Environmental Enrichment Improves Spatial Learning and Memory in Vascular Dementia Rats with Activation of Wnt/β-Catenin Signal Pathway
BACKGROUND Environmental enrichment (EE) has a beneficial effect on some neuropsychiatric disorders. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether environmental enrichment could improve the spatial learning and memory in rats with vascular dementia (VaD) and the mechanism underpinning it. MATERIAL...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Medical science monitor 2017-01, Vol.23, p.207-215 |
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description | BACKGROUND Environmental enrichment (EE) has a beneficial effect on some neuropsychiatric disorders. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether environmental enrichment could improve the spatial learning and memory in rats with vascular dementia (VaD) and the mechanism underpinning it. MATERIAL AND METHODS Bilateral common carotid occlusion (2-vessel occlusion [2VO]) was used to develop the animal model of vascular dementia. Adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used in the experiment and were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham group, 2VO group, sham+EE group, and 2VO+EE group (n=19/group). The 2VO group and 2VO+EE group underwent bilateral common carotid occlusion. Two different housing conditions were used in this experiment: standard environment (SE) and enriched environment (EE). Rats in the sham group and 2VO group were put into SE cages for 4 weeks, while rats in the sham+EE group and 2VO+EE group were put in EE cages for 4 weeks. The Morris water maze and Y-maze were used to assess spatial learning and memory. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL. The damage of neurons in the hippocampus was assessed by Nissl staining. The level of wnt pathway proteins were detected by Western blot. RESULTS Compared with the 2VO group, the rats in the 2VO+EE group had better behavioral performance, fewer apoptotic neurons, and more surviving neurons. Western blot analysis showed that the levels of wnt pathway proteins were higher in 2VO+EE rats than in the 2VO group. CONCLUSIONS Environmental enrichment can improve the spatial learning and memory in rats with vascular dementia, and the mechanism may be related to activation of the wnt/β-catenin signal pathway. |
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In this study, we aimed to investigate whether environmental enrichment could improve the spatial learning and memory in rats with vascular dementia (VaD) and the mechanism underpinning it. MATERIAL AND METHODS Bilateral common carotid occlusion (2-vessel occlusion [2VO]) was used to develop the animal model of vascular dementia. Adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used in the experiment and were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham group, 2VO group, sham+EE group, and 2VO+EE group (n=19/group). The 2VO group and 2VO+EE group underwent bilateral common carotid occlusion. Two different housing conditions were used in this experiment: standard environment (SE) and enriched environment (EE). Rats in the sham group and 2VO group were put into SE cages for 4 weeks, while rats in the sham+EE group and 2VO+EE group were put in EE cages for 4 weeks. The Morris water maze and Y-maze were used to assess spatial learning and memory. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL. The damage of neurons in the hippocampus was assessed by Nissl staining. The level of wnt pathway proteins were detected by Western blot. RESULTS Compared with the 2VO group, the rats in the 2VO+EE group had better behavioral performance, fewer apoptotic neurons, and more surviving neurons. Western blot analysis showed that the levels of wnt pathway proteins were higher in 2VO+EE rats than in the 2VO group. CONCLUSIONS Environmental enrichment can improve the spatial learning and memory in rats with vascular dementia, and the mechanism may be related to activation of the wnt/β-catenin signal pathway.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1643-3750</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1234-1010</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1643-3750</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.12659/MSM.902728</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28082734</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: International Scientific Literature, Inc</publisher><subject>Animal Study ; Animals ; beta Catenin - metabolism ; Dementia, Vascular - genetics ; Dementia, Vascular - metabolism ; Dementia, Vascular - physiopathology ; Dementia, Vascular - therapy ; Disease Models, Animal ; Environment ; Male ; Maze Learning - physiology ; Memory - physiology ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Social Environment ; Spatial Learning - physiology ; Wnt Signaling Pathway - physiology</subject><ispartof>Medical science monitor, 2017-01, Vol.23, p.207-215</ispartof><rights>Med Sci Monit, 2017 2017</rights><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c423t-1345d280e5352c2b2a623a0d24402aae3649b81e12afc6232cc6e6229d6c38483</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c423t-1345d280e5352c2b2a623a0d24402aae3649b81e12afc6232cc6e6229d6c38483</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5253348/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5253348/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28082734$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Jin, Xinhao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Tao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Lina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ma, Jingxi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yu, Lehua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Changqing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Niu, Lingchuan</creatorcontrib><title>Environmental Enrichment Improves Spatial Learning and Memory in Vascular Dementia Rats with Activation of Wnt/β-Catenin Signal Pathway</title><title>Medical science monitor</title><addtitle>Med Sci Monit</addtitle><description>BACKGROUND Environmental enrichment (EE) has a beneficial effect on some neuropsychiatric disorders. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether environmental enrichment could improve the spatial learning and memory in rats with vascular dementia (VaD) and the mechanism underpinning it. MATERIAL AND METHODS Bilateral common carotid occlusion (2-vessel occlusion [2VO]) was used to develop the animal model of vascular dementia. Adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used in the experiment and were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham group, 2VO group, sham+EE group, and 2VO+EE group (n=19/group). The 2VO group and 2VO+EE group underwent bilateral common carotid occlusion. Two different housing conditions were used in this experiment: standard environment (SE) and enriched environment (EE). Rats in the sham group and 2VO group were put into SE cages for 4 weeks, while rats in the sham+EE group and 2VO+EE group were put in EE cages for 4 weeks. The Morris water maze and Y-maze were used to assess spatial learning and memory. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL. The damage of neurons in the hippocampus was assessed by Nissl staining. The level of wnt pathway proteins were detected by Western blot. RESULTS Compared with the 2VO group, the rats in the 2VO+EE group had better behavioral performance, fewer apoptotic neurons, and more surviving neurons. Western blot analysis showed that the levels of wnt pathway proteins were higher in 2VO+EE rats than in the 2VO group. CONCLUSIONS Environmental enrichment can improve the spatial learning and memory in rats with vascular dementia, and the mechanism may be related to activation of the wnt/β-catenin signal pathway.</description><subject>Animal Study</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>beta Catenin - metabolism</subject><subject>Dementia, Vascular - genetics</subject><subject>Dementia, Vascular - metabolism</subject><subject>Dementia, Vascular - physiopathology</subject><subject>Dementia, Vascular - therapy</subject><subject>Disease Models, Animal</subject><subject>Environment</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Maze Learning - physiology</subject><subject>Memory - physiology</subject><subject>Random Allocation</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</subject><subject>Social Environment</subject><subject>Spatial Learning - physiology</subject><subject>Wnt Signaling Pathway - physiology</subject><issn>1643-3750</issn><issn>1234-1010</issn><issn>1643-3750</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpVkc1uUzEQhS0EoqVlxR55iYRu6_84G6QqhFIpUauGn6U18XUSo3vt1HZS5Q36PDwIz4TblKqsxqNz5vORDkLvKDmhTMnh6XQ2PRkSNmD6BTqkSvCGDyR5-ex9gN7k_IsQphWRr9EB00SzAReH6G4ctj7F0LtQoMPjkLxd3S_4ol-nuHUZz9ZQfNUmDlLwYYkhtHjq-ph22Af8A7LddJDwZ3d_5wFfQ8n41pcVPrPFb-t1DDgu8M9QTv_8bkZQXOXgmV-Gir2CsrqF3TF6tYAuu7eP8wh9_zL-NvraTC7PL0Znk8YKxktDuZBtje8kl8yyOQPFOJCWCUEYgONKDOeaOspgYavErFVOMTZsleVaaH6EPu256828d62tkRN0Zp18D2lnInjzvxL8yizj1kgmOX8AfHgEpHizcbmY3mfrug6Ci5tsqFZUSKG1qtaPe6tNMefkFk_fUGIeujO1O7PvrrrfP0_25P1XFv8LRV6XbQ</recordid><startdate>20170113</startdate><enddate>20170113</enddate><creator>Jin, Xinhao</creator><creator>Li, Tao</creator><creator>Zhang, Lina</creator><creator>Ma, Jingxi</creator><creator>Yu, Lehua</creator><creator>Li, Changqing</creator><creator>Niu, Lingchuan</creator><general>International Scientific Literature, Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20170113</creationdate><title>Environmental Enrichment Improves Spatial Learning and Memory in Vascular Dementia Rats with Activation of Wnt/β-Catenin Signal Pathway</title><author>Jin, Xinhao ; Li, Tao ; Zhang, Lina ; Ma, Jingxi ; Yu, Lehua ; Li, Changqing ; Niu, Lingchuan</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c423t-1345d280e5352c2b2a623a0d24402aae3649b81e12afc6232cc6e6229d6c38483</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>Animal Study</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>beta Catenin - metabolism</topic><topic>Dementia, Vascular - genetics</topic><topic>Dementia, Vascular - metabolism</topic><topic>Dementia, Vascular - physiopathology</topic><topic>Dementia, Vascular - therapy</topic><topic>Disease Models, Animal</topic><topic>Environment</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Maze Learning - physiology</topic><topic>Memory - physiology</topic><topic>Random Allocation</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Rats, Sprague-Dawley</topic><topic>Social Environment</topic><topic>Spatial Learning - physiology</topic><topic>Wnt Signaling Pathway - physiology</topic><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Jin, Xinhao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Tao</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Lina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ma, Jingxi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yu, Lehua</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Changqing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Niu, Lingchuan</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Medical science monitor</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Jin, Xinhao</au><au>Li, Tao</au><au>Zhang, Lina</au><au>Ma, Jingxi</au><au>Yu, Lehua</au><au>Li, Changqing</au><au>Niu, Lingchuan</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Environmental Enrichment Improves Spatial Learning and Memory in Vascular Dementia Rats with Activation of Wnt/β-Catenin Signal Pathway</atitle><jtitle>Medical science monitor</jtitle><addtitle>Med Sci Monit</addtitle><date>2017-01-13</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>23</volume><spage>207</spage><epage>215</epage><pages>207-215</pages><issn>1643-3750</issn><issn>1234-1010</issn><eissn>1643-3750</eissn><abstract>BACKGROUND Environmental enrichment (EE) has a beneficial effect on some neuropsychiatric disorders. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether environmental enrichment could improve the spatial learning and memory in rats with vascular dementia (VaD) and the mechanism underpinning it. MATERIAL AND METHODS Bilateral common carotid occlusion (2-vessel occlusion [2VO]) was used to develop the animal model of vascular dementia. Adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used in the experiment and were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham group, 2VO group, sham+EE group, and 2VO+EE group (n=19/group). The 2VO group and 2VO+EE group underwent bilateral common carotid occlusion. Two different housing conditions were used in this experiment: standard environment (SE) and enriched environment (EE). Rats in the sham group and 2VO group were put into SE cages for 4 weeks, while rats in the sham+EE group and 2VO+EE group were put in EE cages for 4 weeks. The Morris water maze and Y-maze were used to assess spatial learning and memory. Apoptosis was detected by TUNEL. The damage of neurons in the hippocampus was assessed by Nissl staining. The level of wnt pathway proteins were detected by Western blot. RESULTS Compared with the 2VO group, the rats in the 2VO+EE group had better behavioral performance, fewer apoptotic neurons, and more surviving neurons. Western blot analysis showed that the levels of wnt pathway proteins were higher in 2VO+EE rats than in the 2VO group. CONCLUSIONS Environmental enrichment can improve the spatial learning and memory in rats with vascular dementia, and the mechanism may be related to activation of the wnt/β-catenin signal pathway.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>International Scientific Literature, Inc</pub><pmid>28082734</pmid><doi>10.12659/MSM.902728</doi><tpages>9</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Animal Study Animals beta Catenin - metabolism Dementia, Vascular - genetics Dementia, Vascular - metabolism Dementia, Vascular - physiopathology Dementia, Vascular - therapy Disease Models, Animal Environment Male Maze Learning - physiology Memory - physiology Random Allocation Rats Rats, Sprague-Dawley Social Environment Spatial Learning - physiology Wnt Signaling Pathway - physiology |
title | Environmental Enrichment Improves Spatial Learning and Memory in Vascular Dementia Rats with Activation of Wnt/β-Catenin Signal Pathway |
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