Vertical variation of mixing within porous sediment beds below turbulent flows
River ecosystems are influenced by contaminants in the water column, in the pore water and adsorbed to sediment particles. When exchange across the sediment‐water interface (hyporheic exchange) is included in modeling, the mixing coefficient is often assumed to be constant with depth below the inter...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Water resources research 2016-05, Vol.52 (5), p.3493-3509 |
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| creator | Chandler, I. D. Guymer, I. Pearson, J. M. van Egmond, R. |
| description | River ecosystems are influenced by contaminants in the water column, in the pore water and adsorbed to sediment particles. When exchange across the sediment‐water interface (hyporheic exchange) is included in modeling, the mixing coefficient is often assumed to be constant with depth below the interface. Novel fiber‐optic fluorometers have been developed and combined with a modified EROSIMESS system to quantify the vertical variation in mixing coefficient with depth below the sediment‐water interface. The study considered a range of particle diameters and bed shear velocities, with the permeability Péclet number,
PeK between 1000 and 77,000 and the shear Reynolds number,
Re*, between 5 and 600. Different parameterization of both an interface exchange coefficient and a spatially variable in‐sediment mixing coefficient are explored. The variation of in‐sediment mixing is described by an exponential function applicable over the full range of parameter combinations tested. The empirical relationship enables estimates of the depth to which concentrations of pollutants will penetrate into the bed sediment, allowing the region where exchange will occur faster than molecular diffusion to be determined.
Key Point:
Sediment‐water exchange, laboratory study, mixing coefficients |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/2015WR018274 |
| format | Article |
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PeK between 1000 and 77,000 and the shear Reynolds number,
Re*, between 5 and 600. Different parameterization of both an interface exchange coefficient and a spatially variable in‐sediment mixing coefficient are explored. The variation of in‐sediment mixing is described by an exponential function applicable over the full range of parameter combinations tested. The empirical relationship enables estimates of the depth to which concentrations of pollutants will penetrate into the bed sediment, allowing the region where exchange will occur faster than molecular diffusion to be determined.
Key Point:
Sediment‐water exchange, laboratory study, mixing coefficients</description><identifier>ISSN: 0043-1397</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1944-7973</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/2015WR018274</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27635104</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: John Wiley & Sons, Inc</publisher><subject>Aquatic ecosystems ; Bed load ; Coefficient of variation ; Computational fluid dynamics ; Contaminants ; Depth ; Diffusion ; Diffusion rate ; Dye dispersion ; Ecosystems ; Eco‐hydrology ; Estimates ; Exchanging ; Fiber optics ; Fluid flow ; Fluorimeters ; Fluorometers ; Freshwater ; Hydrology ; Instruments and Techniques: Modeling ; Mathematical models ; mixing ; Modelling ; Molecular diffusion ; Mud-water interfaces ; Optical fibers ; Parameterization ; Permeability ; Policy Sciences ; Pollutants ; Pore water ; Regional Planning ; Reynolds number ; Sediment ; Sediment mixing ; Sediment-water interface ; Sediments ; Shear ; Surface Water Quality ; Turbulence ; Water ; Water column ; Water depth ; Water Management ; water‐sediment exchange</subject><ispartof>Water resources research, 2016-05, Vol.52 (5), p.3493-3509</ispartof><rights>2016. The Authors.</rights><rights>2016. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-a6064-14d0eda367b82214dd05b390528c3e09ce3e857ab5e950f38c6f6647e47b6d943</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-a6064-14d0eda367b82214dd05b390528c3e09ce3e857ab5e950f38c6f6647e47b6d943</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2F2015WR018274$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2F2015WR018274$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,781,785,886,1418,11516,27926,27927,45576,45577,46470,46894</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27635104$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Chandler, I. D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guymer, I.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pearson, J. M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van Egmond, R.</creatorcontrib><title>Vertical variation of mixing within porous sediment beds below turbulent flows</title><title>Water resources research</title><addtitle>Water Resour Res</addtitle><description>River ecosystems are influenced by contaminants in the water column, in the pore water and adsorbed to sediment particles. When exchange across the sediment‐water interface (hyporheic exchange) is included in modeling, the mixing coefficient is often assumed to be constant with depth below the interface. Novel fiber‐optic fluorometers have been developed and combined with a modified EROSIMESS system to quantify the vertical variation in mixing coefficient with depth below the sediment‐water interface. The study considered a range of particle diameters and bed shear velocities, with the permeability Péclet number,
PeK between 1000 and 77,000 and the shear Reynolds number,
Re*, between 5 and 600. Different parameterization of both an interface exchange coefficient and a spatially variable in‐sediment mixing coefficient are explored. The variation of in‐sediment mixing is described by an exponential function applicable over the full range of parameter combinations tested. The empirical relationship enables estimates of the depth to which concentrations of pollutants will penetrate into the bed sediment, allowing the region where exchange will occur faster than molecular diffusion to be determined.
Key Point:
Sediment‐water exchange, laboratory study, mixing coefficients</description><subject>Aquatic ecosystems</subject><subject>Bed load</subject><subject>Coefficient of variation</subject><subject>Computational fluid dynamics</subject><subject>Contaminants</subject><subject>Depth</subject><subject>Diffusion</subject><subject>Diffusion rate</subject><subject>Dye dispersion</subject><subject>Ecosystems</subject><subject>Eco‐hydrology</subject><subject>Estimates</subject><subject>Exchanging</subject><subject>Fiber optics</subject><subject>Fluid flow</subject><subject>Fluorimeters</subject><subject>Fluorometers</subject><subject>Freshwater</subject><subject>Hydrology</subject><subject>Instruments and Techniques: Modeling</subject><subject>Mathematical models</subject><subject>mixing</subject><subject>Modelling</subject><subject>Molecular diffusion</subject><subject>Mud-water interfaces</subject><subject>Optical fibers</subject><subject>Parameterization</subject><subject>Permeability</subject><subject>Policy Sciences</subject><subject>Pollutants</subject><subject>Pore water</subject><subject>Regional Planning</subject><subject>Reynolds number</subject><subject>Sediment</subject><subject>Sediment mixing</subject><subject>Sediment-water interface</subject><subject>Sediments</subject><subject>Shear</subject><subject>Surface Water Quality</subject><subject>Turbulence</subject><subject>Water</subject><subject>Water column</subject><subject>Water depth</subject><subject>Water Management</subject><subject>water‐sediment exchange</subject><issn>0043-1397</issn><issn>1944-7973</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>24P</sourceid><sourceid>WIN</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kc1v1DAQxS0EokvhxhlF4sKBwPjbviChVfmQqlZaAT1aTjJpXSXxYifd9r_H1ZaqcOhlRmP_9GaeHiGvKXygAOwjAyrPNkAN0-IJWVErRK2t5k_JCkDwmnKrD8iLnC8BqJBKPycHTCsuKYgVOfmFaQ6tH6orn4KfQ5yq2FdjuA7TebUL80WYqm1McclVxi6MOM1Vg10uZYi7al5Sswy3j30Z80vyrPdDxld3_ZD8_HL0Y_2tPj79-n39-bj2CpSoqegAO8-VbgxjZepANtyCZKblCLZFjkZq30i0EnpuWtUrJTQK3ajOCn5IPu11t0szYteWA5If3DaF0acbF31w__5M4cKdxysnrC1rZBF4dyeQ4u8F8-zGkFscBj9h8eqoAaMkMGkL-vY_9DIuaSr2HLVgBLWcy0cpbU3RY0wV6v2ealPMOWF_fzIFdxunexhnwd88tHkP_82vAHwP7MKAN4-KubPNesMYCMH_AL3PqPQ</recordid><startdate>201605</startdate><enddate>201605</enddate><creator>Chandler, I. D.</creator><creator>Guymer, I.</creator><creator>Pearson, J. M.</creator><creator>van Egmond, R.</creator><general>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</general><general>John Wiley and Sons Inc</general><scope>24P</scope><scope>WIN</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QH</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TG</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7UA</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>F1W</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>H96</scope><scope>KL.</scope><scope>KR7</scope><scope>L.G</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201605</creationdate><title>Vertical variation of mixing within porous sediment beds below turbulent flows</title><author>Chandler, I. D. ; Guymer, I. ; Pearson, J. M. ; van Egmond, R.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a6064-14d0eda367b82214dd05b390528c3e09ce3e857ab5e950f38c6f6647e47b6d943</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Aquatic ecosystems</topic><topic>Bed load</topic><topic>Coefficient of variation</topic><topic>Computational fluid dynamics</topic><topic>Contaminants</topic><topic>Depth</topic><topic>Diffusion</topic><topic>Diffusion rate</topic><topic>Dye dispersion</topic><topic>Ecosystems</topic><topic>Eco‐hydrology</topic><topic>Estimates</topic><topic>Exchanging</topic><topic>Fiber optics</topic><topic>Fluid flow</topic><topic>Fluorimeters</topic><topic>Fluorometers</topic><topic>Freshwater</topic><topic>Hydrology</topic><topic>Instruments and Techniques: Modeling</topic><topic>Mathematical models</topic><topic>mixing</topic><topic>Modelling</topic><topic>Molecular diffusion</topic><topic>Mud-water interfaces</topic><topic>Optical fibers</topic><topic>Parameterization</topic><topic>Permeability</topic><topic>Policy Sciences</topic><topic>Pollutants</topic><topic>Pore water</topic><topic>Regional Planning</topic><topic>Reynolds number</topic><topic>Sediment</topic><topic>Sediment mixing</topic><topic>Sediment-water interface</topic><topic>Sediments</topic><topic>Shear</topic><topic>Surface Water Quality</topic><topic>Turbulence</topic><topic>Water</topic><topic>Water column</topic><topic>Water depth</topic><topic>Water Management</topic><topic>water‐sediment exchange</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Chandler, I. 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D.</au><au>Guymer, I.</au><au>Pearson, J. M.</au><au>van Egmond, R.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Vertical variation of mixing within porous sediment beds below turbulent flows</atitle><jtitle>Water resources research</jtitle><addtitle>Water Resour Res</addtitle><date>2016-05</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>52</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>3493</spage><epage>3509</epage><pages>3493-3509</pages><issn>0043-1397</issn><eissn>1944-7973</eissn><abstract>River ecosystems are influenced by contaminants in the water column, in the pore water and adsorbed to sediment particles. When exchange across the sediment‐water interface (hyporheic exchange) is included in modeling, the mixing coefficient is often assumed to be constant with depth below the interface. Novel fiber‐optic fluorometers have been developed and combined with a modified EROSIMESS system to quantify the vertical variation in mixing coefficient with depth below the sediment‐water interface. The study considered a range of particle diameters and bed shear velocities, with the permeability Péclet number,
PeK between 1000 and 77,000 and the shear Reynolds number,
Re*, between 5 and 600. Different parameterization of both an interface exchange coefficient and a spatially variable in‐sediment mixing coefficient are explored. The variation of in‐sediment mixing is described by an exponential function applicable over the full range of parameter combinations tested. The empirical relationship enables estimates of the depth to which concentrations of pollutants will penetrate into the bed sediment, allowing the region where exchange will occur faster than molecular diffusion to be determined.
Key Point:
Sediment‐water exchange, laboratory study, mixing coefficients</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>John Wiley & Sons, Inc</pub><pmid>27635104</pmid><doi>10.1002/2015WR018274</doi><tpages>17</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | Access via Wiley Online Library; Wiley-Blackwell AGU Digital Library; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals |
| subjects | Aquatic ecosystems Bed load Coefficient of variation Computational fluid dynamics Contaminants Depth Diffusion Diffusion rate Dye dispersion Ecosystems Eco‐hydrology Estimates Exchanging Fiber optics Fluid flow Fluorimeters Fluorometers Freshwater Hydrology Instruments and Techniques: Modeling Mathematical models mixing Modelling Molecular diffusion Mud-water interfaces Optical fibers Parameterization Permeability Policy Sciences Pollutants Pore water Regional Planning Reynolds number Sediment Sediment mixing Sediment-water interface Sediments Shear Surface Water Quality Turbulence Water Water column Water depth Water Management water‐sediment exchange |
| title | Vertical variation of mixing within porous sediment beds below turbulent flows |
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