Persistent metabolic adaptation 6 years after “The Biggest Loser” competition
Objective To measure long‐term changes in resting metabolic rate (RMR) and body composition in participants of “The Biggest Loser” competition. Methods Body composition was measured by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry, and RMR was determined by indirect calorimetry at baseline, at the end of the 30‐...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) Md.), 2016-08, Vol.24 (8), p.1612-1619 |
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| container_title | Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) |
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| creator | Fothergill, Erin Guo, Juen Howard, Lilian Kerns, Jennifer C. Knuth, Nicolas D. Brychta, Robert Chen, Kong Y. Skarulis, Monica C. Walter, Mary Walter, Peter J. Hall, Kevin D. |
| description | Objective
To measure long‐term changes in resting metabolic rate (RMR) and body composition in participants of “The Biggest Loser” competition.
Methods
Body composition was measured by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry, and RMR was determined by indirect calorimetry at baseline, at the end of the 30‐week competition and 6 years later. Metabolic adaptation was defined as the residual RMR after adjusting for changes in body composition and age.
Results
Of the 16 “Biggest Loser” competitors originally investigated, 14 participated in this follow‐up study. Weight loss at the end of the competition was (mean ± SD) 58.3 ± 24.9 kg (P < 0.0001), and RMR decreased by 610 ± 483 kcal/day (P = 0.0004). After 6 years, 41.0 ± 31.3 kg of the lost weight was regained (P = 0.0002), while RMR was 704 ± 427 kcal/day below baseline (P < 0.0001) and metabolic adaptation was −499 ± 207 kcal/day (P < 0.0001). Weight regain was not significantly correlated with metabolic adaptation at the competition's end (r = −0.1, P = 0.75), but those subjects maintaining greater weight loss at 6 years also experienced greater concurrent metabolic slowing (r = 0.59, P = 0.025).
Conclusions
Metabolic adaptation persists over time and is likely a proportional, but incomplete, response to contemporaneous efforts to reduce body weight. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1002/oby.21538 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_4989512</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>1807534619</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5098-9526c61ef725507f2961f878700aedb5c5480efa493ab098ee70a3429697cbd03</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNp1kdFKHDEUhkNRqq696AuUgDf1YvVkMpkkN0KVthYWVLDQXoVM9swamZlsk9mWvfNB2pfzScx2dWkFr07gfOfn__MT8pbBEQMojkO9PCqY4OoV2WWaw1hy_W1r81Zsh-yldAtQViDYa7JTSMYrrtQuubrEmHwasB9oh4OtQ-sdtVM7H-zgQ08rukQbE7XNgJHe3_2-vkF66mczTAOdhITx_u4PdaGb4-BXF_tku7FtwjePc0S-fvp4fXY-nlx8_nL2YTJ2ArQaa1FUrmLYyEIIkE2hK9YoqSSAxWktnCgVYGNLzW2dDxAlWF5mTEtXT4GPyMlad76oO5y6nCDa1syj72xcmmC9-X_T-xszCz9NqZUWrMgC7x8FYvixyHFM55PDtrU9hkUyTIEUvKzyL47IwTP0Nixin-OtKA28KtnK0eGacjGkFLHZmGFgVkWZXJT5W1Rm3_3rfkM-NZOB4zXwy7e4fFnJXJx-X0s-AJBFnus</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1809036410</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Persistent metabolic adaptation 6 years after “The Biggest Loser” competition</title><source>Wiley Free Content</source><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete</source><creator>Fothergill, Erin ; Guo, Juen ; Howard, Lilian ; Kerns, Jennifer C. ; Knuth, Nicolas D. ; Brychta, Robert ; Chen, Kong Y. ; Skarulis, Monica C. ; Walter, Mary ; Walter, Peter J. ; Hall, Kevin D.</creator><creatorcontrib>Fothergill, Erin ; Guo, Juen ; Howard, Lilian ; Kerns, Jennifer C. ; Knuth, Nicolas D. ; Brychta, Robert ; Chen, Kong Y. ; Skarulis, Monica C. ; Walter, Mary ; Walter, Peter J. ; Hall, Kevin D.</creatorcontrib><description>Objective
To measure long‐term changes in resting metabolic rate (RMR) and body composition in participants of “The Biggest Loser” competition.
Methods
Body composition was measured by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry, and RMR was determined by indirect calorimetry at baseline, at the end of the 30‐week competition and 6 years later. Metabolic adaptation was defined as the residual RMR after adjusting for changes in body composition and age.
Results
Of the 16 “Biggest Loser” competitors originally investigated, 14 participated in this follow‐up study. Weight loss at the end of the competition was (mean ± SD) 58.3 ± 24.9 kg (P < 0.0001), and RMR decreased by 610 ± 483 kcal/day (P = 0.0004). After 6 years, 41.0 ± 31.3 kg of the lost weight was regained (P = 0.0002), while RMR was 704 ± 427 kcal/day below baseline (P < 0.0001) and metabolic adaptation was −499 ± 207 kcal/day (P < 0.0001). Weight regain was not significantly correlated with metabolic adaptation at the competition's end (r = −0.1, P = 0.75), but those subjects maintaining greater weight loss at 6 years also experienced greater concurrent metabolic slowing (r = 0.59, P = 0.025).
Conclusions
Metabolic adaptation persists over time and is likely a proportional, but incomplete, response to contemporaneous efforts to reduce body weight.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1930-7381</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1930-739X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1002/oby.21538</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27136388</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Absorptiometry, Photon ; Adaptation ; Adult ; Basal Metabolism - physiology ; Body composition ; Body Composition - physiology ; Body Mass Index ; Body Weight - physiology ; Diabetes ; Exercise ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Insulin ; Insulin resistance ; Intervention ; Laboratories ; Lifestyles ; Male ; Metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Obesity, Morbid - metabolism ; Physical fitness ; Thyroid gland ; Urine ; Water measurement ; Weight control ; Weight Loss - physiology</subject><ispartof>Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2016-08, Vol.24 (8), p.1612-1619</ispartof><rights>2016 The Obesity Society</rights><rights>2016 The Obesity Society.</rights><rights>Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd. Aug 2016</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5098-9526c61ef725507f2961f878700aedb5c5480efa493ab098ee70a3429697cbd03</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5098-9526c61ef725507f2961f878700aedb5c5480efa493ab098ee70a3429697cbd03</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002%2Foby.21538$$EPDF$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002%2Foby.21538$$EHTML$$P50$$Gwiley$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,1411,1427,27901,27902,45550,45551,46384,46808</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27136388$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Fothergill, Erin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guo, Juen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Howard, Lilian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kerns, Jennifer C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Knuth, Nicolas D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brychta, Robert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Kong Y.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Skarulis, Monica C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Walter, Mary</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Walter, Peter J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hall, Kevin D.</creatorcontrib><title>Persistent metabolic adaptation 6 years after “The Biggest Loser” competition</title><title>Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)</title><addtitle>Obesity (Silver Spring)</addtitle><description>Objective
To measure long‐term changes in resting metabolic rate (RMR) and body composition in participants of “The Biggest Loser” competition.
Methods
Body composition was measured by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry, and RMR was determined by indirect calorimetry at baseline, at the end of the 30‐week competition and 6 years later. Metabolic adaptation was defined as the residual RMR after adjusting for changes in body composition and age.
Results
Of the 16 “Biggest Loser” competitors originally investigated, 14 participated in this follow‐up study. Weight loss at the end of the competition was (mean ± SD) 58.3 ± 24.9 kg (P < 0.0001), and RMR decreased by 610 ± 483 kcal/day (P = 0.0004). After 6 years, 41.0 ± 31.3 kg of the lost weight was regained (P = 0.0002), while RMR was 704 ± 427 kcal/day below baseline (P < 0.0001) and metabolic adaptation was −499 ± 207 kcal/day (P < 0.0001). Weight regain was not significantly correlated with metabolic adaptation at the competition's end (r = −0.1, P = 0.75), but those subjects maintaining greater weight loss at 6 years also experienced greater concurrent metabolic slowing (r = 0.59, P = 0.025).
Conclusions
Metabolic adaptation persists over time and is likely a proportional, but incomplete, response to contemporaneous efforts to reduce body weight.</description><subject>Absorptiometry, Photon</subject><subject>Adaptation</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Basal Metabolism - physiology</subject><subject>Body composition</subject><subject>Body Composition - physiology</subject><subject>Body Mass Index</subject><subject>Body Weight - physiology</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Exercise</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Follow-Up Studies</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Insulin</subject><subject>Insulin resistance</subject><subject>Intervention</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Lifestyles</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Metabolism</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Obesity, Morbid - metabolism</subject><subject>Physical fitness</subject><subject>Thyroid gland</subject><subject>Urine</subject><subject>Water measurement</subject><subject>Weight control</subject><subject>Weight Loss - physiology</subject><issn>1930-7381</issn><issn>1930-739X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp1kdFKHDEUhkNRqq696AuUgDf1YvVkMpkkN0KVthYWVLDQXoVM9swamZlsk9mWvfNB2pfzScx2dWkFr07gfOfn__MT8pbBEQMojkO9PCqY4OoV2WWaw1hy_W1r81Zsh-yldAtQViDYa7JTSMYrrtQuubrEmHwasB9oh4OtQ-sdtVM7H-zgQ08rukQbE7XNgJHe3_2-vkF66mczTAOdhITx_u4PdaGb4-BXF_tku7FtwjePc0S-fvp4fXY-nlx8_nL2YTJ2ArQaa1FUrmLYyEIIkE2hK9YoqSSAxWktnCgVYGNLzW2dDxAlWF5mTEtXT4GPyMlad76oO5y6nCDa1syj72xcmmC9-X_T-xszCz9NqZUWrMgC7x8FYvixyHFM55PDtrU9hkUyTIEUvKzyL47IwTP0Nixin-OtKA28KtnK0eGacjGkFLHZmGFgVkWZXJT5W1Rm3_3rfkM-NZOB4zXwy7e4fFnJXJx-X0s-AJBFnus</recordid><startdate>201608</startdate><enddate>201608</enddate><creator>Fothergill, Erin</creator><creator>Guo, Juen</creator><creator>Howard, Lilian</creator><creator>Kerns, Jennifer C.</creator><creator>Knuth, Nicolas D.</creator><creator>Brychta, Robert</creator><creator>Chen, Kong Y.</creator><creator>Skarulis, Monica C.</creator><creator>Walter, Mary</creator><creator>Walter, Peter J.</creator><creator>Hall, Kevin D.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201608</creationdate><title>Persistent metabolic adaptation 6 years after “The Biggest Loser” competition</title><author>Fothergill, Erin ; Guo, Juen ; Howard, Lilian ; Kerns, Jennifer C. ; Knuth, Nicolas D. ; Brychta, Robert ; Chen, Kong Y. ; Skarulis, Monica C. ; Walter, Mary ; Walter, Peter J. ; Hall, Kevin D.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5098-9526c61ef725507f2961f878700aedb5c5480efa493ab098ee70a3429697cbd03</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Absorptiometry, Photon</topic><topic>Adaptation</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Basal Metabolism - physiology</topic><topic>Body composition</topic><topic>Body Composition - physiology</topic><topic>Body Mass Index</topic><topic>Body Weight - physiology</topic><topic>Diabetes</topic><topic>Exercise</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Follow-Up Studies</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Insulin</topic><topic>Insulin resistance</topic><topic>Intervention</topic><topic>Laboratories</topic><topic>Lifestyles</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Metabolism</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Obesity, Morbid - metabolism</topic><topic>Physical fitness</topic><topic>Thyroid gland</topic><topic>Urine</topic><topic>Water measurement</topic><topic>Weight control</topic><topic>Weight Loss - physiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Fothergill, Erin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guo, Juen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Howard, Lilian</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kerns, Jennifer C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Knuth, Nicolas D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brychta, Robert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chen, Kong Y.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Skarulis, Monica C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Walter, Mary</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Walter, Peter J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hall, Kevin D.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Fothergill, Erin</au><au>Guo, Juen</au><au>Howard, Lilian</au><au>Kerns, Jennifer C.</au><au>Knuth, Nicolas D.</au><au>Brychta, Robert</au><au>Chen, Kong Y.</au><au>Skarulis, Monica C.</au><au>Walter, Mary</au><au>Walter, Peter J.</au><au>Hall, Kevin D.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Persistent metabolic adaptation 6 years after “The Biggest Loser” competition</atitle><jtitle>Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)</jtitle><addtitle>Obesity (Silver Spring)</addtitle><date>2016-08</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>24</volume><issue>8</issue><spage>1612</spage><epage>1619</epage><pages>1612-1619</pages><issn>1930-7381</issn><eissn>1930-739X</eissn><abstract>Objective
To measure long‐term changes in resting metabolic rate (RMR) and body composition in participants of “The Biggest Loser” competition.
Methods
Body composition was measured by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry, and RMR was determined by indirect calorimetry at baseline, at the end of the 30‐week competition and 6 years later. Metabolic adaptation was defined as the residual RMR after adjusting for changes in body composition and age.
Results
Of the 16 “Biggest Loser” competitors originally investigated, 14 participated in this follow‐up study. Weight loss at the end of the competition was (mean ± SD) 58.3 ± 24.9 kg (P < 0.0001), and RMR decreased by 610 ± 483 kcal/day (P = 0.0004). After 6 years, 41.0 ± 31.3 kg of the lost weight was regained (P = 0.0002), while RMR was 704 ± 427 kcal/day below baseline (P < 0.0001) and metabolic adaptation was −499 ± 207 kcal/day (P < 0.0001). Weight regain was not significantly correlated with metabolic adaptation at the competition's end (r = −0.1, P = 0.75), but those subjects maintaining greater weight loss at 6 years also experienced greater concurrent metabolic slowing (r = 0.59, P = 0.025).
Conclusions
Metabolic adaptation persists over time and is likely a proportional, but incomplete, response to contemporaneous efforts to reduce body weight.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>27136388</pmid><doi>10.1002/oby.21538</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 1930-7381 |
| ispartof | Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 2016-08, Vol.24 (8), p.1612-1619 |
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| source | Wiley Free Content; MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete |
| subjects | Absorptiometry, Photon Adaptation Adult Basal Metabolism - physiology Body composition Body Composition - physiology Body Mass Index Body Weight - physiology Diabetes Exercise Female Follow-Up Studies Humans Insulin Insulin resistance Intervention Laboratories Lifestyles Male Metabolism Middle Aged Obesity, Morbid - metabolism Physical fitness Thyroid gland Urine Water measurement Weight control Weight Loss - physiology |
| title | Persistent metabolic adaptation 6 years after “The Biggest Loser” competition |
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