Calponin isoforms CNN1, CNN2 and CNN3: Regulators for actin cytoskeleton functions in smooth muscle and non-muscle cells
Calponin is an actin filament-associated regulatory protein expressed in smooth muscle and many types of non-muscle cells. Three homologous genes, CNN1, CNN2 and CNN3, encoding calponin isoforms 1, 2, and 3, respectively, are present in vertebrate species. All three calponin isoforms are actin-bindi...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Gene 2016-07, Vol.585 (1), p.143-153 |
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| description | Calponin is an actin filament-associated regulatory protein expressed in smooth muscle and many types of non-muscle cells. Three homologous genes, CNN1, CNN2 and CNN3, encoding calponin isoforms 1, 2, and 3, respectively, are present in vertebrate species. All three calponin isoforms are actin-binding proteins with functions in inhibiting actin-activated myosin ATPase and stabilizing the actin cytoskeleton, while each isoform executes different physiological roles based on their cell type-specific expressions. Calponin 1 is specifically expressed in smooth muscle cells and plays a role in fine-tuning smooth muscle contractility. Calponin 2 is expressed in both smooth muscle and non-muscle cells and regulates multiple actin cytoskeleton-based functions. Calponin 3 participates in actin cytoskeleton-based activities in embryonic development and myogenesis. Phosphorylation has been extensively studied for the regulation of calponin functions. Cytoskeleton tension regulates the transcription of CNN2 gene and the degradation of calponin 2 protein. This review summarizes our knowledge learned from studies over the past three decades, focusing on the evolutionary lineage of calponin isoform genes, their tissue- and cell type-specific expressions, structure–function relationships, and mechanoregulation. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.gene.2016.02.040 |
| format | Article |
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Three homologous genes, CNN1, CNN2 and CNN3, encoding calponin isoforms 1, 2, and 3, respectively, are present in vertebrate species. All three calponin isoforms are actin-binding proteins with functions in inhibiting actin-activated myosin ATPase and stabilizing the actin cytoskeleton, while each isoform executes different physiological roles based on their cell type-specific expressions. Calponin 1 is specifically expressed in smooth muscle cells and plays a role in fine-tuning smooth muscle contractility. Calponin 2 is expressed in both smooth muscle and non-muscle cells and regulates multiple actin cytoskeleton-based functions. Calponin 3 participates in actin cytoskeleton-based activities in embryonic development and myogenesis. Phosphorylation has been extensively studied for the regulation of calponin functions. Cytoskeleton tension regulates the transcription of CNN2 gene and the degradation of calponin 2 protein. This review summarizes our knowledge learned from studies over the past three decades, focusing on the evolutionary lineage of calponin isoform genes, their tissue- and cell type-specific expressions, structure–function relationships, and mechanoregulation.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0378-1119</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-0038</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.02.040</identifier><identifier>PMID: 26970176</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Netherlands: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>actin ; Actin cytoskeleton ; Actin Cytoskeleton - metabolism ; Calcium-Binding Proteins - genetics ; Calponin isoform genes ; Calponins ; Cell Movement ; embryogenesis ; genes ; Humans ; Mechanoreceptors - metabolism ; Mechanoregulation ; Microfilament Proteins - genetics ; microfilaments ; Muscle Contraction - physiology ; muscle development ; muscle strength ; myocytes ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle - metabolism ; myosin ; Myosins - metabolism ; Non-muscle cell motility ; Organ Specificity - genetics ; phosphorylation ; Protein Isoforms - genetics ; regulatory proteins ; Smooth muscle ; Structure-Activity Relationship ; structure-activity relationships ; vertebrates</subject><ispartof>Gene, 2016-07, Vol.585 (1), p.143-153</ispartof><rights>2016 Elsevier B.V.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378111916301238$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,3537,27901,27902,65306</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26970176$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Liu, Rong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jin, J.-P.</creatorcontrib><title>Calponin isoforms CNN1, CNN2 and CNN3: Regulators for actin cytoskeleton functions in smooth muscle and non-muscle cells</title><title>Gene</title><addtitle>Gene</addtitle><description>Calponin is an actin filament-associated regulatory protein expressed in smooth muscle and many types of non-muscle cells. Three homologous genes, CNN1, CNN2 and CNN3, encoding calponin isoforms 1, 2, and 3, respectively, are present in vertebrate species. All three calponin isoforms are actin-binding proteins with functions in inhibiting actin-activated myosin ATPase and stabilizing the actin cytoskeleton, while each isoform executes different physiological roles based on their cell type-specific expressions. Calponin 1 is specifically expressed in smooth muscle cells and plays a role in fine-tuning smooth muscle contractility. Calponin 2 is expressed in both smooth muscle and non-muscle cells and regulates multiple actin cytoskeleton-based functions. Calponin 3 participates in actin cytoskeleton-based activities in embryonic development and myogenesis. Phosphorylation has been extensively studied for the regulation of calponin functions. Cytoskeleton tension regulates the transcription of CNN2 gene and the degradation of calponin 2 protein. This review summarizes our knowledge learned from studies over the past three decades, focusing on the evolutionary lineage of calponin isoform genes, their tissue- and cell type-specific expressions, structure–function relationships, and mechanoregulation.</description><subject>actin</subject><subject>Actin cytoskeleton</subject><subject>Actin Cytoskeleton - metabolism</subject><subject>Calcium-Binding Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Calponin isoform genes</subject><subject>Calponins</subject><subject>Cell Movement</subject><subject>embryogenesis</subject><subject>genes</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Mechanoreceptors - metabolism</subject><subject>Mechanoregulation</subject><subject>Microfilament Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>microfilaments</subject><subject>Muscle Contraction - physiology</subject><subject>muscle development</subject><subject>muscle strength</subject><subject>myocytes</subject><subject>Myocytes, Smooth Muscle - metabolism</subject><subject>myosin</subject><subject>Myosins - metabolism</subject><subject>Non-muscle cell motility</subject><subject>Organ Specificity - genetics</subject><subject>phosphorylation</subject><subject>Protein Isoforms - genetics</subject><subject>regulatory proteins</subject><subject>Smooth muscle</subject><subject>Structure-Activity Relationship</subject><subject>structure-activity relationships</subject><subject>vertebrates</subject><issn>0378-1119</issn><issn>1879-0038</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNUk1v1DAQtSoQXVr-QA_IRw4k-CNOnAohoRVfUlWkCs6W1x5vvST2EjsV_fc4dFvRE_hgjz1vnjxvHkJnlNSU0PbNrt5CgJqVuCasJg05Qisqu74ihMsnaEV4JytKaX-Mnqe0I2UJwZ6hY9b2HaFdu0K_1nrYx-AD9im6OI0Jry8v6etlZ1gHuwT8HF_Bdh50jlPCBYW1yaXE3OaYfsAAOQbs5lAeY0i4ZNIYY77G45zMAH9oQgzV4WpgGNIpeur0kODF4TxB3z9--Lb-XF18_fRl_f6iAi5FrpwxrHVtzwTIhmropbCWS2ZAOsKYbfjGWWEJtcZRSZwQdgOGSUF7zbW2_AS9u-Pdz5sRrIGQJz2o_eRHPd2qqL16nAn-Wm3jjRKciSJTIXh1IJjizxlSVqNPSws6QJyTopKJhoki9b-hXRlO13YN_R8o57wXhBXoy787ePj6_RAL4O0dAIqONx4mlYyHYMD6CUxWNnpFiVo8o3Zq8YxaPKMIU8Uz_DfMerVZ</recordid><startdate>20160701</startdate><enddate>20160701</enddate><creator>Liu, Rong</creator><creator>Jin, J.-P.</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7S9</scope><scope>L.6</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20160701</creationdate><title>Calponin isoforms CNN1, CNN2 and CNN3: Regulators for actin cytoskeleton functions in smooth muscle and non-muscle cells</title><author>Liu, Rong ; Jin, J.-P.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-e385t-fcc26f6925e841ae985dd382ce8f022d43bfd5d01dcf180f55dbec28519a3aad3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>actin</topic><topic>Actin cytoskeleton</topic><topic>Actin Cytoskeleton - metabolism</topic><topic>Calcium-Binding Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Calponin isoform genes</topic><topic>Calponins</topic><topic>Cell Movement</topic><topic>embryogenesis</topic><topic>genes</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Mechanoreceptors - metabolism</topic><topic>Mechanoregulation</topic><topic>Microfilament Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>microfilaments</topic><topic>Muscle Contraction - physiology</topic><topic>muscle development</topic><topic>muscle strength</topic><topic>myocytes</topic><topic>Myocytes, Smooth Muscle - metabolism</topic><topic>myosin</topic><topic>Myosins - metabolism</topic><topic>Non-muscle cell motility</topic><topic>Organ Specificity - genetics</topic><topic>phosphorylation</topic><topic>Protein Isoforms - genetics</topic><topic>regulatory proteins</topic><topic>Smooth muscle</topic><topic>Structure-Activity Relationship</topic><topic>structure-activity relationships</topic><topic>vertebrates</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Liu, Rong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jin, J.-P.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>AGRICOLA</collection><collection>AGRICOLA - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Gene</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Liu, Rong</au><au>Jin, J.-P.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Calponin isoforms CNN1, CNN2 and CNN3: Regulators for actin cytoskeleton functions in smooth muscle and non-muscle cells</atitle><jtitle>Gene</jtitle><addtitle>Gene</addtitle><date>2016-07-01</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>585</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>143</spage><epage>153</epage><pages>143-153</pages><issn>0378-1119</issn><eissn>1879-0038</eissn><abstract>Calponin is an actin filament-associated regulatory protein expressed in smooth muscle and many types of non-muscle cells. Three homologous genes, CNN1, CNN2 and CNN3, encoding calponin isoforms 1, 2, and 3, respectively, are present in vertebrate species. All three calponin isoforms are actin-binding proteins with functions in inhibiting actin-activated myosin ATPase and stabilizing the actin cytoskeleton, while each isoform executes different physiological roles based on their cell type-specific expressions. Calponin 1 is specifically expressed in smooth muscle cells and plays a role in fine-tuning smooth muscle contractility. Calponin 2 is expressed in both smooth muscle and non-muscle cells and regulates multiple actin cytoskeleton-based functions. Calponin 3 participates in actin cytoskeleton-based activities in embryonic development and myogenesis. Phosphorylation has been extensively studied for the regulation of calponin functions. Cytoskeleton tension regulates the transcription of CNN2 gene and the degradation of calponin 2 protein. This review summarizes our knowledge learned from studies over the past three decades, focusing on the evolutionary lineage of calponin isoform genes, their tissue- and cell type-specific expressions, structure–function relationships, and mechanoregulation.</abstract><cop>Netherlands</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>26970176</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.gene.2016.02.040</doi><tpages>11</tpages></addata></record> |
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| subjects | actin Actin cytoskeleton Actin Cytoskeleton - metabolism Calcium-Binding Proteins - genetics Calponin isoform genes Calponins Cell Movement embryogenesis genes Humans Mechanoreceptors - metabolism Mechanoregulation Microfilament Proteins - genetics microfilaments Muscle Contraction - physiology muscle development muscle strength myocytes Myocytes, Smooth Muscle - metabolism myosin Myosins - metabolism Non-muscle cell motility Organ Specificity - genetics phosphorylation Protein Isoforms - genetics regulatory proteins Smooth muscle Structure-Activity Relationship structure-activity relationships vertebrates |
| title | Calponin isoforms CNN1, CNN2 and CNN3: Regulators for actin cytoskeleton functions in smooth muscle and non-muscle cells |
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