Spatial suicide clusters in Australia between 2010 and 2012: a comparison of cluster and non-cluster among young people and adults
A suicide cluster has been defined as a group of suicides that occur closer together in time and space than would normally be expected. We aimed to examine the extent to which suicide clusters exist among young people and adults in Australia and to determine whether differences exist between cluster...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | BMC psychiatry 2016-11, Vol.16 (1), p.417-417, Article 417 |
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| creator | Robinson, Jo Too, Lay San Pirkis, Jane Spittal, Matthew J |
| description | A suicide cluster has been defined as a group of suicides that occur closer together in time and space than would normally be expected. We aimed to examine the extent to which suicide clusters exist among young people and adults in Australia and to determine whether differences exist between cluster and non-cluster suicides.
Suicide data were obtained from the National Coronial Information System for the period 2010 and 2012. Data on date of death, postcode, age at the time of death, sex, suicide method, ICD-10 code for cause of death, marital status, employment status, and aboriginality were retrieved. We examined the presence of spatial clusters separately for youth suicides and adult suicides using the Scan statistic. Pearson's chi-square was used to compare the characteristics of cluster suicides with non-cluster suicides.
We identified 12 spatial clusters between 2010 and 2012. Five occurred among young people (n = 53, representing 5.6% [53/940] of youth suicides) and seven occurred among adults (n = 137, representing 2.3% [137/5939] of adult suicides). Clusters ranged in size from three to 21 for youth and from three to 31 for adults. When compared to adults, suicides by young people were significantly more likely to occur as part of a cluster (difference = 3.3%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.8 to 4.8, p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1186/s12888-016-1127-8 |
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Suicide data were obtained from the National Coronial Information System for the period 2010 and 2012. Data on date of death, postcode, age at the time of death, sex, suicide method, ICD-10 code for cause of death, marital status, employment status, and aboriginality were retrieved. We examined the presence of spatial clusters separately for youth suicides and adult suicides using the Scan statistic. Pearson's chi-square was used to compare the characteristics of cluster suicides with non-cluster suicides.
We identified 12 spatial clusters between 2010 and 2012. Five occurred among young people (n = 53, representing 5.6% [53/940] of youth suicides) and seven occurred among adults (n = 137, representing 2.3% [137/5939] of adult suicides). Clusters ranged in size from three to 21 for youth and from three to 31 for adults. When compared to adults, suicides by young people were significantly more likely to occur as part of a cluster (difference = 3.3%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.8 to 4.8, p < 0.0001). Suicides by people with an Indigenous background were also significantly more likely to occur in a cluster than suicide by non-Indigenous people and this was the case among both young people and adults.
Suicide clusters have a significant negative impact on the communities in which they occur. As a result it is important to find effective ways of managing and containing suicide clusters. To date there is limited evidence for the effectiveness of those strategies typically employed, in particular in Indigenous settings, and developing this evidence base needs to be a future priority. Future research that examines in more depth the socio-demographic and clinical factors associated with suicide clusters is also warranted in order that appropriate interventions can be developed.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1471-244X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1471-244X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-1127-8</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27876026</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: BioMed Central Ltd</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Adults ; Age Factors ; Analysis ; Australia ; Behavior ; Cluster Analysis ; Consent ; Databases, Factual ; Ethics ; Female ; Funding ; Geography, Medical ; Humans ; Information systems ; Male ; Marital status ; Medical research ; Population ; Psychiatry ; Risk Factors ; Studies ; Suicidal behavior ; Suicide - statistics & numerical data ; Suicides & suicide attempts ; Teenagers ; Young Adult ; Youth</subject><ispartof>BMC psychiatry, 2016-11, Vol.16 (1), p.417-417, Article 417</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2016 BioMed Central Ltd.</rights><rights>Copyright BioMed Central 2016</rights><rights>The Author(s). 2016</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c523t-c5a25d64d4431191754a15d7626fdcd9011768e10e37d54d603b9dccf1a45553</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c523t-c5a25d64d4431191754a15d7626fdcd9011768e10e37d54d603b9dccf1a45553</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5120558/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5120558/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,864,885,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27876026$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Robinson, Jo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Too, Lay San</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pirkis, Jane</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Spittal, Matthew J</creatorcontrib><title>Spatial suicide clusters in Australia between 2010 and 2012: a comparison of cluster and non-cluster among young people and adults</title><title>BMC psychiatry</title><addtitle>BMC Psychiatry</addtitle><description>A suicide cluster has been defined as a group of suicides that occur closer together in time and space than would normally be expected. We aimed to examine the extent to which suicide clusters exist among young people and adults in Australia and to determine whether differences exist between cluster and non-cluster suicides.
Suicide data were obtained from the National Coronial Information System for the period 2010 and 2012. Data on date of death, postcode, age at the time of death, sex, suicide method, ICD-10 code for cause of death, marital status, employment status, and aboriginality were retrieved. We examined the presence of spatial clusters separately for youth suicides and adult suicides using the Scan statistic. Pearson's chi-square was used to compare the characteristics of cluster suicides with non-cluster suicides.
We identified 12 spatial clusters between 2010 and 2012. Five occurred among young people (n = 53, representing 5.6% [53/940] of youth suicides) and seven occurred among adults (n = 137, representing 2.3% [137/5939] of adult suicides). Clusters ranged in size from three to 21 for youth and from three to 31 for adults. When compared to adults, suicides by young people were significantly more likely to occur as part of a cluster (difference = 3.3%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.8 to 4.8, p < 0.0001). Suicides by people with an Indigenous background were also significantly more likely to occur in a cluster than suicide by non-Indigenous people and this was the case among both young people and adults.
Suicide clusters have a significant negative impact on the communities in which they occur. As a result it is important to find effective ways of managing and containing suicide clusters. To date there is limited evidence for the effectiveness of those strategies typically employed, in particular in Indigenous settings, and developing this evidence base needs to be a future priority. Future research that examines in more depth the socio-demographic and clinical factors associated with suicide clusters is also warranted in order that appropriate interventions can be developed.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Adults</subject><subject>Age Factors</subject><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Australia</subject><subject>Behavior</subject><subject>Cluster Analysis</subject><subject>Consent</subject><subject>Databases, Factual</subject><subject>Ethics</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Funding</subject><subject>Geography, Medical</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Information systems</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Marital status</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Population</subject><subject>Psychiatry</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Suicidal behavior</subject><subject>Suicide - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Suicides & suicide attempts</subject><subject>Teenagers</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><subject>Youth</subject><issn>1471-244X</issn><issn>1471-244X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNptkk1v1DAQhiMEoqXwA7ggS1y4pHj8ETsckFYVX1IlDvTAzfLak8VVYoc4KeqVX47TbZcWIUvjsf3Ma439VtVLoKcAunmbgWmtawpNDcBUrR9VxyAU1EyI74_v5UfVs5wvKQWlJTytjpjSqqGsOa5-fxvtHGxP8hJc8Ehcv-QZp0xCJJuSTrYPlmxx_oUYCaNAiY1-Tdg7YolLw2inkFMkqbsrviFiivVhPaS4I9dpKXHENPZ4g1i_9HN-Xj3pbJ_xxe18Ul18_HBx9rk-__rpy9nmvHaS8blEy6RvhBeCA7SgpLAgvWpY03nnWwqgGo1AkSsvhW8o37beuQ6skFLyk-r9XnZctgN6h3HtzYxTGOx0bZIN5uFJDD_MLl0ZCYxKqYvAm1uBKf1cMM9mCNlh39uIackGtOBt-RYlCvr6H_QyLVMs3a2U5AK45n-pne3RhNilcq9bRc2m_NxKirZQp_-hyvA4BJcidqHsPyiAfYGbUs4TdocegZrVN2bvG1N8Y1bfmLW3V_cf51BxZxT-B_VTvKo</recordid><startdate>20161122</startdate><enddate>20161122</enddate><creator>Robinson, Jo</creator><creator>Too, Lay San</creator><creator>Pirkis, Jane</creator><creator>Spittal, Matthew J</creator><general>BioMed Central Ltd</general><general>BioMed Central</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20161122</creationdate><title>Spatial suicide clusters in Australia between 2010 and 2012: a comparison of cluster and non-cluster among young people and adults</title><author>Robinson, Jo ; Too, Lay San ; Pirkis, Jane ; Spittal, Matthew J</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c523t-c5a25d64d4431191754a15d7626fdcd9011768e10e37d54d603b9dccf1a45553</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Adults</topic><topic>Age Factors</topic><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Australia</topic><topic>Behavior</topic><topic>Cluster Analysis</topic><topic>Consent</topic><topic>Databases, Factual</topic><topic>Ethics</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Funding</topic><topic>Geography, Medical</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Information systems</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Marital status</topic><topic>Medical research</topic><topic>Population</topic><topic>Psychiatry</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Suicidal behavior</topic><topic>Suicide - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Suicides & suicide attempts</topic><topic>Teenagers</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><topic>Youth</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Robinson, Jo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Too, Lay San</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pirkis, Jane</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Spittal, Matthew J</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Psychology Database (ProQuest)</collection><collection>Access via ProQuest (Open Access)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>BMC psychiatry</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Robinson, Jo</au><au>Too, Lay San</au><au>Pirkis, Jane</au><au>Spittal, Matthew J</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Spatial suicide clusters in Australia between 2010 and 2012: a comparison of cluster and non-cluster among young people and adults</atitle><jtitle>BMC psychiatry</jtitle><addtitle>BMC Psychiatry</addtitle><date>2016-11-22</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>16</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>417</spage><epage>417</epage><pages>417-417</pages><artnum>417</artnum><issn>1471-244X</issn><eissn>1471-244X</eissn><abstract>A suicide cluster has been defined as a group of suicides that occur closer together in time and space than would normally be expected. We aimed to examine the extent to which suicide clusters exist among young people and adults in Australia and to determine whether differences exist between cluster and non-cluster suicides.
Suicide data were obtained from the National Coronial Information System for the period 2010 and 2012. Data on date of death, postcode, age at the time of death, sex, suicide method, ICD-10 code for cause of death, marital status, employment status, and aboriginality were retrieved. We examined the presence of spatial clusters separately for youth suicides and adult suicides using the Scan statistic. Pearson's chi-square was used to compare the characteristics of cluster suicides with non-cluster suicides.
We identified 12 spatial clusters between 2010 and 2012. Five occurred among young people (n = 53, representing 5.6% [53/940] of youth suicides) and seven occurred among adults (n = 137, representing 2.3% [137/5939] of adult suicides). Clusters ranged in size from three to 21 for youth and from three to 31 for adults. When compared to adults, suicides by young people were significantly more likely to occur as part of a cluster (difference = 3.3%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.8 to 4.8, p < 0.0001). Suicides by people with an Indigenous background were also significantly more likely to occur in a cluster than suicide by non-Indigenous people and this was the case among both young people and adults.
Suicide clusters have a significant negative impact on the communities in which they occur. As a result it is important to find effective ways of managing and containing suicide clusters. To date there is limited evidence for the effectiveness of those strategies typically employed, in particular in Indigenous settings, and developing this evidence base needs to be a future priority. Future research that examines in more depth the socio-demographic and clinical factors associated with suicide clusters is also warranted in order that appropriate interventions can be developed.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>BioMed Central Ltd</pub><pmid>27876026</pmid><doi>10.1186/s12888-016-1127-8</doi><tpages>1</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adolescent Adult Adults Age Factors Analysis Australia Behavior Cluster Analysis Consent Databases, Factual Ethics Female Funding Geography, Medical Humans Information systems Male Marital status Medical research Population Psychiatry Risk Factors Studies Suicidal behavior Suicide - statistics & numerical data Suicides & suicide attempts Teenagers Young Adult Youth |
| title | Spatial suicide clusters in Australia between 2010 and 2012: a comparison of cluster and non-cluster among young people and adults |
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