Modulation of snow reflectance and snowmelt from Central Asian glaciers by anthropogenic black carbon
Deposited mineral dust and black carbon are known to reduce the albedo of snow and enhance melt. Here we estimate the contribution of anthropogenic black carbon (BC) to snowmelt in glacier accumulation zones of Central Asia based on in-situ measurements and modelling. Source apportionment suggests t...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Scientific reports 2017-01, Vol.7 (1), p.40501-40501, Article 40501 |
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| creator | Schmale, Julia Flanner, Mark Kang, Shichang Sprenger, Michael Zhang, Qianggong Guo, Junming Li, Yang Schwikowski, Margit Farinotti, Daniel |
| description | Deposited mineral dust and black carbon are known to reduce the albedo of snow and enhance melt. Here we estimate the contribution of anthropogenic black carbon (BC) to snowmelt in glacier accumulation zones of Central Asia based on
in-situ
measurements and modelling. Source apportionment suggests that more than 94% of the BC is emitted from mostly regional anthropogenic sources while the remaining contribution comes from natural biomass burning. Even though the annual deposition flux of mineral dust can be up to 20 times higher than that of BC, we find that anthropogenic BC causes the majority (60% on average) of snow darkening. This leads to summer snowmelt rate increases of up to 6.3% (7 cm a
−1
) on glaciers in three different mountain environments in Kyrgyzstan, based on albedo reduction and snowmelt models. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/srep40501 |
| format | Article |
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in-situ
measurements and modelling. Source apportionment suggests that more than 94% of the BC is emitted from mostly regional anthropogenic sources while the remaining contribution comes from natural biomass burning. Even though the annual deposition flux of mineral dust can be up to 20 times higher than that of BC, we find that anthropogenic BC causes the majority (60% on average) of snow darkening. This leads to summer snowmelt rate increases of up to 6.3% (7 cm a
−1
) on glaciers in three different mountain environments in Kyrgyzstan, based on albedo reduction and snowmelt models.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2045-2322</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2045-2322</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/srep40501</identifier><identifier>PMID: 28079148</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>704/106/125 ; 704/106/35/824 ; 704/172/4081 ; Albedo ; Anthropogenic factors ; Biomass ; Black carbon ; Burning ; Carbon ; Dust ; Glaciers ; Humanities and Social Sciences ; multidisciplinary ; Science ; Science (multidisciplinary) ; Snow ; Snow accumulation ; Snowmelt ; Sorption</subject><ispartof>Scientific reports, 2017-01, Vol.7 (1), p.40501-40501, Article 40501</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2017</rights><rights>Copyright Nature Publishing Group Jan 2017</rights><rights>Copyright © 2017, The Author(s) 2017 The Author(s)</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c438t-11e28daf583d6e28ae1c175c2fb69522515336f433aa5a4ae81b7f7ab16ae6073</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c438t-11e28daf583d6e28ae1c175c2fb69522515336f433aa5a4ae81b7f7ab16ae6073</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5228185/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5228185/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,27923,27924,41119,42188,51575,53790,53792</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28079148$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Schmale, Julia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Flanner, Mark</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kang, Shichang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sprenger, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Qianggong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guo, Junming</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Yang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schwikowski, Margit</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Farinotti, Daniel</creatorcontrib><title>Modulation of snow reflectance and snowmelt from Central Asian glaciers by anthropogenic black carbon</title><title>Scientific reports</title><addtitle>Sci Rep</addtitle><addtitle>Sci Rep</addtitle><description>Deposited mineral dust and black carbon are known to reduce the albedo of snow and enhance melt. Here we estimate the contribution of anthropogenic black carbon (BC) to snowmelt in glacier accumulation zones of Central Asia based on
in-situ
measurements and modelling. Source apportionment suggests that more than 94% of the BC is emitted from mostly regional anthropogenic sources while the remaining contribution comes from natural biomass burning. Even though the annual deposition flux of mineral dust can be up to 20 times higher than that of BC, we find that anthropogenic BC causes the majority (60% on average) of snow darkening. This leads to summer snowmelt rate increases of up to 6.3% (7 cm a
−1
) on glaciers in three different mountain environments in Kyrgyzstan, based on albedo reduction and snowmelt models.</description><subject>704/106/125</subject><subject>704/106/35/824</subject><subject>704/172/4081</subject><subject>Albedo</subject><subject>Anthropogenic factors</subject><subject>Biomass</subject><subject>Black carbon</subject><subject>Burning</subject><subject>Carbon</subject><subject>Dust</subject><subject>Glaciers</subject><subject>Humanities and Social Sciences</subject><subject>multidisciplinary</subject><subject>Science</subject><subject>Science (multidisciplinary)</subject><subject>Snow</subject><subject>Snow accumulation</subject><subject>Snowmelt</subject><subject>Sorption</subject><issn>2045-2322</issn><issn>2045-2322</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2017</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>C6C</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNplkU9P3DAQxS1UBAg48AWQpV7aSkv9N3EuldCqLZVAvbRna-KMl9DE3toJFd--hoXVlvri0byf3oz9CDnj7IIzaT7mhGvFNON75EgwpRdCCvFmpz4kpznfsXK0aBRvDsihMKxuuDJHBG9iNw8w9THQ6GkO8Q9N6Ad0EwSHFEL31BxxmKhPcaRLDFOCgV7mHgJdDeB6TJm2D4WdblNcxxWG3tG2KL-og9TGcEL2PQwZT5_vY_Lzy-cfy6vF9fev35aX1wunpJkWnKMwHXhtZFeVEpA7XmsnfFs1WgjNtZSVV1ICaFCAhre1r6HlFWDFanlMPm1813M7Yuc2q9p16kdIDzZCb_9VQn9rV_HeFnPDjS4G754NUvw9Y57s2GeHwwAB45xtYUz59Zo_znr7Cr2LcwrleYVqGqUq3TSFer-hXIq5ROW3y3BmH_Oz2_wKe767_ZZ8SasAHzZALlJYYdoZ-Z_bX-M_pas</recordid><startdate>20170112</startdate><enddate>20170112</enddate><creator>Schmale, Julia</creator><creator>Flanner, Mark</creator><creator>Kang, Shichang</creator><creator>Sprenger, Michael</creator><creator>Zhang, Qianggong</creator><creator>Guo, Junming</creator><creator>Li, Yang</creator><creator>Schwikowski, Margit</creator><creator>Farinotti, Daniel</creator><general>Nature Publishing Group UK</general><general>Nature Publishing Group</general><scope>C6C</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20170112</creationdate><title>Modulation of snow reflectance and snowmelt from Central Asian glaciers by anthropogenic black carbon</title><author>Schmale, Julia ; Flanner, Mark ; Kang, Shichang ; Sprenger, Michael ; Zhang, Qianggong ; Guo, Junming ; Li, Yang ; Schwikowski, Margit ; Farinotti, Daniel</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c438t-11e28daf583d6e28ae1c175c2fb69522515336f433aa5a4ae81b7f7ab16ae6073</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2017</creationdate><topic>704/106/125</topic><topic>704/106/35/824</topic><topic>704/172/4081</topic><topic>Albedo</topic><topic>Anthropogenic factors</topic><topic>Biomass</topic><topic>Black carbon</topic><topic>Burning</topic><topic>Carbon</topic><topic>Dust</topic><topic>Glaciers</topic><topic>Humanities and Social Sciences</topic><topic>multidisciplinary</topic><topic>Science</topic><topic>Science (multidisciplinary)</topic><topic>Snow</topic><topic>Snow accumulation</topic><topic>Snowmelt</topic><topic>Sorption</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Schmale, Julia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Flanner, Mark</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kang, Shichang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sprenger, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Qianggong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guo, Junming</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Yang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schwikowski, Margit</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Farinotti, Daniel</creatorcontrib><collection>Springer Nature OA Free Journals</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Biology Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Scientific reports</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Schmale, Julia</au><au>Flanner, Mark</au><au>Kang, Shichang</au><au>Sprenger, Michael</au><au>Zhang, Qianggong</au><au>Guo, Junming</au><au>Li, Yang</au><au>Schwikowski, Margit</au><au>Farinotti, Daniel</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Modulation of snow reflectance and snowmelt from Central Asian glaciers by anthropogenic black carbon</atitle><jtitle>Scientific reports</jtitle><stitle>Sci Rep</stitle><addtitle>Sci Rep</addtitle><date>2017-01-12</date><risdate>2017</risdate><volume>7</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>40501</spage><epage>40501</epage><pages>40501-40501</pages><artnum>40501</artnum><issn>2045-2322</issn><eissn>2045-2322</eissn><abstract>Deposited mineral dust and black carbon are known to reduce the albedo of snow and enhance melt. Here we estimate the contribution of anthropogenic black carbon (BC) to snowmelt in glacier accumulation zones of Central Asia based on
in-situ
measurements and modelling. Source apportionment suggests that more than 94% of the BC is emitted from mostly regional anthropogenic sources while the remaining contribution comes from natural biomass burning. Even though the annual deposition flux of mineral dust can be up to 20 times higher than that of BC, we find that anthropogenic BC causes the majority (60% on average) of snow darkening. This leads to summer snowmelt rate increases of up to 6.3% (7 cm a
−1
) on glaciers in three different mountain environments in Kyrgyzstan, based on albedo reduction and snowmelt models.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>28079148</pmid><doi>10.1038/srep40501</doi><tpages>1</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | 704/106/125 704/106/35/824 704/172/4081 Albedo Anthropogenic factors Biomass Black carbon Burning Carbon Dust Glaciers Humanities and Social Sciences multidisciplinary Science Science (multidisciplinary) Snow Snow accumulation Snowmelt Sorption |
| title | Modulation of snow reflectance and snowmelt from Central Asian glaciers by anthropogenic black carbon |
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