The impact of bacterial and viral co‐infection in severe influenza
Please cite this paper as: Blyth et al. (2013) The impact of bacterial and viral co‐infection in severe influenza. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 7(2) 168–176. Background Many questions remain concerning the burden, risk factors and impact of bacterial and viral co‐infection in patients wi...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Influenza and other respiratory viruses 2013-03, Vol.7 (2), p.168-176 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext bestellen |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 176 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 2 |
| container_start_page | 168 |
| container_title | Influenza and other respiratory viruses |
| container_volume | 7 |
| creator | Blyth, Christopher C. Webb, Steve A. R. Kok, Jen Dwyer, Dominic E. van Hal, Sebastiaan J. Foo, Hong Ginn, Andrew N. Kesson, Alison M. Seppelt, Ian Iredell, Jonathan R. |
| description | Please cite this paper as: Blyth et al. (2013) The impact of bacterial and viral co‐infection in severe influenza. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 7(2) 168–176.
Background Many questions remain concerning the burden, risk factors and impact of bacterial and viral co‐infection in patients with pandemic influenza admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).
Objectives To examine the burden, risk factors and impact of bacterial and viral co‐infection in Australian patients with severe influenza.
Patients/Methods A cohort study conducted in 14 ICUs was performed. Patients with proven influenza A during the 2009 influenza season were eligible for inclusion. Demographics, risk factors, clinical data, microbiological data, complications and outcomes were collected. Polymerase chain reaction for additional bacterial and viral respiratory pathogens was performed on stored respiratory samples.
Results Co‐infection was identified in 23·3–26·9% of patients with severe influenza A infection: viral co‐infection, 3·2–3·4% and bacterial co‐infection, 20·5–24·7%. Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequent bacterial co‐infection followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. Patients with co‐infection were younger [mean difference in age = 8·46 years (95% CI: 0·18–16·74 years)], less likely to have significant co‐morbidities (32·0% versus 66·2%, P = 0·004) and less frequently obese [mean difference in body mass index = 6·86 (95% CI: 1·77–11·96)] compared to those without co‐infection.
Conclusions Bacterial or viral co‐infection complicated one in four patients admitted to ICU with severe influenza A infection. Despite the co‐infected patients being younger and with fewer co‐morbidities, no significant difference in outcomes was observed. It is likely that co‐infection contributed to a need for ICU admission in those without other risk factors for severe influenza disease. Empiric antibiotics with staphylococcal activity should be strongly considered in all patients with severe influenza A infection. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2012.00360.x |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_24P</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_5006004</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>1315610682</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c6550-9cd8aafbcd0acd6270afbdc6355988b5bb2759e6c17de256d186ca19811dd6123</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNUdFqFDEUDcVia_UXZKAvvux4c2eSyYAIUqstFAql-hoyScZmmU22yc7a9slP8Bv9kmbcdrE-NS_3hHvO4SSHkIJCSfN5Py9pw2CGnLUlAsUSoOJQ3uyQ_e3ixRbXsEdepTQHYFyw-iXZQ6xFg1jtk8-XV7Zwi6XSqyL0RZenjU4NhfKmWLuYkQ5_fv12vrd65YIvnC-SXduYZb4fRuvv1Guy26sh2TcP84B8-3J8eXQyOzv_enr06WymOctJWm2EUn2nDShtODaQL0bzirFWiI51HTastVzTxlhk3FDBtaKtoNQYTrE6IB83vsuxW1ijrV_lgHIZ3ULFWxmUk0833l3JH2EtGQAHqLPBuweDGK5Hm1Zy4ZK2w6C8DWOStKItpxypeA6VcQpcTLEO_6POwxh9_gmJNSA2FHEyFBuWjiGlaPttbgpyalXO5VSYnMqTU6vyb6vyJkvf_vvurfCxxkz4sCH8dIO9fbaxPL34nkF1D_e_sOw</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>2402271228</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>The impact of bacterial and viral co‐infection in severe influenza</title><source>Wiley Online Library</source><creator>Blyth, Christopher C. ; Webb, Steve A. R. ; Kok, Jen ; Dwyer, Dominic E. ; van Hal, Sebastiaan J. ; Foo, Hong ; Ginn, Andrew N. ; Kesson, Alison M. ; Seppelt, Ian ; Iredell, Jonathan R.</creator><creatorcontrib>Blyth, Christopher C. ; Webb, Steve A. R. ; Kok, Jen ; Dwyer, Dominic E. ; van Hal, Sebastiaan J. ; Foo, Hong ; Ginn, Andrew N. ; Kesson, Alison M. ; Seppelt, Ian ; Iredell, Jonathan R. ; COSI Microbiological Investigators ; ANZIC Influenza Investigators ; on behalf of the ANZIC Influenza Investigators and COSI Microbiological Investigators</creatorcontrib><description>Please cite this paper as: Blyth et al. (2013) The impact of bacterial and viral co‐infection in severe influenza. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 7(2) 168–176.
Background Many questions remain concerning the burden, risk factors and impact of bacterial and viral co‐infection in patients with pandemic influenza admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).
Objectives To examine the burden, risk factors and impact of bacterial and viral co‐infection in Australian patients with severe influenza.
Patients/Methods A cohort study conducted in 14 ICUs was performed. Patients with proven influenza A during the 2009 influenza season were eligible for inclusion. Demographics, risk factors, clinical data, microbiological data, complications and outcomes were collected. Polymerase chain reaction for additional bacterial and viral respiratory pathogens was performed on stored respiratory samples.
Results Co‐infection was identified in 23·3–26·9% of patients with severe influenza A infection: viral co‐infection, 3·2–3·4% and bacterial co‐infection, 20·5–24·7%. Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequent bacterial co‐infection followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. Patients with co‐infection were younger [mean difference in age = 8·46 years (95% CI: 0·18–16·74 years)], less likely to have significant co‐morbidities (32·0% versus 66·2%, P = 0·004) and less frequently obese [mean difference in body mass index = 6·86 (95% CI: 1·77–11·96)] compared to those without co‐infection.
Conclusions Bacterial or viral co‐infection complicated one in four patients admitted to ICU with severe influenza A infection. Despite the co‐infected patients being younger and with fewer co‐morbidities, no significant difference in outcomes was observed. It is likely that co‐infection contributed to a need for ICU admission in those without other risk factors for severe influenza disease. Empiric antibiotics with staphylococcal activity should be strongly considered in all patients with severe influenza A infection.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1750-2640</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1750-2659</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-2659.2012.00360.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 22487223</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Addition polymerization ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Age ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antibiotics ; Antigens ; Bacteria ; Bacterial infections ; Bacterial Infections - complications ; Body mass ; Body mass index ; Body size ; Cardiovascular disease ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cohort Studies ; Coinfection - epidemiology ; Coinfection - pathology ; Complications ; Concurrent infection ; Co‐infection ; Critical Care - statistics & numerical data ; Demographics ; Demography ; Diabetes ; Female ; Genes ; Haemophilus influenzae ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Influenza ; Influenza A ; Influenza, Human - epidemiology ; Influenza, Human - pathology ; intensive care ; Laboratories ; Lung diseases ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Morbidity ; Mortality ; Original ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Population ; Pregnancy ; Respiratory diseases ; Risk analysis ; Risk factors ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Staphylococcus infections ; Streptococcus infections ; Streptococcus pneumoniae ; Viral infections ; Viruses ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Influenza and other respiratory viruses, 2013-03, Vol.7 (2), p.168-176</ispartof><rights>2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd</rights><rights>2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.</rights><rights>Copyright John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Mar 2013</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c6550-9cd8aafbcd0acd6270afbdc6355988b5bb2759e6c17de256d186ca19811dd6123</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c6550-9cd8aafbcd0acd6270afbdc6355988b5bb2759e6c17de256d186ca19811dd6123</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5006004/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5006004/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,1411,11541,27901,27902,45550,45551,46027,46451,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><linktorsrc>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111%2Fj.1750-2659.2012.00360.x$$EView_record_in_Wiley-Blackwell$$FView_record_in_$$GWiley-Blackwell</linktorsrc><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22487223$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Blyth, Christopher C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Webb, Steve A. R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kok, Jen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dwyer, Dominic E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van Hal, Sebastiaan J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Foo, Hong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ginn, Andrew N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kesson, Alison M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Seppelt, Ian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Iredell, Jonathan R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>COSI Microbiological Investigators</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>ANZIC Influenza Investigators</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>on behalf of the ANZIC Influenza Investigators and COSI Microbiological Investigators</creatorcontrib><title>The impact of bacterial and viral co‐infection in severe influenza</title><title>Influenza and other respiratory viruses</title><addtitle>Influenza Other Respir Viruses</addtitle><description>Please cite this paper as: Blyth et al. (2013) The impact of bacterial and viral co‐infection in severe influenza. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 7(2) 168–176.
Background Many questions remain concerning the burden, risk factors and impact of bacterial and viral co‐infection in patients with pandemic influenza admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).
Objectives To examine the burden, risk factors and impact of bacterial and viral co‐infection in Australian patients with severe influenza.
Patients/Methods A cohort study conducted in 14 ICUs was performed. Patients with proven influenza A during the 2009 influenza season were eligible for inclusion. Demographics, risk factors, clinical data, microbiological data, complications and outcomes were collected. Polymerase chain reaction for additional bacterial and viral respiratory pathogens was performed on stored respiratory samples.
Results Co‐infection was identified in 23·3–26·9% of patients with severe influenza A infection: viral co‐infection, 3·2–3·4% and bacterial co‐infection, 20·5–24·7%. Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequent bacterial co‐infection followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. Patients with co‐infection were younger [mean difference in age = 8·46 years (95% CI: 0·18–16·74 years)], less likely to have significant co‐morbidities (32·0% versus 66·2%, P = 0·004) and less frequently obese [mean difference in body mass index = 6·86 (95% CI: 1·77–11·96)] compared to those without co‐infection.
Conclusions Bacterial or viral co‐infection complicated one in four patients admitted to ICU with severe influenza A infection. Despite the co‐infected patients being younger and with fewer co‐morbidities, no significant difference in outcomes was observed. It is likely that co‐infection contributed to a need for ICU admission in those without other risk factors for severe influenza disease. Empiric antibiotics with staphylococcal activity should be strongly considered in all patients with severe influenza A infection.</description><subject>Addition polymerization</subject><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Antibiotics</subject><subject>Antigens</subject><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Bacterial infections</subject><subject>Bacterial Infections - complications</subject><subject>Body mass</subject><subject>Body mass index</subject><subject>Body size</subject><subject>Cardiovascular disease</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Cohort Studies</subject><subject>Coinfection - epidemiology</subject><subject>Coinfection - pathology</subject><subject>Complications</subject><subject>Concurrent infection</subject><subject>Co‐infection</subject><subject>Critical Care - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Demographics</subject><subject>Demography</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>Haemophilus influenzae</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Infant, Newborn</subject><subject>Influenza</subject><subject>Influenza A</subject><subject>Influenza, Human - epidemiology</subject><subject>Influenza, Human - pathology</subject><subject>intensive care</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Lung diseases</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Morbidity</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Original</subject><subject>Pandemics</subject><subject>Pneumonia</subject><subject>Polymerase chain reaction</subject><subject>Population</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Respiratory diseases</subject><subject>Risk analysis</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Staphylococcus aureus</subject><subject>Staphylococcus infections</subject><subject>Streptococcus infections</subject><subject>Streptococcus pneumoniae</subject><subject>Viral infections</subject><subject>Viruses</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1750-2640</issn><issn>1750-2659</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2013</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNUdFqFDEUDcVia_UXZKAvvux4c2eSyYAIUqstFAql-hoyScZmmU22yc7a9slP8Bv9kmbcdrE-NS_3hHvO4SSHkIJCSfN5Py9pw2CGnLUlAsUSoOJQ3uyQ_e3ixRbXsEdepTQHYFyw-iXZQ6xFg1jtk8-XV7Zwi6XSqyL0RZenjU4NhfKmWLuYkQ5_fv12vrd65YIvnC-SXduYZb4fRuvv1Guy26sh2TcP84B8-3J8eXQyOzv_enr06WymOctJWm2EUn2nDShtODaQL0bzirFWiI51HTastVzTxlhk3FDBtaKtoNQYTrE6IB83vsuxW1ijrV_lgHIZ3ULFWxmUk0833l3JH2EtGQAHqLPBuweDGK5Hm1Zy4ZK2w6C8DWOStKItpxypeA6VcQpcTLEO_6POwxh9_gmJNSA2FHEyFBuWjiGlaPttbgpyalXO5VSYnMqTU6vyb6vyJkvf_vvurfCxxkz4sCH8dIO9fbaxPL34nkF1D_e_sOw</recordid><startdate>201303</startdate><enddate>201303</enddate><creator>Blyth, Christopher C.</creator><creator>Webb, Steve A. R.</creator><creator>Kok, Jen</creator><creator>Dwyer, Dominic E.</creator><creator>van Hal, Sebastiaan J.</creator><creator>Foo, Hong</creator><creator>Ginn, Andrew N.</creator><creator>Kesson, Alison M.</creator><creator>Seppelt, Ian</creator><creator>Iredell, Jonathan R.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7U1</scope><scope>7U2</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201303</creationdate><title>The impact of bacterial and viral co‐infection in severe influenza</title><author>Blyth, Christopher C. ; Webb, Steve A. R. ; Kok, Jen ; Dwyer, Dominic E. ; van Hal, Sebastiaan J. ; Foo, Hong ; Ginn, Andrew N. ; Kesson, Alison M. ; Seppelt, Ian ; Iredell, Jonathan R.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c6550-9cd8aafbcd0acd6270afbdc6355988b5bb2759e6c17de256d186ca19811dd6123</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2013</creationdate><topic>Addition polymerization</topic><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Age</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Antibiotics</topic><topic>Antigens</topic><topic>Bacteria</topic><topic>Bacterial infections</topic><topic>Bacterial Infections - complications</topic><topic>Body mass</topic><topic>Body mass index</topic><topic>Body size</topic><topic>Cardiovascular disease</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Cohort Studies</topic><topic>Coinfection - epidemiology</topic><topic>Coinfection - pathology</topic><topic>Complications</topic><topic>Concurrent infection</topic><topic>Co‐infection</topic><topic>Critical Care - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Demographics</topic><topic>Demography</topic><topic>Diabetes</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Genes</topic><topic>Haemophilus influenzae</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>Infant, Newborn</topic><topic>Influenza</topic><topic>Influenza A</topic><topic>Influenza, Human - epidemiology</topic><topic>Influenza, Human - pathology</topic><topic>intensive care</topic><topic>Laboratories</topic><topic>Lung diseases</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Morbidity</topic><topic>Mortality</topic><topic>Original</topic><topic>Pandemics</topic><topic>Pneumonia</topic><topic>Polymerase chain reaction</topic><topic>Population</topic><topic>Pregnancy</topic><topic>Respiratory diseases</topic><topic>Risk analysis</topic><topic>Risk factors</topic><topic>Staphylococcus aureus</topic><topic>Staphylococcus infections</topic><topic>Streptococcus infections</topic><topic>Streptococcus pneumoniae</topic><topic>Viral infections</topic><topic>Viruses</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Blyth, Christopher C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Webb, Steve A. R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kok, Jen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Dwyer, Dominic E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van Hal, Sebastiaan J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Foo, Hong</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ginn, Andrew N.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kesson, Alison M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Seppelt, Ian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Iredell, Jonathan R.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>COSI Microbiological Investigators</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>ANZIC Influenza Investigators</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>on behalf of the ANZIC Influenza Investigators and COSI Microbiological Investigators</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Industrial and Applied Microbiology Abstracts (Microbiology A)</collection><collection>Risk Abstracts</collection><collection>Safety Science and Risk</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Influenza and other respiratory viruses</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext_linktorsrc</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Blyth, Christopher C.</au><au>Webb, Steve A. R.</au><au>Kok, Jen</au><au>Dwyer, Dominic E.</au><au>van Hal, Sebastiaan J.</au><au>Foo, Hong</au><au>Ginn, Andrew N.</au><au>Kesson, Alison M.</au><au>Seppelt, Ian</au><au>Iredell, Jonathan R.</au><aucorp>COSI Microbiological Investigators</aucorp><aucorp>ANZIC Influenza Investigators</aucorp><aucorp>on behalf of the ANZIC Influenza Investigators and COSI Microbiological Investigators</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The impact of bacterial and viral co‐infection in severe influenza</atitle><jtitle>Influenza and other respiratory viruses</jtitle><addtitle>Influenza Other Respir Viruses</addtitle><date>2013-03</date><risdate>2013</risdate><volume>7</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>168</spage><epage>176</epage><pages>168-176</pages><issn>1750-2640</issn><eissn>1750-2659</eissn><abstract>Please cite this paper as: Blyth et al. (2013) The impact of bacterial and viral co‐infection in severe influenza. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 7(2) 168–176.
Background Many questions remain concerning the burden, risk factors and impact of bacterial and viral co‐infection in patients with pandemic influenza admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).
Objectives To examine the burden, risk factors and impact of bacterial and viral co‐infection in Australian patients with severe influenza.
Patients/Methods A cohort study conducted in 14 ICUs was performed. Patients with proven influenza A during the 2009 influenza season were eligible for inclusion. Demographics, risk factors, clinical data, microbiological data, complications and outcomes were collected. Polymerase chain reaction for additional bacterial and viral respiratory pathogens was performed on stored respiratory samples.
Results Co‐infection was identified in 23·3–26·9% of patients with severe influenza A infection: viral co‐infection, 3·2–3·4% and bacterial co‐infection, 20·5–24·7%. Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequent bacterial co‐infection followed by Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. Patients with co‐infection were younger [mean difference in age = 8·46 years (95% CI: 0·18–16·74 years)], less likely to have significant co‐morbidities (32·0% versus 66·2%, P = 0·004) and less frequently obese [mean difference in body mass index = 6·86 (95% CI: 1·77–11·96)] compared to those without co‐infection.
Conclusions Bacterial or viral co‐infection complicated one in four patients admitted to ICU with severe influenza A infection. Despite the co‐infected patients being younger and with fewer co‐morbidities, no significant difference in outcomes was observed. It is likely that co‐infection contributed to a need for ICU admission in those without other risk factors for severe influenza disease. Empiric antibiotics with staphylococcal activity should be strongly considered in all patients with severe influenza A infection.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>22487223</pmid><doi>10.1111/j.1750-2659.2012.00360.x</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext_linktorsrc |
| identifier | ISSN: 1750-2640 |
| ispartof | Influenza and other respiratory viruses, 2013-03, Vol.7 (2), p.168-176 |
| issn | 1750-2640 1750-2659 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_5006004 |
| source | Wiley Online Library |
| subjects | Addition polymerization Adolescent Adult Age Aged Aged, 80 and over Antibiotics Antigens Bacteria Bacterial infections Bacterial Infections - complications Body mass Body mass index Body size Cardiovascular disease Child Child, Preschool Cohort Studies Coinfection - epidemiology Coinfection - pathology Complications Concurrent infection Co‐infection Critical Care - statistics & numerical data Demographics Demography Diabetes Female Genes Haemophilus influenzae Humans Infant Infant, Newborn Influenza Influenza A Influenza, Human - epidemiology Influenza, Human - pathology intensive care Laboratories Lung diseases Male Middle Aged Morbidity Mortality Original Pandemics Pneumonia Polymerase chain reaction Population Pregnancy Respiratory diseases Risk analysis Risk factors Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus infections Streptococcus infections Streptococcus pneumoniae Viral infections Viruses Young Adult |
| title | The impact of bacterial and viral co‐infection in severe influenza |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-12T03%3A21%3A50IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_24P&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The%20impact%20of%20bacterial%20and%20viral%20co%E2%80%90infection%20in%20severe%20influenza&rft.jtitle=Influenza%20and%20other%20respiratory%20viruses&rft.au=Blyth,%20Christopher%20C.&rft.aucorp=COSI%20Microbiological%20Investigators&rft.date=2013-03&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=168&rft.epage=176&rft.pages=168-176&rft.issn=1750-2640&rft.eissn=1750-2659&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111/j.1750-2659.2012.00360.x&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_24P%3E1315610682%3C/proquest_24P%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=2402271228&rft_id=info:pmid/22487223&rfr_iscdi=true |