Estimated Daily Intake and Cumulative Risk Assessment of Phthalates in the General Taiwanese after the 2011 DEHP Food Scandal
A food scandal occurred in Taiwan in 2011 because the DEHP (di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate) had been intentionally used in food products. We assessed the daily intakes (DIs) and cumulative risk of phthalates in Taiwan’s general population after the scandal. The DIs of 6 phthalates, including di-n-butyl p...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Scientific reports 2017-03, Vol.7 (1), p.45009-45009, Article 45009 |
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| creator | Chang, Jung-Wei Lee, Ching-Chang Pan, Wen-Harn Chou, Wei-Chun Huang, Han-Bin Chiang, Hung-Che Huang, Po-Chin |
| description | A food scandal occurred in Taiwan in 2011 because the DEHP (di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate) had been intentionally used in food products. We assessed the daily intakes (DIs) and cumulative risk of phthalates in Taiwan’s general population after the scandal. The DIs of 6 phthalates, including di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), di-iso-butyl phthalate (DiBP), and DEHP, were evaluated using urinary phthalate metabolites. Hazard quotients of phthalates classified as affecting the reproductive (HQ
rep
) and hepatic (HQ
hep
) systems were assessed using cumulative approach. The creatinine-based model showed that the highest DI values in children 7-to 12- years-old were for DEHP (males: median: 4.79 μg/kg bw/d; females: median: 2.62 μg/kg bw/d). The 95
th
percentile (P95) of HQ
rep
values were all >1 in the 7- to 12-year-old and 18- to 40-year-old male groups. The P95 of HQ
hep
values were all >1 in the 7- to 18- year-old male groups. Most of the HQ
rep
was attributable to the HQs of DnBP and DiBP (53.9–84.7%), and DEHP contributed most to HQ
hep
(83.1–98.6%), which reveals that DnBP, DiBP and DEHP were the main risk of phthalate exposure for Taiwanese. Taiwan’s general population is widely exposed to DnBP, DiBP and DEHP, especially for young children. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/srep45009 |
| format | Article |
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rep
) and hepatic (HQ
hep
) systems were assessed using cumulative approach. The creatinine-based model showed that the highest DI values in children 7-to 12- years-old were for DEHP (males: median: 4.79 μg/kg bw/d; females: median: 2.62 μg/kg bw/d). The 95
th
percentile (P95) of HQ
rep
values were all >1 in the 7- to 12-year-old and 18- to 40-year-old male groups. The P95 of HQ
hep
values were all >1 in the 7- to 18- year-old male groups. Most of the HQ
rep
was attributable to the HQs of DnBP and DiBP (53.9–84.7%), and DEHP contributed most to HQ
hep
(83.1–98.6%), which reveals that DnBP, DiBP and DEHP were the main risk of phthalate exposure for Taiwanese. Taiwan’s general population is widely exposed to DnBP, DiBP and DEHP, especially for young children.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2045-2322</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2045-2322</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/srep45009</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28327585</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>692/308/174 ; 704/172/169/895 ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Chemical industry ; Child ; Children ; Creatinine ; Environmental Exposure - adverse effects ; Female ; Food ; Food Contamination ; Food Safety ; Hogs ; Humanities and Social Sciences ; Humans ; Male ; Metabolites ; Middle Aged ; multidisciplinary ; n-Butyl phthalate ; Phthalate esters ; Phthalic Acids - adverse effects ; Public Health Surveillance ; Risk Assessment ; Scandals ; Science ; Taiwan ; Toxicity Tests ; Urinalysis ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Scientific reports, 2017-03, Vol.7 (1), p.45009-45009, Article 45009</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2017</rights><rights>Copyright Nature Publishing Group Mar 2017</rights><rights>Copyright © 2017, The Author(s) 2017 The Author(s)</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c504t-98bc90297af3f8605d355773b5b9542adbf08ba773660879d6828febf76d445f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c504t-98bc90297af3f8605d355773b5b9542adbf08ba773660879d6828febf76d445f3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5361203/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5361203/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,27903,27904,41099,42168,51554,53769,53771</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28327585$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Chang, Jung-Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Ching-Chang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pan, Wen-Harn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chou, Wei-Chun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Han-Bin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chiang, Hung-Che</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Po-Chin</creatorcontrib><title>Estimated Daily Intake and Cumulative Risk Assessment of Phthalates in the General Taiwanese after the 2011 DEHP Food Scandal</title><title>Scientific reports</title><addtitle>Sci Rep</addtitle><addtitle>Sci Rep</addtitle><description>A food scandal occurred in Taiwan in 2011 because the DEHP (di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate) had been intentionally used in food products. We assessed the daily intakes (DIs) and cumulative risk of phthalates in Taiwan’s general population after the scandal. The DIs of 6 phthalates, including di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), di-iso-butyl phthalate (DiBP), and DEHP, were evaluated using urinary phthalate metabolites. Hazard quotients of phthalates classified as affecting the reproductive (HQ
rep
) and hepatic (HQ
hep
) systems were assessed using cumulative approach. The creatinine-based model showed that the highest DI values in children 7-to 12- years-old were for DEHP (males: median: 4.79 μg/kg bw/d; females: median: 2.62 μg/kg bw/d). The 95
th
percentile (P95) of HQ
rep
values were all >1 in the 7- to 12-year-old and 18- to 40-year-old male groups. The P95 of HQ
hep
values were all >1 in the 7- to 18- year-old male groups. Most of the HQ
rep
was attributable to the HQs of DnBP and DiBP (53.9–84.7%), and DEHP contributed most to HQ
hep
(83.1–98.6%), which reveals that DnBP, DiBP and DEHP were the main risk of phthalate exposure for Taiwanese. Taiwan’s general population is widely exposed to DnBP, DiBP and DEHP, especially for young children.</description><subject>692/308/174</subject><subject>704/172/169/895</subject><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Chemical industry</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Creatinine</subject><subject>Environmental Exposure - adverse effects</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Food</subject><subject>Food Contamination</subject><subject>Food Safety</subject><subject>Hogs</subject><subject>Humanities and Social Sciences</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Metabolites</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>multidisciplinary</subject><subject>n-Butyl phthalate</subject><subject>Phthalate esters</subject><subject>Phthalic Acids - adverse effects</subject><subject>Public Health Surveillance</subject><subject>Risk Assessment</subject><subject>Scandals</subject><subject>Science</subject><subject>Taiwan</subject><subject>Toxicity Tests</subject><subject>Urinalysis</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>2045-2322</issn><issn>2045-2322</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>C6C</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNplkV1rFDEYhYMottRe-Ack4I0K2-ZjMpPcCGW7_YBCi9brkJl50007k6xJptKL_vdGt11WzU1CzsN538NB6D0lB5RweZgirCpBiHqFdhmpxIxxxl5vvXfQfkq3pBzBVEXVW7TDJGeNkGIXPS5SdqPJ0ONj44YHfO6zuQNsfI_n0zgNJrt7wN9cusNHKUFKI_iMg8VXy7w0RYaEncd5CfgUPEQz4GvjfhkPqbjYDPGPxgil-HhxdoVPQujx964MMMM79MaaIcH-872Hfpwsrudns4vL0_P50cWsE6TKMyXbThGmGmO5lTURPReiaXgrWiUqZvrWEtma8lPXRDaqryWTFlrb1H1VCcv30Ne172pqR-i7EqEsqlexRI8POhin_1a8W-qbcK8FrykjvBh8ejaI4ecEKevRpQ6GoeQMU9JUSkJkJago6Md_0NswRV_iaaqKlaxUTQr1eU11MaRSod0sQ4n-3ave9FrYD9vbb8iXFgvwZQ2kIvkbiFsj_3N7AmImq4I</recordid><startdate>20170322</startdate><enddate>20170322</enddate><creator>Chang, Jung-Wei</creator><creator>Lee, Ching-Chang</creator><creator>Pan, Wen-Harn</creator><creator>Chou, Wei-Chun</creator><creator>Huang, Han-Bin</creator><creator>Chiang, Hung-Che</creator><creator>Huang, Po-Chin</creator><general>Nature Publishing Group UK</general><general>Nature Publishing Group</general><scope>C6C</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20170322</creationdate><title>Estimated Daily Intake and Cumulative Risk Assessment of Phthalates in the General Taiwanese after the 2011 DEHP Food Scandal</title><author>Chang, Jung-Wei ; Lee, Ching-Chang ; Pan, Wen-Harn ; Chou, Wei-Chun ; Huang, Han-Bin ; Chiang, Hung-Che ; Huang, Po-Chin</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c504t-98bc90297af3f8605d355773b5b9542adbf08ba773660879d6828febf76d445f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>692/308/174</topic><topic>704/172/169/895</topic><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Chemical industry</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Children</topic><topic>Creatinine</topic><topic>Environmental Exposure - adverse effects</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Food</topic><topic>Food Contamination</topic><topic>Food Safety</topic><topic>Hogs</topic><topic>Humanities and Social Sciences</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Metabolites</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>multidisciplinary</topic><topic>n-Butyl phthalate</topic><topic>Phthalate esters</topic><topic>Phthalic Acids - adverse effects</topic><topic>Public Health Surveillance</topic><topic>Risk Assessment</topic><topic>Scandals</topic><topic>Science</topic><topic>Taiwan</topic><topic>Toxicity Tests</topic><topic>Urinalysis</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Chang, Jung-Wei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Ching-Chang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pan, Wen-Harn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chou, Wei-Chun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Han-Bin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chiang, Hung-Che</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Huang, Po-Chin</creatorcontrib><collection>Springer Nature OA Free Journals</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Biology Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Scientific reports</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Chang, Jung-Wei</au><au>Lee, Ching-Chang</au><au>Pan, Wen-Harn</au><au>Chou, Wei-Chun</au><au>Huang, Han-Bin</au><au>Chiang, Hung-Che</au><au>Huang, Po-Chin</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Estimated Daily Intake and Cumulative Risk Assessment of Phthalates in the General Taiwanese after the 2011 DEHP Food Scandal</atitle><jtitle>Scientific reports</jtitle><stitle>Sci Rep</stitle><addtitle>Sci Rep</addtitle><date>2017-03-22</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>7</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>45009</spage><epage>45009</epage><pages>45009-45009</pages><artnum>45009</artnum><issn>2045-2322</issn><eissn>2045-2322</eissn><abstract>A food scandal occurred in Taiwan in 2011 because the DEHP (di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate) had been intentionally used in food products. We assessed the daily intakes (DIs) and cumulative risk of phthalates in Taiwan’s general population after the scandal. The DIs of 6 phthalates, including di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), di-iso-butyl phthalate (DiBP), and DEHP, were evaluated using urinary phthalate metabolites. Hazard quotients of phthalates classified as affecting the reproductive (HQ
rep
) and hepatic (HQ
hep
) systems were assessed using cumulative approach. The creatinine-based model showed that the highest DI values in children 7-to 12- years-old were for DEHP (males: median: 4.79 μg/kg bw/d; females: median: 2.62 μg/kg bw/d). The 95
th
percentile (P95) of HQ
rep
values were all >1 in the 7- to 12-year-old and 18- to 40-year-old male groups. The P95 of HQ
hep
values were all >1 in the 7- to 18- year-old male groups. Most of the HQ
rep
was attributable to the HQs of DnBP and DiBP (53.9–84.7%), and DEHP contributed most to HQ
hep
(83.1–98.6%), which reveals that DnBP, DiBP and DEHP were the main risk of phthalate exposure for Taiwanese. Taiwan’s general population is widely exposed to DnBP, DiBP and DEHP, especially for young children.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>28327585</pmid><doi>10.1038/srep45009</doi><tpages>1</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | 692/308/174 704/172/169/895 Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Chemical industry Child Children Creatinine Environmental Exposure - adverse effects Female Food Food Contamination Food Safety Hogs Humanities and Social Sciences Humans Male Metabolites Middle Aged multidisciplinary n-Butyl phthalate Phthalate esters Phthalic Acids - adverse effects Public Health Surveillance Risk Assessment Scandals Science Taiwan Toxicity Tests Urinalysis Young Adult |
| title | Estimated Daily Intake and Cumulative Risk Assessment of Phthalates in the General Taiwanese after the 2011 DEHP Food Scandal |
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