Spread from the Sink to the Patient: In Situ Study Using Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)-Expressing Escherichia coli To Model Bacterial Dispersion from Hand-Washing Sink-Trap Reservoirs
There have been an increasing number of reports implicating as often carrying genes of drug resistance from colonized sink traps to vulnerable hospitalized patients. However, the mechanism of transmission from the wastewater of the sink P-trap to patients remains poorly understood. Herein we report...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Applied and environmental microbiology 2017-04, Vol.83 (8), p.E03327 |
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| creator | Kotay, Shireen Chai, Weidong Guilford, William Barry, Katie Mathers, Amy J |
| description | There have been an increasing number of reports implicating
as often carrying genes of drug resistance from colonized sink traps to vulnerable hospitalized patients. However, the mechanism of transmission from the wastewater of the sink P-trap to patients remains poorly understood. Herein we report the use of a designated hand-washing sink lab gallery to model dispersion of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing
from sink wastewater to the surrounding environment. We found no dispersion of GFP-expressing
directly from the P-trap to the sink basin or surrounding countertop with coincident water flow from a faucet. However, when the GFP-expressing
cells were allowed to mature in the P-trap under conditions similar to those in a hospital environment, a GFP-expressing
-containing putative biofilm extended upward over 7 days to reach the strainer. This subsequently resulted in droplet dispersion to the surrounding areas ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1128/AEM.03327-16 |
| format | Article |
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as often carrying genes of drug resistance from colonized sink traps to vulnerable hospitalized patients. However, the mechanism of transmission from the wastewater of the sink P-trap to patients remains poorly understood. Herein we report the use of a designated hand-washing sink lab gallery to model dispersion of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing
from sink wastewater to the surrounding environment. We found no dispersion of GFP-expressing
directly from the P-trap to the sink basin or surrounding countertop with coincident water flow from a faucet. However, when the GFP-expressing
cells were allowed to mature in the P-trap under conditions similar to those in a hospital environment, a GFP-expressing
-containing putative biofilm extended upward over 7 days to reach the strainer. This subsequently resulted in droplet dispersion to the surrounding areas (<30 in.) during faucet operation. We also demonstrated that P-trap colonization could occur by retrograde transmission along a common pipe. We postulate that the organisms mobilize up to the strainer from the P-trap, resulting in droplet dispersion rather than dispersion directly from the P-trap. This work helps to further define the mode of transmission of bacteria from a P-trap reservoir to a vulnerable hospitalized patient.
Many recent reports demonstrate that sink drain pipes become colonized with highly consequential multidrug-resistant bacteria, which then results in hospital-acquired infections. However, the mechanism of dispersal of bacteria from the sink to patients has not been fully elucidated. Through establishment of a unique sink gallery, this work found that a staged mode of transmission involving biofilm growth from the lower pipe to the sink strainer and subsequent splatter to the bowl and surrounding area occurs rather than splatter directly from the water in the lower pipe. We have also demonstrated that bacterial transmission can occur via connections in wastewater plumbing to neighboring sinks. This work helps to more clearly define the mechanism and risk of transmission from a wastewater source to hospitalized patients in a world with increasingly antibiotic-resistant bacteria that can thrive in wastewater environments and cause infections in vulnerable patients.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0099-2240</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1098-5336</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1128/AEM.03327-16</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28235877</identifier><identifier>CODEN: AEMIDF</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: American Society for Microbiology</publisher><subject>Biofilms ; Cells ; Cross Infection - microbiology ; Cross Infection - prevention & control ; Disease Reservoirs - microbiology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; E coli ; Equipment Contamination ; Escherichia coli ; Escherichia coli - chemistry ; Escherichia coli - isolation & purification ; Escherichia coli Infections - microbiology ; Escherichia coli Infections - transmission ; Genes ; Green Fluorescent Proteins - analysis ; Hand Disinfection ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Inpatients ; Protein expression ; Public and Environmental Health Microbiology ; Spotlight ; Waste Water - microbiology</subject><ispartof>Applied and environmental microbiology, 2017-04, Vol.83 (8), p.E03327</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2017 Kotay et al.</rights><rights>Copyright American Society for Microbiology Apr 2017</rights><rights>Copyright © 2017 Kotay et al. 2017 Kotay et al.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c445t-da2df8f96eb98539e14b1d070069e07dd45d28759f899ed86363162e8bd846b63</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c445t-da2df8f96eb98539e14b1d070069e07dd45d28759f899ed86363162e8bd846b63</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5377511/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5377511/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,3188,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28235877$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>McBain, Andrew J.</contributor><creatorcontrib>Kotay, Shireen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chai, Weidong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guilford, William</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barry, Katie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mathers, Amy J</creatorcontrib><title>Spread from the Sink to the Patient: In Situ Study Using Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)-Expressing Escherichia coli To Model Bacterial Dispersion from Hand-Washing Sink-Trap Reservoirs</title><title>Applied and environmental microbiology</title><addtitle>Appl Environ Microbiol</addtitle><description>There have been an increasing number of reports implicating
as often carrying genes of drug resistance from colonized sink traps to vulnerable hospitalized patients. However, the mechanism of transmission from the wastewater of the sink P-trap to patients remains poorly understood. Herein we report the use of a designated hand-washing sink lab gallery to model dispersion of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing
from sink wastewater to the surrounding environment. We found no dispersion of GFP-expressing
directly from the P-trap to the sink basin or surrounding countertop with coincident water flow from a faucet. However, when the GFP-expressing
cells were allowed to mature in the P-trap under conditions similar to those in a hospital environment, a GFP-expressing
-containing putative biofilm extended upward over 7 days to reach the strainer. This subsequently resulted in droplet dispersion to the surrounding areas (<30 in.) during faucet operation. We also demonstrated that P-trap colonization could occur by retrograde transmission along a common pipe. We postulate that the organisms mobilize up to the strainer from the P-trap, resulting in droplet dispersion rather than dispersion directly from the P-trap. This work helps to further define the mode of transmission of bacteria from a P-trap reservoir to a vulnerable hospitalized patient.
Many recent reports demonstrate that sink drain pipes become colonized with highly consequential multidrug-resistant bacteria, which then results in hospital-acquired infections. However, the mechanism of dispersal of bacteria from the sink to patients has not been fully elucidated. Through establishment of a unique sink gallery, this work found that a staged mode of transmission involving biofilm growth from the lower pipe to the sink strainer and subsequent splatter to the bowl and surrounding area occurs rather than splatter directly from the water in the lower pipe. We have also demonstrated that bacterial transmission can occur via connections in wastewater plumbing to neighboring sinks. This work helps to more clearly define the mechanism and risk of transmission from a wastewater source to hospitalized patients in a world with increasingly antibiotic-resistant bacteria that can thrive in wastewater environments and cause infections in vulnerable patients.</description><subject>Biofilms</subject><subject>Cells</subject><subject>Cross Infection - microbiology</subject><subject>Cross Infection - prevention & control</subject><subject>Disease Reservoirs - microbiology</subject><subject>Drug Resistance, Bacterial</subject><subject>E coli</subject><subject>Equipment Contamination</subject><subject>Escherichia coli</subject><subject>Escherichia coli - chemistry</subject><subject>Escherichia coli - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Escherichia coli Infections - microbiology</subject><subject>Escherichia coli Infections - transmission</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Green Fluorescent Proteins - analysis</subject><subject>Hand Disinfection</subject><subject>Hospitalization</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Inpatients</subject><subject>Protein expression</subject><subject>Public and Environmental Health Microbiology</subject><subject>Spotlight</subject><subject>Waste Water - microbiology</subject><issn>0099-2240</issn><issn>1098-5336</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNks1uEzEUhUcIRENhxxpZYlMkptjj8R8LpFKStFIrIpKKpeWM7zQuEzvYMxV9NN4OJykVsGLlK99PR-dcnaJ4SfAxIZV8dzK-PMaUVqIk_FExIljJklHKHxcjjJUqq6rGB8WzlG4wxjXm8mlxUMmKMinEqPg530QwFrUxrFG_AjR3_hvqw26emd6B79-jc5__-wHN-8Heoavk_DWaRgCPJt0QIqQmY2gWQw_Oo6PpZPamHP_IymmHjlOzguialTOoCZ1Di4Aug4UOfTRNnzemQ59c2kBMLvi9lzPjbfnVpNVWYGuqXESzQV8gQbwNLqbnxZPWdAle3L-HxdVkvDg9Ky8-T89PTy7Kpq5ZX1pT2Va2isNSSUYVkHpJLBYYcwVYWFszW0nBVCuVAis55ZTwCuTSypovOT0sPux1N8NyDXabNJpOb6Jbm3ing3H67413K30dbjWjQjBCssDRvUAM3wdIvV67fLCuMx7CkDSRikhRMyb-AxUVE5zVNKOv_0FvwhB9vkSmJBOsZgpn6u2eamJIKUL74Jtgva2PzvXRu_poss366s-sD_DvvtBf_jDBeg</recordid><startdate>20170401</startdate><enddate>20170401</enddate><creator>Kotay, Shireen</creator><creator>Chai, Weidong</creator><creator>Guilford, William</creator><creator>Barry, Katie</creator><creator>Mathers, Amy J</creator><general>American Society for Microbiology</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>SOI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20170401</creationdate><title>Spread from the Sink to the Patient: In Situ Study Using Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)-Expressing Escherichia coli To Model Bacterial Dispersion from Hand-Washing Sink-Trap Reservoirs</title><author>Kotay, Shireen ; Chai, Weidong ; Guilford, William ; Barry, Katie ; Mathers, Amy J</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c445t-da2df8f96eb98539e14b1d070069e07dd45d28759f899ed86363162e8bd846b63</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Biofilms</topic><topic>Cells</topic><topic>Cross Infection - microbiology</topic><topic>Cross Infection - prevention & control</topic><topic>Disease Reservoirs - microbiology</topic><topic>Drug Resistance, Bacterial</topic><topic>E coli</topic><topic>Equipment Contamination</topic><topic>Escherichia coli</topic><topic>Escherichia coli - chemistry</topic><topic>Escherichia coli - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Escherichia coli Infections - microbiology</topic><topic>Escherichia coli Infections - transmission</topic><topic>Genes</topic><topic>Green Fluorescent Proteins - analysis</topic><topic>Hand Disinfection</topic><topic>Hospitalization</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Inpatients</topic><topic>Protein expression</topic><topic>Public and Environmental Health Microbiology</topic><topic>Spotlight</topic><topic>Waste Water - microbiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kotay, Shireen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chai, Weidong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guilford, William</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barry, Katie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mathers, Amy J</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Nucleic Acids Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>Environment Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Applied and environmental microbiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kotay, Shireen</au><au>Chai, Weidong</au><au>Guilford, William</au><au>Barry, Katie</au><au>Mathers, Amy J</au><au>McBain, Andrew J.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Spread from the Sink to the Patient: In Situ Study Using Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)-Expressing Escherichia coli To Model Bacterial Dispersion from Hand-Washing Sink-Trap Reservoirs</atitle><jtitle>Applied and environmental microbiology</jtitle><addtitle>Appl Environ Microbiol</addtitle><date>2017-04-01</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>83</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>E03327</spage><pages>E03327-</pages><issn>0099-2240</issn><eissn>1098-5336</eissn><coden>AEMIDF</coden><abstract>There have been an increasing number of reports implicating
as often carrying genes of drug resistance from colonized sink traps to vulnerable hospitalized patients. However, the mechanism of transmission from the wastewater of the sink P-trap to patients remains poorly understood. Herein we report the use of a designated hand-washing sink lab gallery to model dispersion of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing
from sink wastewater to the surrounding environment. We found no dispersion of GFP-expressing
directly from the P-trap to the sink basin or surrounding countertop with coincident water flow from a faucet. However, when the GFP-expressing
cells were allowed to mature in the P-trap under conditions similar to those in a hospital environment, a GFP-expressing
-containing putative biofilm extended upward over 7 days to reach the strainer. This subsequently resulted in droplet dispersion to the surrounding areas (<30 in.) during faucet operation. We also demonstrated that P-trap colonization could occur by retrograde transmission along a common pipe. We postulate that the organisms mobilize up to the strainer from the P-trap, resulting in droplet dispersion rather than dispersion directly from the P-trap. This work helps to further define the mode of transmission of bacteria from a P-trap reservoir to a vulnerable hospitalized patient.
Many recent reports demonstrate that sink drain pipes become colonized with highly consequential multidrug-resistant bacteria, which then results in hospital-acquired infections. However, the mechanism of dispersal of bacteria from the sink to patients has not been fully elucidated. Through establishment of a unique sink gallery, this work found that a staged mode of transmission involving biofilm growth from the lower pipe to the sink strainer and subsequent splatter to the bowl and surrounding area occurs rather than splatter directly from the water in the lower pipe. We have also demonstrated that bacterial transmission can occur via connections in wastewater plumbing to neighboring sinks. This work helps to more clearly define the mechanism and risk of transmission from a wastewater source to hospitalized patients in a world with increasingly antibiotic-resistant bacteria that can thrive in wastewater environments and cause infections in vulnerable patients.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>American Society for Microbiology</pub><pmid>28235877</pmid><doi>10.1128/AEM.03327-16</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Biofilms Cells Cross Infection - microbiology Cross Infection - prevention & control Disease Reservoirs - microbiology Drug Resistance, Bacterial E coli Equipment Contamination Escherichia coli Escherichia coli - chemistry Escherichia coli - isolation & purification Escherichia coli Infections - microbiology Escherichia coli Infections - transmission Genes Green Fluorescent Proteins - analysis Hand Disinfection Hospitalization Humans Inpatients Protein expression Public and Environmental Health Microbiology Spotlight Waste Water - microbiology |
| title | Spread from the Sink to the Patient: In Situ Study Using Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)-Expressing Escherichia coli To Model Bacterial Dispersion from Hand-Washing Sink-Trap Reservoirs |
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