Characterization of factors underlying the metabolic shifts in developing kernels of colored maize
Elucidation of the metabolic pathways determining pigmentation and their underlying regulatory mechanisms in maize kernels is of high importance in attempts to improve the nutritional composition of our food. In this study, we compared dynamics in the transcriptome and metabolome between colored SW9...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Scientific reports 2016-10, Vol.6 (1), p.35479-35479, Article 35479 |
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| creator | Hu, Chaoyang Li, Quanlin Shen, Xuefang Quan, Sheng Lin, Hong Duan, Lei Wang, Yifa Luo, Qian Qu, Guorun Han, Qing Lu, Yuan Zhang, Dabing Yuan, Zheng Shi, Jianxin |
| description | Elucidation of the metabolic pathways determining pigmentation and their underlying regulatory mechanisms in maize kernels is of high importance in attempts to improve the nutritional composition of our food. In this study, we compared dynamics in the transcriptome and metabolome between colored SW93 and white SW48 by integrating RNA-Seq and non-targeted metabolomics. Our data revealed that expression of enzyme coding genes and levels of primary metabolites decreased gradually from 11 to 21 DAP, corresponding well with the physiological change of developing maize kernels from differentiation through reserve accumulation to maturation, which was cultivar independent. A remarkable up-regulation of anthocyanin and phlobaphene pathway distinguished SW93 from SW48, in which anthocyanin regulating transcriptional factors (
R1
and
C1
), enzyme encoding genes involved in both pathways and corresponding metabolic intermediates were up-regulated concurrently in SW93 but not in SW48. The shift from the shikimate pathway of primary metabolism to the flavonoid pathway of secondary metabolism, however, appears to be under posttranscriptional regulation. This study revealed the link between primary metabolism and kernel coloration, which facilitate further study to explore fundamental questions regarding the evolution of seed metabolic capabilities as well as their potential applications in maize improvement regarding both staple and functional foods. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/srep35479 |
| format | Article |
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R1
and
C1
), enzyme encoding genes involved in both pathways and corresponding metabolic intermediates were up-regulated concurrently in SW93 but not in SW48. The shift from the shikimate pathway of primary metabolism to the flavonoid pathway of secondary metabolism, however, appears to be under posttranscriptional regulation. This study revealed the link between primary metabolism and kernel coloration, which facilitate further study to explore fundamental questions regarding the evolution of seed metabolic capabilities as well as their potential applications in maize improvement regarding both staple and functional foods.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2045-2322</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2045-2322</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/srep35479</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27739524</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>101/58 ; 38/91 ; 49/39 ; 49/61 ; 49/98 ; 631/136/334/2244/1401 ; 631/449/2667 ; Anthocyanins - genetics ; Anthocyanins - metabolism ; Coloration ; Corn ; Cultivars ; Enzymes ; Flavonoids - genetics ; Flavonoids - metabolism ; Food composition ; Functional foods & nutraceuticals ; Gene expression ; Humanities and Social Sciences ; Intermediates ; Kernels ; Metabolic pathways ; Metabolism ; Metabolites ; Metabolomics ; multidisciplinary ; Pigmentation ; Plant Proteins - genetics ; Plant Proteins - metabolism ; Post-transcription ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Ribonucleic acid ; RNA ; Science ; Seeds - growth & development ; Seeds - metabolism ; Transcription factors ; Transcription Factors - genetics ; Transcription Factors - metabolism ; Zea mays - genetics ; Zea mays - growth & development ; Zea mays - metabolism</subject><ispartof>Scientific reports, 2016-10, Vol.6 (1), p.35479-35479, Article 35479</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2016</rights><rights>Copyright Nature Publishing Group Oct 2016</rights><rights>Copyright © 2016, The Author(s) 2016 The Author(s)</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c438t-50d2a4a2a959efd7eef2f1eeec03bde1502eb2da451bb94ee02589dd3e035d253</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c438t-50d2a4a2a959efd7eef2f1eeec03bde1502eb2da451bb94ee02589dd3e035d253</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5064397/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5064397/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,27901,27902,41096,42165,51551,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27739524$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hu, Chaoyang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Quanlin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shen, Xuefang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Quan, Sheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Hong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Duan, Lei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Yifa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Luo, Qian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qu, Guorun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Han, Qing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lu, Yuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Dabing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yuan, Zheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shi, Jianxin</creatorcontrib><title>Characterization of factors underlying the metabolic shifts in developing kernels of colored maize</title><title>Scientific reports</title><addtitle>Sci Rep</addtitle><addtitle>Sci Rep</addtitle><description>Elucidation of the metabolic pathways determining pigmentation and their underlying regulatory mechanisms in maize kernels is of high importance in attempts to improve the nutritional composition of our food. In this study, we compared dynamics in the transcriptome and metabolome between colored SW93 and white SW48 by integrating RNA-Seq and non-targeted metabolomics. Our data revealed that expression of enzyme coding genes and levels of primary metabolites decreased gradually from 11 to 21 DAP, corresponding well with the physiological change of developing maize kernels from differentiation through reserve accumulation to maturation, which was cultivar independent. A remarkable up-regulation of anthocyanin and phlobaphene pathway distinguished SW93 from SW48, in which anthocyanin regulating transcriptional factors (
R1
and
C1
), enzyme encoding genes involved in both pathways and corresponding metabolic intermediates were up-regulated concurrently in SW93 but not in SW48. The shift from the shikimate pathway of primary metabolism to the flavonoid pathway of secondary metabolism, however, appears to be under posttranscriptional regulation. This study revealed the link between primary metabolism and kernel coloration, which facilitate further study to explore fundamental questions regarding the evolution of seed metabolic capabilities as well as their potential applications in maize improvement regarding both staple and functional foods.</description><subject>101/58</subject><subject>38/91</subject><subject>49/39</subject><subject>49/61</subject><subject>49/98</subject><subject>631/136/334/2244/1401</subject><subject>631/449/2667</subject><subject>Anthocyanins - genetics</subject><subject>Anthocyanins - metabolism</subject><subject>Coloration</subject><subject>Corn</subject><subject>Cultivars</subject><subject>Enzymes</subject><subject>Flavonoids - genetics</subject><subject>Flavonoids - metabolism</subject><subject>Food composition</subject><subject>Functional foods & nutraceuticals</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Humanities and Social Sciences</subject><subject>Intermediates</subject><subject>Kernels</subject><subject>Metabolic pathways</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Metabolites</subject><subject>Metabolomics</subject><subject>multidisciplinary</subject><subject>Pigmentation</subject><subject>Plant Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Plant Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Post-transcription</subject><subject>Protein Processing, Post-Translational</subject><subject>Ribonucleic acid</subject><subject>RNA</subject><subject>Science</subject><subject>Seeds - growth & development</subject><subject>Seeds - metabolism</subject><subject>Transcription factors</subject><subject>Transcription Factors - genetics</subject><subject>Transcription Factors - metabolism</subject><subject>Zea mays - genetics</subject><subject>Zea mays - growth & development</subject><subject>Zea mays - metabolism</subject><issn>2045-2322</issn><issn>2045-2322</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>C6C</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNplkUtLJDEURsOgjOK48A8MATcq9EyeXZ2NII0vENyM65Cq3OqOppI2qRL015uinabVbBJyD-fe5EPoiJI_lPDZ35xgxaWo1A-0z4iQE8YZ29k676HDnB9JWZIpQdVPtMeqiivJxD6q50uTTNNDcm-mdzHg2OK2XMSU8RAsJP_qwgL3S8Ad9KaO3jU4L13bZ-wCtvACPq5G5AlSAJ9HQRN9TGBxZ9wb_EK7rfEZDj_2A_RwdflvfjO5u7--nV_cTRrBZ_1EEsuMMMwoqaC1FUDLWgoADeG1BSoJg5pZIyStayUACJMzZS0HwqVlkh-g87V3NdQd2AZCn4zXq-Q6k151NE5_rgS31Iv4oiWZCq6qIjj5EKT4PEDudedyA96bAHHIms7KP9NqKsdex1_QxzikUJ5XKKWImjI6Uqdrqkkxl5zazTCU6DE8vQmvsL-3p9-Q_6MqwNkayKUUFpC2Wn6zvQMcJaZg</recordid><startdate>20161014</startdate><enddate>20161014</enddate><creator>Hu, Chaoyang</creator><creator>Li, Quanlin</creator><creator>Shen, Xuefang</creator><creator>Quan, Sheng</creator><creator>Lin, Hong</creator><creator>Duan, Lei</creator><creator>Wang, Yifa</creator><creator>Luo, Qian</creator><creator>Qu, Guorun</creator><creator>Han, Qing</creator><creator>Lu, Yuan</creator><creator>Zhang, Dabing</creator><creator>Yuan, Zheng</creator><creator>Shi, Jianxin</creator><general>Nature Publishing Group UK</general><general>Nature Publishing Group</general><scope>C6C</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20161014</creationdate><title>Characterization of factors underlying the metabolic shifts in developing kernels of colored maize</title><author>Hu, Chaoyang ; Li, Quanlin ; Shen, Xuefang ; Quan, Sheng ; Lin, Hong ; Duan, Lei ; Wang, Yifa ; Luo, Qian ; Qu, Guorun ; Han, Qing ; Lu, Yuan ; Zhang, Dabing ; Yuan, Zheng ; Shi, Jianxin</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c438t-50d2a4a2a959efd7eef2f1eeec03bde1502eb2da451bb94ee02589dd3e035d253</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>101/58</topic><topic>38/91</topic><topic>49/39</topic><topic>49/61</topic><topic>49/98</topic><topic>631/136/334/2244/1401</topic><topic>631/449/2667</topic><topic>Anthocyanins - genetics</topic><topic>Anthocyanins - metabolism</topic><topic>Coloration</topic><topic>Corn</topic><topic>Cultivars</topic><topic>Enzymes</topic><topic>Flavonoids - genetics</topic><topic>Flavonoids - metabolism</topic><topic>Food composition</topic><topic>Functional foods & nutraceuticals</topic><topic>Gene expression</topic><topic>Humanities and Social Sciences</topic><topic>Intermediates</topic><topic>Kernels</topic><topic>Metabolic pathways</topic><topic>Metabolism</topic><topic>Metabolites</topic><topic>Metabolomics</topic><topic>multidisciplinary</topic><topic>Pigmentation</topic><topic>Plant Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Plant Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Post-transcription</topic><topic>Protein Processing, Post-Translational</topic><topic>Ribonucleic acid</topic><topic>RNA</topic><topic>Science</topic><topic>Seeds - growth & development</topic><topic>Seeds - metabolism</topic><topic>Transcription factors</topic><topic>Transcription Factors - genetics</topic><topic>Transcription Factors - metabolism</topic><topic>Zea mays - genetics</topic><topic>Zea mays - growth & development</topic><topic>Zea mays - metabolism</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hu, Chaoyang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Quanlin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shen, Xuefang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Quan, Sheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lin, Hong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Duan, Lei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wang, Yifa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Luo, Qian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Qu, Guorun</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Han, Qing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lu, Yuan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Zhang, Dabing</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yuan, Zheng</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shi, Jianxin</creatorcontrib><collection>Springer Nature OA Free Journals</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Biology Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Scientific reports</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hu, Chaoyang</au><au>Li, Quanlin</au><au>Shen, Xuefang</au><au>Quan, Sheng</au><au>Lin, Hong</au><au>Duan, Lei</au><au>Wang, Yifa</au><au>Luo, Qian</au><au>Qu, Guorun</au><au>Han, Qing</au><au>Lu, Yuan</au><au>Zhang, Dabing</au><au>Yuan, Zheng</au><au>Shi, Jianxin</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Characterization of factors underlying the metabolic shifts in developing kernels of colored maize</atitle><jtitle>Scientific reports</jtitle><stitle>Sci Rep</stitle><addtitle>Sci Rep</addtitle><date>2016-10-14</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>6</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>35479</spage><epage>35479</epage><pages>35479-35479</pages><artnum>35479</artnum><issn>2045-2322</issn><eissn>2045-2322</eissn><abstract>Elucidation of the metabolic pathways determining pigmentation and their underlying regulatory mechanisms in maize kernels is of high importance in attempts to improve the nutritional composition of our food. In this study, we compared dynamics in the transcriptome and metabolome between colored SW93 and white SW48 by integrating RNA-Seq and non-targeted metabolomics. Our data revealed that expression of enzyme coding genes and levels of primary metabolites decreased gradually from 11 to 21 DAP, corresponding well with the physiological change of developing maize kernels from differentiation through reserve accumulation to maturation, which was cultivar independent. A remarkable up-regulation of anthocyanin and phlobaphene pathway distinguished SW93 from SW48, in which anthocyanin regulating transcriptional factors (
R1
and
C1
), enzyme encoding genes involved in both pathways and corresponding metabolic intermediates were up-regulated concurrently in SW93 but not in SW48. The shift from the shikimate pathway of primary metabolism to the flavonoid pathway of secondary metabolism, however, appears to be under posttranscriptional regulation. This study revealed the link between primary metabolism and kernel coloration, which facilitate further study to explore fundamental questions regarding the evolution of seed metabolic capabilities as well as their potential applications in maize improvement regarding both staple and functional foods.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>27739524</pmid><doi>10.1038/srep35479</doi><tpages>1</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | 101/58 38/91 49/39 49/61 49/98 631/136/334/2244/1401 631/449/2667 Anthocyanins - genetics Anthocyanins - metabolism Coloration Corn Cultivars Enzymes Flavonoids - genetics Flavonoids - metabolism Food composition Functional foods & nutraceuticals Gene expression Humanities and Social Sciences Intermediates Kernels Metabolic pathways Metabolism Metabolites Metabolomics multidisciplinary Pigmentation Plant Proteins - genetics Plant Proteins - metabolism Post-transcription Protein Processing, Post-Translational Ribonucleic acid RNA Science Seeds - growth & development Seeds - metabolism Transcription factors Transcription Factors - genetics Transcription Factors - metabolism Zea mays - genetics Zea mays - growth & development Zea mays - metabolism |
| title | Characterization of factors underlying the metabolic shifts in developing kernels of colored maize |
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