Protective effects of Centella asiatica leaf extract on dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver injury in rats
Oxidative stress in liver injury is a major pathogenetic factor in the progression of liver damage. Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, known in the United States as Gotu kola, is widely used as a traditional herbal medicine in Chinese or Indian Pennywort. The efficacy of Centella asiatica is comprehensiv...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Molecular medicine reports 2016-11, Vol.14 (5), p.4521-4528 |
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| creator | Choi, Myung-Joo Zheng, Hong-Mei Kim, Jae Min Lee, Kye Wan Park, Yu Hwa Lee, Don Haeng |
| description | Oxidative stress in liver injury is a major pathogenetic factor in the progression of liver damage. Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, known in the United States as Gotu kola, is widely used as a traditional herbal medicine in Chinese or Indian Pennywort. The efficacy of Centella asiatica is comprehensive and is used as an anti-inflammatory agent, for memory improvement, for its antitumor activity and for treatment of gastric ulcers. The present study investigated the protective effects of Centella asiatica on dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced liver injury in rats. The rats in the treatment groups were treated with Centella asiatica at either 100 or 200 mg/kg in distilled water (D.W) or with silymarin (200 mg/kg in D.W) by oral administration for 5 days daily following intraperitoneal injections of 30 mg/kg DMN. Centella asiatica significantly decreased the relative liver weights in the DMN-induced liver injury group, compared with the control. The assessment of liver histology showed that Centella asiatica significantly alleviated mass periportal ± bridging necrosis, intralobular degeneration and focal necrosis, with fibrosis of liver tissues. Additionally, Centella asiatica significantly decreased the level of malondialdehyde, significantly increased the levels of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase, and may have provided protection against the deleterious effects of reactive oxygen species. In addition, Centella asiatica significantly decreased inflammatory mediators, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. These results suggested that Centella asiatica had hepatoprotective effects through increasing the levels of antioxidant enzymes and reducing the levels of inflammatory mediators in rats with DMN-induced liver injury. Therefore, Centella asiatica may be useful in preventing liver damage. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3892/mmr.2016.5809 |
| format | Article |
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Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, known in the United States as Gotu kola, is widely used as a traditional herbal medicine in Chinese or Indian Pennywort. The efficacy of Centella asiatica is comprehensive and is used as an anti-inflammatory agent, for memory improvement, for its antitumor activity and for treatment of gastric ulcers. The present study investigated the protective effects of Centella asiatica on dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced liver injury in rats. The rats in the treatment groups were treated with Centella asiatica at either 100 or 200 mg/kg in distilled water (D.W) or with silymarin (200 mg/kg in D.W) by oral administration for 5 days daily following intraperitoneal injections of 30 mg/kg DMN. Centella asiatica significantly decreased the relative liver weights in the DMN-induced liver injury group, compared with the control. The assessment of liver histology showed that Centella asiatica significantly alleviated mass periportal ± bridging necrosis, intralobular degeneration and focal necrosis, with fibrosis of liver tissues. Additionally, Centella asiatica significantly decreased the level of malondialdehyde, significantly increased the levels of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase, and may have provided protection against the deleterious effects of reactive oxygen species. In addition, Centella asiatica significantly decreased inflammatory mediators, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. These results suggested that Centella asiatica had hepatoprotective effects through increasing the levels of antioxidant enzymes and reducing the levels of inflammatory mediators in rats with DMN-induced liver injury. Therefore, Centella asiatica may be useful in preventing liver damage.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1791-2997</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1791-3004</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5809</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27748812</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Greece: D.A. Spandidos</publisher><subject>Animals ; antioxidant enzyme ; Antioxidants ; Antioxidants - metabolism ; Antitumor activity ; Care and treatment ; Catalase ; Catalase - metabolism ; Centella - chemistry ; Centella asiatica ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury - drug therapy ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury - metabolism ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury - pathology ; Colony-stimulating factor ; Cytokines ; Cytotoxicity ; Degeneration ; Dimethylnitrosamine - toxicity ; Enzymes ; Experiments ; Fibrosis ; Glutathione peroxidase ; Gotu kola ; Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor ; Health aspects ; Herbal medicine ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Inflammation - chemically induced ; Inflammation - drug therapy ; Inflammation - metabolism ; Inflammation - pathology ; Interleukin 10 ; Interleukin 12 ; Interleukin 2 ; Interleukin 6 ; Interleukin-10 - metabolism ; Laboratory animals ; Lipid peroxidation ; Lipids ; Liver ; Liver - drug effects ; Liver - pathology ; liver injury ; Macrophages ; Malondialdehyde ; Malondialdehyde - metabolism ; Materia medica, Vegetable ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; N-Nitrosodimethylamine ; Oxidative stress ; Oxidative Stress - drug effects ; Phosphatase ; Plant extracts ; Plant Leaves - chemistry ; Proteins ; Rats ; Reactive oxygen species ; Rodents ; Stomach ulcer ; Superoxide dismutase ; Superoxide Dismutase - metabolism ; Triterpenes - administration & dosage ; Triterpenes - chemistry ; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF ; Tumor necrosis factor-α ; Ulcers ; γ-Interferon</subject><ispartof>Molecular medicine reports, 2016-11, Vol.14 (5), p.4521-4528</ispartof><rights>Copyright: © Choi et al.</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2016 Spandidos Publications</rights><rights>Copyright Spandidos Publications UK Ltd. 2016</rights><rights>Copyright: © Choi et al. 2016</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c514t-d77c14e4849dba635500690355ca79e629f8dfadbce02c6d656344995dd6cb393</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c514t-d77c14e4849dba635500690355ca79e629f8dfadbce02c6d656344995dd6cb393</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,5571,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27748812$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Choi, Myung-Joo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zheng, Hong-Mei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Jae Min</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Kye Wan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Park, Yu Hwa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Don Haeng</creatorcontrib><title>Protective effects of Centella asiatica leaf extract on dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver injury in rats</title><title>Molecular medicine reports</title><addtitle>Mol Med Rep</addtitle><description>Oxidative stress in liver injury is a major pathogenetic factor in the progression of liver damage. Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, known in the United States as Gotu kola, is widely used as a traditional herbal medicine in Chinese or Indian Pennywort. The efficacy of Centella asiatica is comprehensive and is used as an anti-inflammatory agent, for memory improvement, for its antitumor activity and for treatment of gastric ulcers. The present study investigated the protective effects of Centella asiatica on dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced liver injury in rats. The rats in the treatment groups were treated with Centella asiatica at either 100 or 200 mg/kg in distilled water (D.W) or with silymarin (200 mg/kg in D.W) by oral administration for 5 days daily following intraperitoneal injections of 30 mg/kg DMN. Centella asiatica significantly decreased the relative liver weights in the DMN-induced liver injury group, compared with the control. The assessment of liver histology showed that Centella asiatica significantly alleviated mass periportal ± bridging necrosis, intralobular degeneration and focal necrosis, with fibrosis of liver tissues. Additionally, Centella asiatica significantly decreased the level of malondialdehyde, significantly increased the levels of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase, and may have provided protection against the deleterious effects of reactive oxygen species. In addition, Centella asiatica significantly decreased inflammatory mediators, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. These results suggested that Centella asiatica had hepatoprotective effects through increasing the levels of antioxidant enzymes and reducing the levels of inflammatory mediators in rats with DMN-induced liver injury. Therefore, Centella asiatica may be useful in preventing liver damage.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>antioxidant enzyme</subject><subject>Antioxidants</subject><subject>Antioxidants - metabolism</subject><subject>Antitumor activity</subject><subject>Care and treatment</subject><subject>Catalase</subject><subject>Catalase - metabolism</subject><subject>Centella - chemistry</subject><subject>Centella asiatica</subject><subject>Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury - drug therapy</subject><subject>Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury - metabolism</subject><subject>Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury - pathology</subject><subject>Colony-stimulating factor</subject><subject>Cytokines</subject><subject>Cytotoxicity</subject><subject>Degeneration</subject><subject>Dimethylnitrosamine - toxicity</subject><subject>Enzymes</subject><subject>Experiments</subject><subject>Fibrosis</subject><subject>Glutathione peroxidase</subject><subject>Gotu kola</subject><subject>Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Herbal medicine</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Inflammation</subject><subject>Inflammation - chemically induced</subject><subject>Inflammation - drug therapy</subject><subject>Inflammation - metabolism</subject><subject>Inflammation - pathology</subject><subject>Interleukin 10</subject><subject>Interleukin 12</subject><subject>Interleukin 2</subject><subject>Interleukin 6</subject><subject>Interleukin-10 - metabolism</subject><subject>Laboratory animals</subject><subject>Lipid peroxidation</subject><subject>Lipids</subject><subject>Liver</subject><subject>Liver - drug effects</subject><subject>Liver - pathology</subject><subject>liver injury</subject><subject>Macrophages</subject><subject>Malondialdehyde</subject><subject>Malondialdehyde - metabolism</subject><subject>Materia medica, Vegetable</subject><subject>Medicine, Chinese Traditional</subject><subject>N-Nitrosodimethylamine</subject><subject>Oxidative stress</subject><subject>Oxidative Stress - drug effects</subject><subject>Phosphatase</subject><subject>Plant extracts</subject><subject>Plant Leaves - chemistry</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Reactive oxygen species</subject><subject>Rodents</subject><subject>Stomach ulcer</subject><subject>Superoxide dismutase</subject><subject>Superoxide Dismutase - metabolism</subject><subject>Triterpenes - administration & dosage</subject><subject>Triterpenes - chemistry</subject><subject>Tumor necrosis factor-TNF</subject><subject>Tumor necrosis factor-α</subject><subject>Ulcers</subject><subject>γ-Interferon</subject><issn>1791-2997</issn><issn>1791-3004</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNptks2PFCEQxTtG466rR6-GxINeegQauuFispn4lWyiBz0TBoodJt0wAr1x_ntpZxxdYzgUgV89qJfXNM8JXnVC0jfTlFYUk37FBZYPmksySNJ2GLOHpz2VcrhonuS8w7jnlMvHzQUdBiYEoZfN9kuKBUzxd4DAubrLKDq0hlBgHDXS2evijUYjaIfgR0naFBQDsn6Csj2MwZcUs558gNYHOxuwaKxqCfmwm9OhFpR0yU-bR06PGZ6d6lXz7f27r-uP7c3nD5_W1zet4YSV1g6DIQyYYNJudN9xXn8tca1GDxJ6Kp2wTtuNAUxNb3ved4xJya3tzaaT3VXz9qi7nzcTWFMHSXpU--QnnQ4qaq_u3wS_VbfxTnGCiRRDFXh9Ekjx-wy5qMlns5gRIM5ZEdFxxhj_9dbLf9BdnFOo4ykiOypkXz3-Q93qEZQPLi4mLqLqmg1UCoklq9TqP1RdFiZvYgDn6_m9hvbYYKr_OYE7z0iwWqKhajTUEg21RKPyL_425kz_zkIFXh2BvNfBehvzmalKLWEt5i3jlHQ_AZ6Awnc</recordid><startdate>20161101</startdate><enddate>20161101</enddate><creator>Choi, Myung-Joo</creator><creator>Zheng, Hong-Mei</creator><creator>Kim, Jae Min</creator><creator>Lee, Kye Wan</creator><creator>Park, Yu Hwa</creator><creator>Lee, Don Haeng</creator><general>D.A. Spandidos</general><general>Spandidos Publications</general><general>Spandidos Publications UK Ltd</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AN0</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20161101</creationdate><title>Protective effects of Centella asiatica leaf extract on dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver injury in rats</title><author>Choi, Myung-Joo ; Zheng, Hong-Mei ; Kim, Jae Min ; Lee, Kye Wan ; Park, Yu Hwa ; Lee, Don Haeng</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c514t-d77c14e4849dba635500690355ca79e629f8dfadbce02c6d656344995dd6cb393</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>antioxidant enzyme</topic><topic>Antioxidants</topic><topic>Antioxidants - metabolism</topic><topic>Antitumor activity</topic><topic>Care and treatment</topic><topic>Catalase</topic><topic>Catalase - metabolism</topic><topic>Centella - chemistry</topic><topic>Centella asiatica</topic><topic>Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury - drug therapy</topic><topic>Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury - metabolism</topic><topic>Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury - pathology</topic><topic>Colony-stimulating factor</topic><topic>Cytokines</topic><topic>Cytotoxicity</topic><topic>Degeneration</topic><topic>Dimethylnitrosamine - toxicity</topic><topic>Enzymes</topic><topic>Experiments</topic><topic>Fibrosis</topic><topic>Glutathione peroxidase</topic><topic>Gotu kola</topic><topic>Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Herbal medicine</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Inflammation</topic><topic>Inflammation - chemically induced</topic><topic>Inflammation - drug therapy</topic><topic>Inflammation - metabolism</topic><topic>Inflammation - pathology</topic><topic>Interleukin 10</topic><topic>Interleukin 12</topic><topic>Interleukin 2</topic><topic>Interleukin 6</topic><topic>Interleukin-10 - metabolism</topic><topic>Laboratory animals</topic><topic>Lipid peroxidation</topic><topic>Lipids</topic><topic>Liver</topic><topic>Liver - drug effects</topic><topic>Liver - pathology</topic><topic>liver injury</topic><topic>Macrophages</topic><topic>Malondialdehyde</topic><topic>Malondialdehyde - metabolism</topic><topic>Materia medica, Vegetable</topic><topic>Medicine, Chinese Traditional</topic><topic>N-Nitrosodimethylamine</topic><topic>Oxidative stress</topic><topic>Oxidative Stress - drug effects</topic><topic>Phosphatase</topic><topic>Plant extracts</topic><topic>Plant Leaves - chemistry</topic><topic>Proteins</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Reactive oxygen species</topic><topic>Rodents</topic><topic>Stomach ulcer</topic><topic>Superoxide dismutase</topic><topic>Superoxide Dismutase - metabolism</topic><topic>Triterpenes - administration & dosage</topic><topic>Triterpenes - chemistry</topic><topic>Tumor necrosis factor-TNF</topic><topic>Tumor necrosis factor-α</topic><topic>Ulcers</topic><topic>γ-Interferon</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Choi, Myung-Joo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zheng, Hong-Mei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kim, Jae Min</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Kye Wan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Park, Yu Hwa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Don Haeng</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>British Nursing Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Molecular medicine reports</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Choi, Myung-Joo</au><au>Zheng, Hong-Mei</au><au>Kim, Jae Min</au><au>Lee, Kye Wan</au><au>Park, Yu Hwa</au><au>Lee, Don Haeng</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Protective effects of Centella asiatica leaf extract on dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver injury in rats</atitle><jtitle>Molecular medicine reports</jtitle><addtitle>Mol Med Rep</addtitle><date>2016-11-01</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>14</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>4521</spage><epage>4528</epage><pages>4521-4528</pages><issn>1791-2997</issn><eissn>1791-3004</eissn><abstract>Oxidative stress in liver injury is a major pathogenetic factor in the progression of liver damage. Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, known in the United States as Gotu kola, is widely used as a traditional herbal medicine in Chinese or Indian Pennywort. The efficacy of Centella asiatica is comprehensive and is used as an anti-inflammatory agent, for memory improvement, for its antitumor activity and for treatment of gastric ulcers. The present study investigated the protective effects of Centella asiatica on dimethylnitrosamine (DMN)-induced liver injury in rats. The rats in the treatment groups were treated with Centella asiatica at either 100 or 200 mg/kg in distilled water (D.W) or with silymarin (200 mg/kg in D.W) by oral administration for 5 days daily following intraperitoneal injections of 30 mg/kg DMN. Centella asiatica significantly decreased the relative liver weights in the DMN-induced liver injury group, compared with the control. The assessment of liver histology showed that Centella asiatica significantly alleviated mass periportal ± bridging necrosis, intralobular degeneration and focal necrosis, with fibrosis of liver tissues. Additionally, Centella asiatica significantly decreased the level of malondialdehyde, significantly increased the levels of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase, and may have provided protection against the deleterious effects of reactive oxygen species. In addition, Centella asiatica significantly decreased inflammatory mediators, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor. These results suggested that Centella asiatica had hepatoprotective effects through increasing the levels of antioxidant enzymes and reducing the levels of inflammatory mediators in rats with DMN-induced liver injury. Therefore, Centella asiatica may be useful in preventing liver damage.</abstract><cop>Greece</cop><pub>D.A. Spandidos</pub><pmid>27748812</pmid><doi>10.3892/mmr.2016.5809</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | Spandidos Publications Journals; MEDLINE; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Animals antioxidant enzyme Antioxidants Antioxidants - metabolism Antitumor activity Care and treatment Catalase Catalase - metabolism Centella - chemistry Centella asiatica Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury - drug therapy Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury - metabolism Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury - pathology Colony-stimulating factor Cytokines Cytotoxicity Degeneration Dimethylnitrosamine - toxicity Enzymes Experiments Fibrosis Glutathione peroxidase Gotu kola Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor Health aspects Herbal medicine Humans Inflammation Inflammation - chemically induced Inflammation - drug therapy Inflammation - metabolism Inflammation - pathology Interleukin 10 Interleukin 12 Interleukin 2 Interleukin 6 Interleukin-10 - metabolism Laboratory animals Lipid peroxidation Lipids Liver Liver - drug effects Liver - pathology liver injury Macrophages Malondialdehyde Malondialdehyde - metabolism Materia medica, Vegetable Medicine, Chinese Traditional N-Nitrosodimethylamine Oxidative stress Oxidative Stress - drug effects Phosphatase Plant extracts Plant Leaves - chemistry Proteins Rats Reactive oxygen species Rodents Stomach ulcer Superoxide dismutase Superoxide Dismutase - metabolism Triterpenes - administration & dosage Triterpenes - chemistry Tumor necrosis factor-TNF Tumor necrosis factor-α Ulcers γ-Interferon |
| title | Protective effects of Centella asiatica leaf extract on dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver injury in rats |
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