Prevalence and diversity of H9N2 avian influenza in chickens of Northern Vietnam, 2014
Despite their classification as low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (LPAIV), A/H9N2 viruses cause significant losses in poultry in many countries throughout Asia, the Middle East and North Africa. To date, poultry surveillance in Vietnam has focused on detection of influenza H5 viruses, and th...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Infection, genetics and evolution genetics and evolution, 2016-10, Vol.44, p.530-540 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 540 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | |
| container_start_page | 530 |
| container_title | Infection, genetics and evolution |
| container_volume | 44 |
| creator | Thuy, Duong Mai Peacock, Thomas P. Bich, Vu Thi Ngoc Fabrizio, Thomas Hoang, Dang Nguyen Tho, Nguyen Dang Diep, Nguyen Thi Nguyen, Minh Hoa, Le Nguyen Minh Trang, Hau Thi Thu Choisy, Marc Inui, Ken Newman, Scott Trung, Nguyen vu van Doorn, Rogier To, Thanh Long Iqbal, Munir Bryant, Juliet E. |
| description | Despite their classification as low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (LPAIV), A/H9N2 viruses cause significant losses in poultry in many countries throughout Asia, the Middle East and North Africa. To date, poultry surveillance in Vietnam has focused on detection of influenza H5 viruses, and there is limited understanding of influenza H9 epidemiology and transmission dynamics. We determined prevalence and diversity of influenza A viruses in chickens from live bird markets (LBM) of 7 northern Vietnamese provinces, using pooled oropharyngeal swabs collected from October to December 2014. Screening by real time RT-PCR revealed 1207/4900 (24.6%) of pooled swabs to be influenza A virus positive; overall prevalence estimates after accounting for pooling (5 swabs/pools) were 5.8% (CI 5.4–6.0). Subtyping was performed on 468 pooled swabs with M gene Ct |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.06.038 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_5036934</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><els_id>S1567134816302623</els_id><sourcerecordid>1820596082</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c463t-7a1aaffd6c6d606bdaed8ffe4b7b7cd1b99e3a58eea2dc30b7682df78f7413223</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp9kU1r3DAQhkVpadK0_6AUHXvIbvRhS_IlUEI-CiHNIc1VyNIoq60tJ5LXkP76yOw2H5fCgGbQzPuO9CD0lZIlJVQcrZc9wF1wS1aqJSnB1Tu0T2shF5LV8v0up7xSe-hTzmtCqCRMfUR7TPKqVPU-ur1OMJkOogVsosMuTJByGB_x4PFFc8WwmYKJOETfbSD-NSXDdhXsH4h57rka0riCFPFtgDGa_hCXfarP6IM3XYYvu_MA_T47vTm5WFz-Ov958uNyYSvBx4U01BjvnbDCCSJaZ8Ap76FqZSuto23TADe1AjDMWU5aKRRzXiovK8oZ4wfoeKt7v2l7cBbimEyn71PoTXrUgwn67U0MK303TLomXDS8KgLfdwJpeNhAHnUfsoWuMxGGTdZUMVI3gqjZq9q22jTknMA_21CiZyR6rbdI9IxEkxJclbFvr1d8HvrH4OUNUD5qCpB0tmEG4kICO2o3hP87PAHioaA3</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1820596082</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Prevalence and diversity of H9N2 avian influenza in chickens of Northern Vietnam, 2014</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>ScienceDirect Journals (5 years ago - present)</source><creator>Thuy, Duong Mai ; Peacock, Thomas P. ; Bich, Vu Thi Ngoc ; Fabrizio, Thomas ; Hoang, Dang Nguyen ; Tho, Nguyen Dang ; Diep, Nguyen Thi ; Nguyen, Minh ; Hoa, Le Nguyen Minh ; Trang, Hau Thi Thu ; Choisy, Marc ; Inui, Ken ; Newman, Scott ; Trung, Nguyen vu ; van Doorn, Rogier ; To, Thanh Long ; Iqbal, Munir ; Bryant, Juliet E.</creator><creatorcontrib>Thuy, Duong Mai ; Peacock, Thomas P. ; Bich, Vu Thi Ngoc ; Fabrizio, Thomas ; Hoang, Dang Nguyen ; Tho, Nguyen Dang ; Diep, Nguyen Thi ; Nguyen, Minh ; Hoa, Le Nguyen Minh ; Trang, Hau Thi Thu ; Choisy, Marc ; Inui, Ken ; Newman, Scott ; Trung, Nguyen vu ; van Doorn, Rogier ; To, Thanh Long ; Iqbal, Munir ; Bryant, Juliet E.</creatorcontrib><description>Despite their classification as low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (LPAIV), A/H9N2 viruses cause significant losses in poultry in many countries throughout Asia, the Middle East and North Africa. To date, poultry surveillance in Vietnam has focused on detection of influenza H5 viruses, and there is limited understanding of influenza H9 epidemiology and transmission dynamics. We determined prevalence and diversity of influenza A viruses in chickens from live bird markets (LBM) of 7 northern Vietnamese provinces, using pooled oropharyngeal swabs collected from October to December 2014. Screening by real time RT-PCR revealed 1207/4900 (24.6%) of pooled swabs to be influenza A virus positive; overall prevalence estimates after accounting for pooling (5 swabs/pools) were 5.8% (CI 5.4–6.0). Subtyping was performed on 468 pooled swabs with M gene Ct<26. No influenza H7 was detected; 422 (90.1%) were H9 positive; and 22 (4.7%) were H5 positive. There was no evidence was of interaction between H9 and H5 virus detection rates. We sequenced 17 whole genomes of A/H9N2, 2 of A/H5N6, and 11 partial genomes. All H9N2 viruses had internal genes that clustered with genotype 57 and were closely related to Chinese human isolates of A/H7N9 and A/H10N8. Using a nucleotide divergence cutoff of 98%, we identified 9 distinct H9 genotypes. Phylogenetic analysis suggested multiple introductions of H9 viruses to northern Vietnam rather than in-situ transmission. Further investigations of H9 prevalence and diversity in other regions of Vietnam are warranted to assess H9 endemicity elsewhere in the country.
•We report detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) from healthy chickens in Live Bird Markets of Vietnam. Because all breeds of domestic chickens are extremely susceptible to HPAI, we speculate that HPAI detections from market chickens may reflect infections that occur after arrival in the market. Alternatively, shedding of HPAI from healthy birds may reflect vaccine-induced protective immunity that mitigates disease but does not block viral infection.•As many as 49% of all pooled surveillance swabs were positive for influenza A virus, corresponding to an overall Influenza A prevalence of 5.45% (95% Confidence Interval 5.4-6.0%).•Low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) H9N2 accounted for the vast majority of all influenza A detections in market chickens sampled from 9 northern provinces.•To date there is no evidence to suggest an interaction effect between circulation of H5 and H9 viruses; however sampling strategies that involve pooling of surveillance swabs from multiple birds greatly complicates the assessment of co-infection rates or evaluation of epidemiological associations.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1567-1348</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1567-7257</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2016.06.038</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27340015</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Netherlands: Elsevier B.V</publisher><subject>Animals ; Avian influenza ; Chicken ; Chickens - virology ; Genome, Viral ; Genotype ; H9N2 ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus - chemistry ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus - genetics ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype - classification ; Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype - genetics ; Influenza in Birds - epidemiology ; Influenza in Birds - virology ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation ; Phylogeny ; Phylogeography ; Poultry ; Prevalence ; Protein Conformation ; Public Health Surveillance ; Research Paper ; Vietnam ; Vietnam - epidemiology ; Zoonotic</subject><ispartof>Infection, genetics and evolution, 2016-10, Vol.44, p.530-540</ispartof><rights>2016 The Authors</rights><rights>Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</rights><rights>2016 The Authors 2016</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c463t-7a1aaffd6c6d606bdaed8ffe4b7b7cd1b99e3a58eea2dc30b7682df78f7413223</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c463t-7a1aaffd6c6d606bdaed8ffe4b7b7cd1b99e3a58eea2dc30b7682df78f7413223</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2016.06.038$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27340015$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Thuy, Duong Mai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peacock, Thomas P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bich, Vu Thi Ngoc</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fabrizio, Thomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hoang, Dang Nguyen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tho, Nguyen Dang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Diep, Nguyen Thi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nguyen, Minh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hoa, Le Nguyen Minh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trang, Hau Thi Thu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choisy, Marc</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Inui, Ken</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Newman, Scott</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trung, Nguyen vu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van Doorn, Rogier</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>To, Thanh Long</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Iqbal, Munir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bryant, Juliet E.</creatorcontrib><title>Prevalence and diversity of H9N2 avian influenza in chickens of Northern Vietnam, 2014</title><title>Infection, genetics and evolution</title><addtitle>Infect Genet Evol</addtitle><description>Despite their classification as low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (LPAIV), A/H9N2 viruses cause significant losses in poultry in many countries throughout Asia, the Middle East and North Africa. To date, poultry surveillance in Vietnam has focused on detection of influenza H5 viruses, and there is limited understanding of influenza H9 epidemiology and transmission dynamics. We determined prevalence and diversity of influenza A viruses in chickens from live bird markets (LBM) of 7 northern Vietnamese provinces, using pooled oropharyngeal swabs collected from October to December 2014. Screening by real time RT-PCR revealed 1207/4900 (24.6%) of pooled swabs to be influenza A virus positive; overall prevalence estimates after accounting for pooling (5 swabs/pools) were 5.8% (CI 5.4–6.0). Subtyping was performed on 468 pooled swabs with M gene Ct<26. No influenza H7 was detected; 422 (90.1%) were H9 positive; and 22 (4.7%) were H5 positive. There was no evidence was of interaction between H9 and H5 virus detection rates. We sequenced 17 whole genomes of A/H9N2, 2 of A/H5N6, and 11 partial genomes. All H9N2 viruses had internal genes that clustered with genotype 57 and were closely related to Chinese human isolates of A/H7N9 and A/H10N8. Using a nucleotide divergence cutoff of 98%, we identified 9 distinct H9 genotypes. Phylogenetic analysis suggested multiple introductions of H9 viruses to northern Vietnam rather than in-situ transmission. Further investigations of H9 prevalence and diversity in other regions of Vietnam are warranted to assess H9 endemicity elsewhere in the country.
•We report detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) from healthy chickens in Live Bird Markets of Vietnam. Because all breeds of domestic chickens are extremely susceptible to HPAI, we speculate that HPAI detections from market chickens may reflect infections that occur after arrival in the market. Alternatively, shedding of HPAI from healthy birds may reflect vaccine-induced protective immunity that mitigates disease but does not block viral infection.•As many as 49% of all pooled surveillance swabs were positive for influenza A virus, corresponding to an overall Influenza A prevalence of 5.45% (95% Confidence Interval 5.4-6.0%).•Low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) H9N2 accounted for the vast majority of all influenza A detections in market chickens sampled from 9 northern provinces.•To date there is no evidence to suggest an interaction effect between circulation of H5 and H9 viruses; however sampling strategies that involve pooling of surveillance swabs from multiple birds greatly complicates the assessment of co-infection rates or evaluation of epidemiological associations.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Avian influenza</subject><subject>Chicken</subject><subject>Chickens - virology</subject><subject>Genome, Viral</subject><subject>Genotype</subject><subject>H9N2</subject><subject>Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus - chemistry</subject><subject>Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus - genetics</subject><subject>High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing</subject><subject>Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype - classification</subject><subject>Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype - genetics</subject><subject>Influenza in Birds - epidemiology</subject><subject>Influenza in Birds - virology</subject><subject>Models, Molecular</subject><subject>Mutation</subject><subject>Phylogeny</subject><subject>Phylogeography</subject><subject>Poultry</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Protein Conformation</subject><subject>Public Health Surveillance</subject><subject>Research Paper</subject><subject>Vietnam</subject><subject>Vietnam - epidemiology</subject><subject>Zoonotic</subject><issn>1567-1348</issn><issn>1567-7257</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kU1r3DAQhkVpadK0_6AUHXvIbvRhS_IlUEI-CiHNIc1VyNIoq60tJ5LXkP76yOw2H5fCgGbQzPuO9CD0lZIlJVQcrZc9wF1wS1aqJSnB1Tu0T2shF5LV8v0up7xSe-hTzmtCqCRMfUR7TPKqVPU-ur1OMJkOogVsosMuTJByGB_x4PFFc8WwmYKJOETfbSD-NSXDdhXsH4h57rka0riCFPFtgDGa_hCXfarP6IM3XYYvu_MA_T47vTm5WFz-Ov958uNyYSvBx4U01BjvnbDCCSJaZ8Ap76FqZSuto23TADe1AjDMWU5aKRRzXiovK8oZ4wfoeKt7v2l7cBbimEyn71PoTXrUgwn67U0MK303TLomXDS8KgLfdwJpeNhAHnUfsoWuMxGGTdZUMVI3gqjZq9q22jTknMA_21CiZyR6rbdI9IxEkxJclbFvr1d8HvrH4OUNUD5qCpB0tmEG4kICO2o3hP87PAHioaA3</recordid><startdate>201610</startdate><enddate>201610</enddate><creator>Thuy, Duong Mai</creator><creator>Peacock, Thomas P.</creator><creator>Bich, Vu Thi Ngoc</creator><creator>Fabrizio, Thomas</creator><creator>Hoang, Dang Nguyen</creator><creator>Tho, Nguyen Dang</creator><creator>Diep, Nguyen Thi</creator><creator>Nguyen, Minh</creator><creator>Hoa, Le Nguyen Minh</creator><creator>Trang, Hau Thi Thu</creator><creator>Choisy, Marc</creator><creator>Inui, Ken</creator><creator>Newman, Scott</creator><creator>Trung, Nguyen vu</creator><creator>van Doorn, Rogier</creator><creator>To, Thanh Long</creator><creator>Iqbal, Munir</creator><creator>Bryant, Juliet E.</creator><general>Elsevier B.V</general><general>Elsevier Science</general><scope>6I.</scope><scope>AAFTH</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201610</creationdate><title>Prevalence and diversity of H9N2 avian influenza in chickens of Northern Vietnam, 2014</title><author>Thuy, Duong Mai ; Peacock, Thomas P. ; Bich, Vu Thi Ngoc ; Fabrizio, Thomas ; Hoang, Dang Nguyen ; Tho, Nguyen Dang ; Diep, Nguyen Thi ; Nguyen, Minh ; Hoa, Le Nguyen Minh ; Trang, Hau Thi Thu ; Choisy, Marc ; Inui, Ken ; Newman, Scott ; Trung, Nguyen vu ; van Doorn, Rogier ; To, Thanh Long ; Iqbal, Munir ; Bryant, Juliet E.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c463t-7a1aaffd6c6d606bdaed8ffe4b7b7cd1b99e3a58eea2dc30b7682df78f7413223</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Avian influenza</topic><topic>Chicken</topic><topic>Chickens - virology</topic><topic>Genome, Viral</topic><topic>Genotype</topic><topic>H9N2</topic><topic>Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus - chemistry</topic><topic>Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus - genetics</topic><topic>High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing</topic><topic>Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype - classification</topic><topic>Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype - genetics</topic><topic>Influenza in Birds - epidemiology</topic><topic>Influenza in Birds - virology</topic><topic>Models, Molecular</topic><topic>Mutation</topic><topic>Phylogeny</topic><topic>Phylogeography</topic><topic>Poultry</topic><topic>Prevalence</topic><topic>Protein Conformation</topic><topic>Public Health Surveillance</topic><topic>Research Paper</topic><topic>Vietnam</topic><topic>Vietnam - epidemiology</topic><topic>Zoonotic</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Thuy, Duong Mai</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Peacock, Thomas P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bich, Vu Thi Ngoc</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fabrizio, Thomas</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hoang, Dang Nguyen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tho, Nguyen Dang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Diep, Nguyen Thi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nguyen, Minh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hoa, Le Nguyen Minh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trang, Hau Thi Thu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Choisy, Marc</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Inui, Ken</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Newman, Scott</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trung, Nguyen vu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van Doorn, Rogier</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>To, Thanh Long</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Iqbal, Munir</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bryant, Juliet E.</creatorcontrib><collection>ScienceDirect Open Access Titles</collection><collection>Elsevier:ScienceDirect:Open Access</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Infection, genetics and evolution</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Thuy, Duong Mai</au><au>Peacock, Thomas P.</au><au>Bich, Vu Thi Ngoc</au><au>Fabrizio, Thomas</au><au>Hoang, Dang Nguyen</au><au>Tho, Nguyen Dang</au><au>Diep, Nguyen Thi</au><au>Nguyen, Minh</au><au>Hoa, Le Nguyen Minh</au><au>Trang, Hau Thi Thu</au><au>Choisy, Marc</au><au>Inui, Ken</au><au>Newman, Scott</au><au>Trung, Nguyen vu</au><au>van Doorn, Rogier</au><au>To, Thanh Long</au><au>Iqbal, Munir</au><au>Bryant, Juliet E.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Prevalence and diversity of H9N2 avian influenza in chickens of Northern Vietnam, 2014</atitle><jtitle>Infection, genetics and evolution</jtitle><addtitle>Infect Genet Evol</addtitle><date>2016-10</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>44</volume><spage>530</spage><epage>540</epage><pages>530-540</pages><issn>1567-1348</issn><eissn>1567-7257</eissn><abstract>Despite their classification as low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (LPAIV), A/H9N2 viruses cause significant losses in poultry in many countries throughout Asia, the Middle East and North Africa. To date, poultry surveillance in Vietnam has focused on detection of influenza H5 viruses, and there is limited understanding of influenza H9 epidemiology and transmission dynamics. We determined prevalence and diversity of influenza A viruses in chickens from live bird markets (LBM) of 7 northern Vietnamese provinces, using pooled oropharyngeal swabs collected from October to December 2014. Screening by real time RT-PCR revealed 1207/4900 (24.6%) of pooled swabs to be influenza A virus positive; overall prevalence estimates after accounting for pooling (5 swabs/pools) were 5.8% (CI 5.4–6.0). Subtyping was performed on 468 pooled swabs with M gene Ct<26. No influenza H7 was detected; 422 (90.1%) were H9 positive; and 22 (4.7%) were H5 positive. There was no evidence was of interaction between H9 and H5 virus detection rates. We sequenced 17 whole genomes of A/H9N2, 2 of A/H5N6, and 11 partial genomes. All H9N2 viruses had internal genes that clustered with genotype 57 and were closely related to Chinese human isolates of A/H7N9 and A/H10N8. Using a nucleotide divergence cutoff of 98%, we identified 9 distinct H9 genotypes. Phylogenetic analysis suggested multiple introductions of H9 viruses to northern Vietnam rather than in-situ transmission. Further investigations of H9 prevalence and diversity in other regions of Vietnam are warranted to assess H9 endemicity elsewhere in the country.
•We report detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) from healthy chickens in Live Bird Markets of Vietnam. Because all breeds of domestic chickens are extremely susceptible to HPAI, we speculate that HPAI detections from market chickens may reflect infections that occur after arrival in the market. Alternatively, shedding of HPAI from healthy birds may reflect vaccine-induced protective immunity that mitigates disease but does not block viral infection.•As many as 49% of all pooled surveillance swabs were positive for influenza A virus, corresponding to an overall Influenza A prevalence of 5.45% (95% Confidence Interval 5.4-6.0%).•Low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) H9N2 accounted for the vast majority of all influenza A detections in market chickens sampled from 9 northern provinces.•To date there is no evidence to suggest an interaction effect between circulation of H5 and H9 viruses; however sampling strategies that involve pooling of surveillance swabs from multiple birds greatly complicates the assessment of co-infection rates or evaluation of epidemiological associations.</abstract><cop>Netherlands</cop><pub>Elsevier B.V</pub><pmid>27340015</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.meegid.2016.06.038</doi><tpages>11</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 1567-1348 |
| ispartof | Infection, genetics and evolution, 2016-10, Vol.44, p.530-540 |
| issn | 1567-1348 1567-7257 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_5036934 |
| source | MEDLINE; ScienceDirect Journals (5 years ago - present) |
| subjects | Animals Avian influenza Chicken Chickens - virology Genome, Viral Genotype H9N2 Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus - chemistry Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus - genetics High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype - classification Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype - genetics Influenza in Birds - epidemiology Influenza in Birds - virology Models, Molecular Mutation Phylogeny Phylogeography Poultry Prevalence Protein Conformation Public Health Surveillance Research Paper Vietnam Vietnam - epidemiology Zoonotic |
| title | Prevalence and diversity of H9N2 avian influenza in chickens of Northern Vietnam, 2014 |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-05T17%3A10%3A55IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Prevalence%20and%20diversity%20of%20H9N2%20avian%20influenza%20in%20chickens%20of%20Northern%20Vietnam,%202014&rft.jtitle=Infection,%20genetics%20and%20evolution&rft.au=Thuy,%20Duong%20Mai&rft.date=2016-10&rft.volume=44&rft.spage=530&rft.epage=540&rft.pages=530-540&rft.issn=1567-1348&rft.eissn=1567-7257&rft_id=info:doi/10.1016/j.meegid.2016.06.038&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_pubme%3E1820596082%3C/proquest_pubme%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1820596082&rft_id=info:pmid/27340015&rft_els_id=S1567134816302623&rfr_iscdi=true |