A meta-analysis of the effects of cigarette smoking on bone mineral density

To determine the magnitude and mediators of the association between cigarette smoking and bone mass in the epidemiologic literature we reviewed articles, published abstracts, and conference proceedings, identified through MEDLINE, psychological abstracts, conference proceedings, and article bibliogr...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Calcified tissue international 2001-05, Vol.68 (5), p.259-270
Hauptverfasser:	Ward, K D, Klesges, R C
Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	Absorptiometry Absorptiometry, Photon Adult Age Factors Body weight Bone and Bones - drug effects Bone and Bones - metabolism Bone Density - drug effects Bone loss Bone mass Bone mineral density Cigarette smoking Computed tomography Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic Cross-Sectional Studies Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Drug addiction Epidemiology Female Forearm Fractures Fractures, Spontaneous - chemically induced Fractures, Spontaneous - etiology Hip Humans Male Menopause Middle Aged Osteoporosis - etiology Osteoporosis - metabolism Postmenopause Premenopause Prospective Studies Public health Risk Factors Sex Factors Smoking - adverse effects Smoking Cessation Spine (lumbar) Vertebrae
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