Tuberculosis care strategies and their economic consequences for patients: the missing link to end tuberculosis
While investment in the development of Tuberculosis (TB) treatment strategies is essential, it cannot be assumed that the strategies are affordable for TB patients living in countries with high economic constraints. This study aimed to determine the economic consequences of directly observed therapy...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Infectious diseases of poverty 2016-11, Vol.5 (1), p.93-93, Article 93 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 93 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 1 |
| container_start_page | 93 |
| container_title | Infectious diseases of poverty |
| container_volume | 5 |
| creator | Getahun, Belete Wubie, Moges Dejenu, Getiye Manyazewal, Tsegahun |
| description | While investment in the development of Tuberculosis (TB) treatment strategies is essential, it cannot be assumed that the strategies are affordable for TB patients living in countries with high economic constraints. This study aimed to determine the economic consequences of directly observed therapy for TB patients.
A cross-sectional cost-of-illness analysis was conducted between September to November 2015 among 576 randomly selected adult TB patients who were on directly observed treatment in 27 public health facilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaire adapted from the Tool to Estimate Patients' Costs. Mean and median costs, reduction of productivity, and household expenditure of TB patients were calculated and ways of coping costs captured. Eta (η), Odds ratio and p values were used to measure association between variables.
Of the total 576 TB patients enrolled, 43 % were smear-positive pulmonary TB (PTB), 17 % smear-negative PTB, 37 % Extra-PTB and 3 % multi-drug resistant TB cases. Direct (Out-of-Pocket) mean and median costs of TB illness to patients were $123.0 (SD = 58.8) and $125.78 (R = 338.12), respectively, and indirect (loss income) mean and median costs were $54.26 (SD = 43.5) and $44.61 (R = 215.6), respectively. Mean and median total cost of TB illness to patient were $177.3 (SD = 78.7) and $177.1 (R = 461.8), respectively. The total cost had significant association with patient's household income, residence, need for additional food, and primary income (P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1186/s40249-016-0187-9 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_5088676</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A468555215</galeid><sourcerecordid>A468555215</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c525t-fcdb3be95a65e3e1783f03d69765cb92d6eab82d454386c44c7cf0f452062eb83</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNptUl1rFTEQXUSxpfYH-CIBQfqyNd-b-CCU0g-h4Et9Dtns7L2pe5Nrki34781ya3uvmBAmzJw5k5mcpnlP8DkhSn7OHFOuW0xkPapr9avmmOLq0Vp0r_fuR81pzg-4LqU44eRtc0S7Tmss2XET7-cekpunmH1GziZAuSRbYOUhIxsGVNbgEwIXQ9x4h6rN8GuG4Gp8jAltbfEQSv6yINHG5-zDCk0-_EQlIlgY9kq8a96Mdspw-mRPmh_XV_eXt-3d95tvlxd3rRNUlHZ0Q8960MJKAQxIp9iI2SB1J4XrNR0k2F7RgQvOlHScu86NeOSCYkmhV-yk-brj3c79BgZXX5jsZLbJb2z6baL15jAS_Nqs4qMRdUqyk5Xg7IkgxdpuLqa25mCabIA4Z0MUExgzIpZaH_-BPsQ5hdregpJMYc7pC2plJzA-jLHWdQupueBSCSEoERV1_h9U3QPU6ccAo6_-g4RPewlrsFNZ5zjNxdePOgSSHdClmHOC8XkYBJtFUWanKFMVZRZFGV1zPuxP8Tnjr37YH4e7xt0</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1836380442</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Tuberculosis care strategies and their economic consequences for patients: the missing link to end tuberculosis</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</source><source>SpringerLink Journals</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><source>PubMed Central Open Access</source><source>Springer Nature OA Free Journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><creator>Getahun, Belete ; Wubie, Moges ; Dejenu, Getiye ; Manyazewal, Tsegahun</creator><creatorcontrib>Getahun, Belete ; Wubie, Moges ; Dejenu, Getiye ; Manyazewal, Tsegahun</creatorcontrib><description>While investment in the development of Tuberculosis (TB) treatment strategies is essential, it cannot be assumed that the strategies are affordable for TB patients living in countries with high economic constraints. This study aimed to determine the economic consequences of directly observed therapy for TB patients.
A cross-sectional cost-of-illness analysis was conducted between September to November 2015 among 576 randomly selected adult TB patients who were on directly observed treatment in 27 public health facilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaire adapted from the Tool to Estimate Patients' Costs. Mean and median costs, reduction of productivity, and household expenditure of TB patients were calculated and ways of coping costs captured. Eta (η), Odds ratio and p values were used to measure association between variables.
Of the total 576 TB patients enrolled, 43 % were smear-positive pulmonary TB (PTB), 17 % smear-negative PTB, 37 % Extra-PTB and 3 % multi-drug resistant TB cases. Direct (Out-of-Pocket) mean and median costs of TB illness to patients were $123.0 (SD = 58.8) and $125.78 (R = 338.12), respectively, and indirect (loss income) mean and median costs were $54.26 (SD = 43.5) and $44.61 (R = 215.6), respectively. Mean and median total cost of TB illness to patient were $177.3 (SD = 78.7) and $177.1 (R = 461.8), respectively. The total cost had significant association with patient's household income, residence, need for additional food, and primary income (P <0.05). Direct costs were catastrophic for 63 % of TB patients, regardless of significant difference between gender (P = 0.92) and type of TB cases (P = 0.37). TB patients mean productivity and income reduced by 37 and 10 %, respectively, compared with pre-treatment level, while mean household expenditure increased by 33 % and working hours reduced by 78 % due to TB illness. Income quartile categories were directly correlated with catastrophic costs (η = 0.684).
Despite the availability of free-of-charge anti-TB drugs, TB patients were suffering from out-of-pocket payments with catastrophic consequences, which in turn were hampering the efforts to end TB. TB patients in resource-limited countries deserve integrated patient-centered care with comprehensive health insurance coverage, financial incentives, and nutrition support to reduce catastrophic costs and retain them in care. Such countries should induce home-based directly observed therapy programs to reduce costs due to attending health facilities, intensify home treatment of critically-ill patients with impaired mobility, and reduce the spread of TB due to patients traveling to seek care.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2049-9957</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 2095-5162</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2049-9957</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1186/s40249-016-0187-9</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27799063</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: BioMed Central Ltd</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Care and treatment ; Cities ; Cost of Illness ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Directly observed therapy ; Directly Observed Therapy - economics ; Economic aspects ; Epidemiology ; Ethiopia ; Female ; Forecasts and trends ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infectious diseases ; Male ; Medical care, Cost of ; Middle Aged ; Patient-Centered Care - economics ; Patient-Centered Care - methods ; Prevalence ; Tuberculosis ; Tuberculosis - economics ; Tuberculosis - epidemiology ; Tuberculosis - prevention & control ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant - economics ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant - epidemiology ; Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant - prevention & control ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Infectious diseases of poverty, 2016-11, Vol.5 (1), p.93-93, Article 93</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2016 BioMed Central Ltd.</rights><rights>Copyright BioMed Central 2016</rights><rights>The Author(s). 2016</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c525t-fcdb3be95a65e3e1783f03d69765cb92d6eab82d454386c44c7cf0f452062eb83</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c525t-fcdb3be95a65e3e1783f03d69765cb92d6eab82d454386c44c7cf0f452062eb83</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5088676/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5088676/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,27903,27904,53769,53771</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27799063$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Getahun, Belete</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wubie, Moges</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dejenu, Getiye</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Manyazewal, Tsegahun</creatorcontrib><title>Tuberculosis care strategies and their economic consequences for patients: the missing link to end tuberculosis</title><title>Infectious diseases of poverty</title><addtitle>Infect Dis Poverty</addtitle><description>While investment in the development of Tuberculosis (TB) treatment strategies is essential, it cannot be assumed that the strategies are affordable for TB patients living in countries with high economic constraints. This study aimed to determine the economic consequences of directly observed therapy for TB patients.
A cross-sectional cost-of-illness analysis was conducted between September to November 2015 among 576 randomly selected adult TB patients who were on directly observed treatment in 27 public health facilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaire adapted from the Tool to Estimate Patients' Costs. Mean and median costs, reduction of productivity, and household expenditure of TB patients were calculated and ways of coping costs captured. Eta (η), Odds ratio and p values were used to measure association between variables.
Of the total 576 TB patients enrolled, 43 % were smear-positive pulmonary TB (PTB), 17 % smear-negative PTB, 37 % Extra-PTB and 3 % multi-drug resistant TB cases. Direct (Out-of-Pocket) mean and median costs of TB illness to patients were $123.0 (SD = 58.8) and $125.78 (R = 338.12), respectively, and indirect (loss income) mean and median costs were $54.26 (SD = 43.5) and $44.61 (R = 215.6), respectively. Mean and median total cost of TB illness to patient were $177.3 (SD = 78.7) and $177.1 (R = 461.8), respectively. The total cost had significant association with patient's household income, residence, need for additional food, and primary income (P <0.05). Direct costs were catastrophic for 63 % of TB patients, regardless of significant difference between gender (P = 0.92) and type of TB cases (P = 0.37). TB patients mean productivity and income reduced by 37 and 10 %, respectively, compared with pre-treatment level, while mean household expenditure increased by 33 % and working hours reduced by 78 % due to TB illness. Income quartile categories were directly correlated with catastrophic costs (η = 0.684).
Despite the availability of free-of-charge anti-TB drugs, TB patients were suffering from out-of-pocket payments with catastrophic consequences, which in turn were hampering the efforts to end TB. TB patients in resource-limited countries deserve integrated patient-centered care with comprehensive health insurance coverage, financial incentives, and nutrition support to reduce catastrophic costs and retain them in care. Such countries should induce home-based directly observed therapy programs to reduce costs due to attending health facilities, intensify home treatment of critically-ill patients with impaired mobility, and reduce the spread of TB due to patients traveling to seek care.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Care and treatment</subject><subject>Cities</subject><subject>Cost of Illness</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Directly observed therapy</subject><subject>Directly Observed Therapy - economics</subject><subject>Economic aspects</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Ethiopia</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Forecasts and trends</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Incidence</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical care, Cost of</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Patient-Centered Care - economics</subject><subject>Patient-Centered Care - methods</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Tuberculosis</subject><subject>Tuberculosis - economics</subject><subject>Tuberculosis - epidemiology</subject><subject>Tuberculosis - prevention & control</subject><subject>Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant - economics</subject><subject>Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant - epidemiology</subject><subject>Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant - prevention & control</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>2049-9957</issn><issn>2095-5162</issn><issn>2049-9957</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNptUl1rFTEQXUSxpfYH-CIBQfqyNd-b-CCU0g-h4Et9Dtns7L2pe5Nrki34781ya3uvmBAmzJw5k5mcpnlP8DkhSn7OHFOuW0xkPapr9avmmOLq0Vp0r_fuR81pzg-4LqU44eRtc0S7Tmss2XET7-cekpunmH1GziZAuSRbYOUhIxsGVNbgEwIXQ9x4h6rN8GuG4Gp8jAltbfEQSv6yINHG5-zDCk0-_EQlIlgY9kq8a96Mdspw-mRPmh_XV_eXt-3d95tvlxd3rRNUlHZ0Q8960MJKAQxIp9iI2SB1J4XrNR0k2F7RgQvOlHScu86NeOSCYkmhV-yk-brj3c79BgZXX5jsZLbJb2z6baL15jAS_Nqs4qMRdUqyk5Xg7IkgxdpuLqa25mCabIA4Z0MUExgzIpZaH_-BPsQ5hdregpJMYc7pC2plJzA-jLHWdQupueBSCSEoERV1_h9U3QPU6ccAo6_-g4RPewlrsFNZ5zjNxdePOgSSHdClmHOC8XkYBJtFUWanKFMVZRZFGV1zPuxP8Tnjr37YH4e7xt0</recordid><startdate>20161101</startdate><enddate>20161101</enddate><creator>Getahun, Belete</creator><creator>Wubie, Moges</creator><creator>Dejenu, Getiye</creator><creator>Manyazewal, Tsegahun</creator><general>BioMed Central Ltd</general><general>BioMed Central</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88C</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M0T</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20161101</creationdate><title>Tuberculosis care strategies and their economic consequences for patients: the missing link to end tuberculosis</title><author>Getahun, Belete ; Wubie, Moges ; Dejenu, Getiye ; Manyazewal, Tsegahun</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c525t-fcdb3be95a65e3e1783f03d69765cb92d6eab82d454386c44c7cf0f452062eb83</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Care and treatment</topic><topic>Cities</topic><topic>Cost of Illness</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Directly observed therapy</topic><topic>Directly Observed Therapy - economics</topic><topic>Economic aspects</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Ethiopia</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Forecasts and trends</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Incidence</topic><topic>Infectious diseases</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical care, Cost of</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Patient-Centered Care - economics</topic><topic>Patient-Centered Care - methods</topic><topic>Prevalence</topic><topic>Tuberculosis</topic><topic>Tuberculosis - economics</topic><topic>Tuberculosis - epidemiology</topic><topic>Tuberculosis - prevention & control</topic><topic>Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant - economics</topic><topic>Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant - epidemiology</topic><topic>Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant - prevention & control</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Getahun, Belete</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wubie, Moges</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dejenu, Getiye</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Manyazewal, Tsegahun</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Healthcare Administration Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Healthcare Administration Database</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Infectious diseases of poverty</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Getahun, Belete</au><au>Wubie, Moges</au><au>Dejenu, Getiye</au><au>Manyazewal, Tsegahun</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Tuberculosis care strategies and their economic consequences for patients: the missing link to end tuberculosis</atitle><jtitle>Infectious diseases of poverty</jtitle><addtitle>Infect Dis Poverty</addtitle><date>2016-11-01</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>5</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>93</spage><epage>93</epage><pages>93-93</pages><artnum>93</artnum><issn>2049-9957</issn><issn>2095-5162</issn><eissn>2049-9957</eissn><abstract>While investment in the development of Tuberculosis (TB) treatment strategies is essential, it cannot be assumed that the strategies are affordable for TB patients living in countries with high economic constraints. This study aimed to determine the economic consequences of directly observed therapy for TB patients.
A cross-sectional cost-of-illness analysis was conducted between September to November 2015 among 576 randomly selected adult TB patients who were on directly observed treatment in 27 public health facilities in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Data were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaire adapted from the Tool to Estimate Patients' Costs. Mean and median costs, reduction of productivity, and household expenditure of TB patients were calculated and ways of coping costs captured. Eta (η), Odds ratio and p values were used to measure association between variables.
Of the total 576 TB patients enrolled, 43 % were smear-positive pulmonary TB (PTB), 17 % smear-negative PTB, 37 % Extra-PTB and 3 % multi-drug resistant TB cases. Direct (Out-of-Pocket) mean and median costs of TB illness to patients were $123.0 (SD = 58.8) and $125.78 (R = 338.12), respectively, and indirect (loss income) mean and median costs were $54.26 (SD = 43.5) and $44.61 (R = 215.6), respectively. Mean and median total cost of TB illness to patient were $177.3 (SD = 78.7) and $177.1 (R = 461.8), respectively. The total cost had significant association with patient's household income, residence, need for additional food, and primary income (P <0.05). Direct costs were catastrophic for 63 % of TB patients, regardless of significant difference between gender (P = 0.92) and type of TB cases (P = 0.37). TB patients mean productivity and income reduced by 37 and 10 %, respectively, compared with pre-treatment level, while mean household expenditure increased by 33 % and working hours reduced by 78 % due to TB illness. Income quartile categories were directly correlated with catastrophic costs (η = 0.684).
Despite the availability of free-of-charge anti-TB drugs, TB patients were suffering from out-of-pocket payments with catastrophic consequences, which in turn were hampering the efforts to end TB. TB patients in resource-limited countries deserve integrated patient-centered care with comprehensive health insurance coverage, financial incentives, and nutrition support to reduce catastrophic costs and retain them in care. Such countries should induce home-based directly observed therapy programs to reduce costs due to attending health facilities, intensify home treatment of critically-ill patients with impaired mobility, and reduce the spread of TB due to patients traveling to seek care.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>BioMed Central Ltd</pub><pmid>27799063</pmid><doi>10.1186/s40249-016-0187-9</doi><tpages>1</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 2049-9957 |
| ispartof | Infectious diseases of poverty, 2016-11, Vol.5 (1), p.93-93, Article 93 |
| issn | 2049-9957 2095-5162 2049-9957 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_5088676 |
| source | MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; SpringerLink Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central Open Access; Springer Nature OA Free Journals; PubMed Central |
| subjects | Adolescent Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Care and treatment Cities Cost of Illness Cross-Sectional Studies Directly observed therapy Directly Observed Therapy - economics Economic aspects Epidemiology Ethiopia Female Forecasts and trends Humans Incidence Infectious diseases Male Medical care, Cost of Middle Aged Patient-Centered Care - economics Patient-Centered Care - methods Prevalence Tuberculosis Tuberculosis - economics Tuberculosis - epidemiology Tuberculosis - prevention & control Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant - economics Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant - epidemiology Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant - prevention & control Young Adult |
| title | Tuberculosis care strategies and their economic consequences for patients: the missing link to end tuberculosis |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-25T11%3A34%3A49IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Tuberculosis%20care%20strategies%20and%20their%20economic%20consequences%20for%20patients:%20the%20missing%20link%20to%20end%20tuberculosis&rft.jtitle=Infectious%20diseases%20of%20poverty&rft.au=Getahun,%20Belete&rft.date=2016-11-01&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=93&rft.epage=93&rft.pages=93-93&rft.artnum=93&rft.issn=2049-9957&rft.eissn=2049-9957&rft_id=info:doi/10.1186/s40249-016-0187-9&rft_dat=%3Cgale_pubme%3EA468555215%3C/gale_pubme%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1836380442&rft_id=info:pmid/27799063&rft_galeid=A468555215&rfr_iscdi=true |