C-reactive protein and risk of breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Associations between elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) and breast cancer risk have been reported for many years, but the results remain controversial. To address this issue, a meta-analysis was therefore conducted. Eligible studies were identified by searching the PubMed and EMBASE up to December 2014. Study-specific risk estimates were combined using a random-effects model. Altogether fifteen cohort and case-control studies were included in this meta-analysis, involving a total of 5,286 breast cancer cases. The combined OR per natural log unit change in CRP for breast cancer was 1.16 (95% CI : 1.06-1.27). There was moderate heterogeneity among studies ( I 2 = 45.9%). The association was stronger in Asian population ( OR = 1.57, 95% CI : 1.25-1.96) compared to European ( OR = 1.12, 95% CI : 1.02-1.23) and American ( OR = 1.08, 95% CI : 1.01-1.16). Prediagnostic high-sensitivity CRP concentrations ( OR = 1.22, 95% CI : 1.10-1.35) was superior to common CRP ( OR = 1.08, 95% CI : 1.01-1.15) in predicting breast cancer risk. The meta-analysis indicated that elevated CRP levels was associated with increased risk of breast cancer. Further research effort should be performed to identify whether CRP, as a marker of inflammation, plays a direct role in breast carcinogenesis.