Surgical Delay of the Nipple–Areolar Complex in High-risk Nipple-sparing Mastectomy Reconstruction

As nipple-sparing mastectomy gains increasing popularity, minimizing the risk of nipple necrosis continues to be of critical importance to patients and surgeons. Patients with large or ptotic breasts, scars from previous cosmetic and/or oncologic breast surgery, or previous irradiation have often been denied nipple-sparing mastectomy (NSM) because of increased risk of nipple necrosis. A variety of interventions have been suggested to minimize the ischemic insult to the nipple–areolar complex (NAC). This article presents our experience in 26 high-risk patients with surgical delay of the NAC.