy) and since 2007, when it was first reported in Georgia, in a number of Eastern European countries. It is also endemic in certain regions of the Russia Federation, where domestic pig and wild boar populations are widely affected. By contrast, in the affected eastern European Union (EU) countries where ASF is currently as epidemic, the on-going spread of the disease affects mainly wild boar populations located in restricted areas and, to a much less extent, domestic pigs. Unlike most livestock diseases, no vaccine or specific treatment is currently available for ASF. Therefore, disease control is mainly based on early detection and the application of strict sanitary and biosecurity measures. Epidemiology of ASF is very complex by the existence of different virus circulating, reservoirs and a number of scenarios, and the on-going spread of the disease through Africa and Europe. Survivor pigs can remain persistently infected for months which may contribute to virus transmission and thus the spread and maintenance of the disease, thereby complicating attempts to control it.</description><subject>Disease transmission</subject><subject>Epidemics</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Hog cholera</subject><subject>Interpersonal relations</subject><subject>Livestock</subject><subject>Review</subject><subject>Virus diseases</subject><issn>2055-5660</issn><issn>2055-5660</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2015</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkU1rVDEUhoMottT-ADcScOPm1nwnV0EYil9QcKPrkJt7MpOSSWoyd8r8ezNMLVWyyCF53vecw4vQa0quKDXqfRPEUD4QKgdCenF4hs4ZkXKQSpHnT-ozdNnaLemQ0lxq-hKdMSOIFEydo4-rUKN3Gbf7mAEH2EP9gB1epzK5hPcR7nEJeLcB7JdaIe-w37iUIK_hFXoRXGpw-XBfoF9fPv-8_jbc_Pj6_Xp1M3jJ2W5QEuaRccXULOeJMSlUMJ4FQxXRinlCNPMjJ5LPZlKmE8QHSf0UqNBOOX6BPp1875ZpC7PvQ1SX7F2NW1cPtrho__3JcWPXZW8lN0xo0Q3ePRjU8nuBtrPb2Dyk5DKUpVlqjBaMGDV29O1_6G1Zau7rWao1NZxoyjt1daLWLoGNOZTe1_czwzb6kiHE_r4SahzNSNnRlp4EvpbWKoTH6SmxxzjtKU7b47THOO2ha948XftR8Tc8_gdMVpjr</recordid><startdate>20151223</startdate><enddate>20151223</enddate><creator>Gallardo, Ma Carmen</creator><creator>Reoyo, Ana de la Torre</creator><creator>Fernández-Pinero, Jovita</creator><creator>Iglesias, Irene</creator><creator>Muñoz, Ma Jesús</creator><creator>Arias, Ma Luisa</creator><general>BioMed Central Ltd</general><general>BioMed Central</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IAO</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20151223</creationdate><title>African swine fever: a global view of the current challenge</title><author>Gallardo, Ma Carmen ; Reoyo, Ana de la Torre ; Fernández-Pinero, Jovita ; Iglesias, Irene ; Muñoz, Ma Jesús ; Arias, Ma Luisa</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c532t-65ed923626d5db22546f8c2f8160762c0072c93053d8b68b220cf51cbf147a6a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2015</creationdate><topic>Disease transmission</topic><topic>Epidemics</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Hog cholera</topic><topic>Interpersonal relations</topic><topic>Livestock</topic><topic>Review</topic><topic>Virus diseases</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Gallardo, Ma Carmen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reoyo, Ana de la Torre</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fernández-Pinero, Jovita</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Iglesias, Irene</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Muñoz, Ma Jesús</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arias, Ma Luisa</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale Academic OneFile</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Porcine Health Management</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Gallardo, Ma Carmen</au><au>Reoyo, Ana de la Torre</au><au>Fernández-Pinero, Jovita</au><au>Iglesias, Irene</au><au>Muñoz, Ma Jesús</au><au>Arias, Ma Luisa</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>African swine fever: a global view of the current challenge</atitle><jtitle>Porcine Health Management</jtitle><addtitle>Porcine Health Manag</addtitle><date>2015-12-23</date><risdate>2015</risdate><volume>1</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>21</spage><epage>21</epage><pages>21-21</pages><artnum>21</artnum><issn>2055-5660</issn><eissn>2055-5660</eissn><abstract>African Swine Fever (ASF) is an important contagious haemorrhagic viral disease affecting swine whose notification is mandatory due to its high mortality rates and the great sanitary and socioeconomic impact it has on international trade in animal and swine products. This disease only affects porcine species, both wild and domestic, and produces a variety of clinical signs such as fever and functional disorders of the digestive and respiratory systems. Lesions are mainly characterized by congestive-haemorrhagic alterations. ASF epidemiology varies significantly between countries, regions and continents, since it depends on the characteristics of the virus in circulation, the presence of wild hosts and reservoirs, environmental conditions and human social behaviour. Furthermore, a specific host will not necessarily always play the same active role in the spread and maintenance of ASF in a particular area. Currently, ASF is endemic in most sub-Saharan African countries where wild hosts and tick vectors (
) play an important role acting as biological reservoirs for the virus. In Europe, the disease has been endemic since 1978 on the island of Sardinia (Italy) and since 2007, when it was first reported in Georgia, in a number of Eastern European countries. It is also endemic in certain regions of the Russia Federation, where domestic pig and wild boar populations are widely affected. By contrast, in the affected eastern European Union (EU) countries where ASF is currently as epidemic, the on-going spread of the disease affects mainly wild boar populations located in restricted areas and, to a much less extent, domestic pigs. Unlike most livestock diseases, no vaccine or specific treatment is currently available for ASF. Therefore, disease control is mainly based on early detection and the application of strict sanitary and biosecurity measures. Epidemiology of ASF is very complex by the existence of different virus circulating, reservoirs and a number of scenarios, and the on-going spread of the disease through Africa and Europe. Survivor pigs can remain persistently infected for months which may contribute to virus transmission and thus the spread and maintenance of the disease, thereby complicating attempts to control it.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>BioMed Central Ltd</pub><pmid>28405426</pmid><doi>10.1186/s40813-015-0013-y</doi><tpages>1</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Disease transmission Epidemics Epidemiology Hog cholera Interpersonal relations Livestock Review Virus diseases |
title | African swine fever: a global view of the current challenge |
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