Frequency and distribution patterns of opportunistic infections associated with HIV/AIDS in Uganda
We conducted a study to assess the frequency and distribution patterns of selected opportunistic infections (OIs) and opportunistic cancers (OCs) in different geographical areas before and after HAART in Uganda. This was a cross-sectional serial review of observation data for adult HIV positive pati...
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| creator | Rubaihayo, John Tumwesigye, Nazarius M Konde-Lule, Joseph Wamani, Henry Nakku-Joloba, Edith Makumbi, Fredrick |
| description | We conducted a study to assess the frequency and distribution patterns of selected opportunistic infections (OIs) and opportunistic cancers (OCs) in different geographical areas before and after HAART in Uganda.
This was a cross-sectional serial review of observation data for adult HIV positive patients (≥15 years) enrolled with the AIDS support organization (TASO) in Uganda covering the period from January 2001 to December 2013. Both AIDS defining OIs/OCs and non-AIDS defining OIs were analyzed. The study period was structured into three time periods: "pre- HAART" (2001-2003), "early-HAART" (2004-2008) and "late-HAART" (2009-2013). Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data by time period, age, gender and geographical location. Chi squared test used to test the significance of the differences in proportions.
A total of 108,619 HIV positive patients were included in the analysis. 64% (64,240) were female with median age of 33 years (IQR 27-40). The most frequent OIs before HAART were oral candida (34.6%) diarrhoeal infection ( |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1186/s13104-016-2317-7 |
| format | Article |
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This was a cross-sectional serial review of observation data for adult HIV positive patients (≥15 years) enrolled with the AIDS support organization (TASO) in Uganda covering the period from January 2001 to December 2013. Both AIDS defining OIs/OCs and non-AIDS defining OIs were analyzed. The study period was structured into three time periods: "pre- HAART" (2001-2003), "early-HAART" (2004-2008) and "late-HAART" (2009-2013). Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data by time period, age, gender and geographical location. Chi squared test used to test the significance of the differences in proportions.
A total of 108,619 HIV positive patients were included in the analysis. 64% (64,240) were female with median age of 33 years (IQR 27-40). The most frequent OIs before HAART were oral candida (34.6%) diarrhoeal infection (<1 month) (30.6%), geohelminths (26.5%), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) (17.7%), malaria (15.1%) and bacterial pneumonia (11.2%). In early HAART (2004-2008), the most frequent OIs were geohelminths (32.4%), diarrhoeal infection (25.6%), TB (18.2%) and oral candida (18.1%). In late HAART (2009-2013), the most frequent OIs were geohelminths (23.5%) and diarrhoeal infection (14.3%). By gender, prevalence was consistently higher in women (p < 0.05) before and after HAART for geohelminths, candidiasis, diarrhoeal infection, bacterial pneumonia and genital ulcer disease but consistently higher in men for TB and Kaposi's sarcoma (p < 0.05). By age, prevalence was consistently higher in older age groups (>30 years) before and after HAART for oral candida and TB (p < 0.05) and higher in young age groups (<30 years) for malaria and genital ulcers (p < 0.05). By geographical location, prevalence was consistently higher in Eastern and Northern Uganda before and after HAART for diarrheal infection and geohelminths (p < 0.0001).
The frequency and pattern of OIs before and after HAART differs by gender, age and geographical location. Prevalence of geohelminths and diarrhea infection(<1 month) remains high especially in Northern and Eastern Uganda even after HAART and should therefore be given special attention in HIV/AIDS care programmes in these settings.]]></description><identifier>ISSN: 1756-0500</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1756-0500</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1186/s13104-016-2317-7</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27927247</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: BioMed Central Ltd</publisher><subject>Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - drug therapy ; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - epidemiology ; Adolescent ; Adult ; AIDS research ; AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections - epidemiology ; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ; Candidiasis, Oral - epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Demographic aspects ; Distribution ; Female ; HIV infections ; HIV Infections - drug therapy ; HIV Infections - epidemiology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Models, Statistical ; Neoplasms - epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Statistics ; Tuberculosis - epidemiology ; Uganda - epidemiology ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>BMC research notes, 2016-12, Vol.9 (1), p.501-501, Article 501</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2016 BioMed Central Ltd.</rights><rights>Copyright BioMed Central 2016</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2016</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4437-fe42f514bb0af8bd5d435bc725317afe0f10e9e70b44fd97c1a132d9de30eef93</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4437-fe42f514bb0af8bd5d435bc725317afe0f10e9e70b44fd97c1a132d9de30eef93</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5142427/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5142427/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27927247$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Rubaihayo, John</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tumwesigye, Nazarius M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Konde-Lule, Joseph</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wamani, Henry</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nakku-Joloba, Edith</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Makumbi, Fredrick</creatorcontrib><title>Frequency and distribution patterns of opportunistic infections associated with HIV/AIDS in Uganda</title><title>BMC research notes</title><addtitle>BMC Res Notes</addtitle><description><![CDATA[We conducted a study to assess the frequency and distribution patterns of selected opportunistic infections (OIs) and opportunistic cancers (OCs) in different geographical areas before and after HAART in Uganda.
This was a cross-sectional serial review of observation data for adult HIV positive patients (≥15 years) enrolled with the AIDS support organization (TASO) in Uganda covering the period from January 2001 to December 2013. Both AIDS defining OIs/OCs and non-AIDS defining OIs were analyzed. The study period was structured into three time periods: "pre- HAART" (2001-2003), "early-HAART" (2004-2008) and "late-HAART" (2009-2013). Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data by time period, age, gender and geographical location. Chi squared test used to test the significance of the differences in proportions.
A total of 108,619 HIV positive patients were included in the analysis. 64% (64,240) were female with median age of 33 years (IQR 27-40). The most frequent OIs before HAART were oral candida (34.6%) diarrhoeal infection (<1 month) (30.6%), geohelminths (26.5%), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) (17.7%), malaria (15.1%) and bacterial pneumonia (11.2%). In early HAART (2004-2008), the most frequent OIs were geohelminths (32.4%), diarrhoeal infection (25.6%), TB (18.2%) and oral candida (18.1%). In late HAART (2009-2013), the most frequent OIs were geohelminths (23.5%) and diarrhoeal infection (14.3%). By gender, prevalence was consistently higher in women (p < 0.05) before and after HAART for geohelminths, candidiasis, diarrhoeal infection, bacterial pneumonia and genital ulcer disease but consistently higher in men for TB and Kaposi's sarcoma (p < 0.05). By age, prevalence was consistently higher in older age groups (>30 years) before and after HAART for oral candida and TB (p < 0.05) and higher in young age groups (<30 years) for malaria and genital ulcers (p < 0.05). By geographical location, prevalence was consistently higher in Eastern and Northern Uganda before and after HAART for diarrheal infection and geohelminths (p < 0.0001).
The frequency and pattern of OIs before and after HAART differs by gender, age and geographical location. Prevalence of geohelminths and diarrhea infection(<1 month) remains high especially in Northern and Eastern Uganda even after HAART and should therefore be given special attention in HIV/AIDS care programmes in these settings.]]></description><subject>Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - drug therapy</subject><subject>Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - epidemiology</subject><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>AIDS research</subject><subject>AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections - epidemiology</subject><subject>Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active</subject><subject>Candidiasis, Oral - epidemiology</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Demographic aspects</subject><subject>Distribution</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>HIV infections</subject><subject>HIV Infections - drug therapy</subject><subject>HIV Infections - epidemiology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Models, Statistical</subject><subject>Neoplasms - epidemiology</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Statistics</subject><subject>Tuberculosis - epidemiology</subject><subject>Uganda - epidemiology</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1756-0500</issn><issn>1756-0500</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNptkkFv1DAQhSMEoqXwA7ggS1zgkNYTO3FyQVoVSleq1AO0V8txxltXWTvYTqH_HkdbShchH2x5vnmjeXpF8RboMUDbnERgQHlJoSkrBqIUz4pDEHVT0prS50_eB8WrGG8pbaBt4WVxUImuEhUXh0V_FvDHjE7fE-UGMtiYgu3nZL0jk0oJg4vEG-KnyYc0u1y3mlhnUC9MJCpGr61KOJCfNt2Q8_X1yWr9-VtmyNUma6rXxQujxohvHu6j4ursy_fT8_Li8uv6dHVRas6ZKA3yytTA-54q0_ZDPXBW91pUdV5NGaQGKHYoaM-5GTqhQQGrhm5ARhFNx46KTzvdae63OGh0KahRTsFuVbiXXlm5X3H2Rm78ncxDK16JLPDhQSD47ElMcmujxnFUDv0cJbRcZP86scx6_w966-fg8nqZqnnLAKD-S23UiDKb5vNcvYjKFRcMWmhqnqnj_1D5DLi12js0Nv_vNXzca8hMwl9po-YY5fryep-FHauDjzGgefQDqFxCJHchkjlEcgmRXHx499TIx44_qWG_AW0Vwas</recordid><startdate>20161207</startdate><enddate>20161207</enddate><creator>Rubaihayo, John</creator><creator>Tumwesigye, Nazarius M</creator><creator>Konde-Lule, Joseph</creator><creator>Wamani, Henry</creator><creator>Nakku-Joloba, Edith</creator><creator>Makumbi, Fredrick</creator><general>BioMed Central Ltd</general><general>BioMed Central</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20161207</creationdate><title>Frequency and distribution patterns of opportunistic infections associated with HIV/AIDS in Uganda</title><author>Rubaihayo, John ; Tumwesigye, Nazarius M ; Konde-Lule, Joseph ; Wamani, Henry ; Nakku-Joloba, Edith ; Makumbi, Fredrick</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4437-fe42f514bb0af8bd5d435bc725317afe0f10e9e70b44fd97c1a132d9de30eef93</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - drug therapy</topic><topic>Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - epidemiology</topic><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>AIDS research</topic><topic>AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections - epidemiology</topic><topic>Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active</topic><topic>Candidiasis, Oral - epidemiology</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Demographic aspects</topic><topic>Distribution</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>HIV infections</topic><topic>HIV Infections - drug therapy</topic><topic>HIV Infections - epidemiology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Models, Statistical</topic><topic>Neoplasms - epidemiology</topic><topic>Prevalence</topic><topic>Statistics</topic><topic>Tuberculosis - epidemiology</topic><topic>Uganda - epidemiology</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Rubaihayo, John</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tumwesigye, Nazarius M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Konde-Lule, Joseph</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wamani, Henry</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nakku-Joloba, Edith</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Makumbi, Fredrick</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>BMC research notes</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Rubaihayo, John</au><au>Tumwesigye, Nazarius M</au><au>Konde-Lule, Joseph</au><au>Wamani, Henry</au><au>Nakku-Joloba, Edith</au><au>Makumbi, Fredrick</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Frequency and distribution patterns of opportunistic infections associated with HIV/AIDS in Uganda</atitle><jtitle>BMC research notes</jtitle><addtitle>BMC Res Notes</addtitle><date>2016-12-07</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>9</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>501</spage><epage>501</epage><pages>501-501</pages><artnum>501</artnum><issn>1756-0500</issn><eissn>1756-0500</eissn><abstract><![CDATA[We conducted a study to assess the frequency and distribution patterns of selected opportunistic infections (OIs) and opportunistic cancers (OCs) in different geographical areas before and after HAART in Uganda.
This was a cross-sectional serial review of observation data for adult HIV positive patients (≥15 years) enrolled with the AIDS support organization (TASO) in Uganda covering the period from January 2001 to December 2013. Both AIDS defining OIs/OCs and non-AIDS defining OIs were analyzed. The study period was structured into three time periods: "pre- HAART" (2001-2003), "early-HAART" (2004-2008) and "late-HAART" (2009-2013). Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data by time period, age, gender and geographical location. Chi squared test used to test the significance of the differences in proportions.
A total of 108,619 HIV positive patients were included in the analysis. 64% (64,240) were female with median age of 33 years (IQR 27-40). The most frequent OIs before HAART were oral candida (34.6%) diarrhoeal infection (<1 month) (30.6%), geohelminths (26.5%), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) (17.7%), malaria (15.1%) and bacterial pneumonia (11.2%). In early HAART (2004-2008), the most frequent OIs were geohelminths (32.4%), diarrhoeal infection (25.6%), TB (18.2%) and oral candida (18.1%). In late HAART (2009-2013), the most frequent OIs were geohelminths (23.5%) and diarrhoeal infection (14.3%). By gender, prevalence was consistently higher in women (p < 0.05) before and after HAART for geohelminths, candidiasis, diarrhoeal infection, bacterial pneumonia and genital ulcer disease but consistently higher in men for TB and Kaposi's sarcoma (p < 0.05). By age, prevalence was consistently higher in older age groups (>30 years) before and after HAART for oral candida and TB (p < 0.05) and higher in young age groups (<30 years) for malaria and genital ulcers (p < 0.05). By geographical location, prevalence was consistently higher in Eastern and Northern Uganda before and after HAART for diarrheal infection and geohelminths (p < 0.0001).
The frequency and pattern of OIs before and after HAART differs by gender, age and geographical location. Prevalence of geohelminths and diarrhea infection(<1 month) remains high especially in Northern and Eastern Uganda even after HAART and should therefore be given special attention in HIV/AIDS care programmes in these settings.]]></abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>BioMed Central Ltd</pub><pmid>27927247</pmid><doi>10.1186/s13104-016-2317-7</doi><tpages>1</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central Open Access; Springer Nature OA Free Journals; PubMed Central; SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
| subjects | Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - drug therapy Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - epidemiology Adolescent Adult AIDS research AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections - epidemiology Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active Candidiasis, Oral - epidemiology Cross-Sectional Studies Demographic aspects Distribution Female HIV infections HIV Infections - drug therapy HIV Infections - epidemiology Humans Male Middle Aged Models, Statistical Neoplasms - epidemiology Prevalence Statistics Tuberculosis - epidemiology Uganda - epidemiology Young Adult |
| title | Frequency and distribution patterns of opportunistic infections associated with HIV/AIDS in Uganda |
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