Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women in Aguascalientes City, Mexico: a cross-sectional study
ObjectivesWe determined the seroprevalence and correlates of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women in Aguascalientes City, Mexico.DesignA cross-sectional survey.SettingPregnant women were enrolled in the central Mexican city of Aguascalientes.ParticipantsWe studied 338 pregnant women who att...
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| creator | Alvarado-Esquivel, Cosme Terrones-Saldívar, María del Carmen Hernández-Tinoco, Jesús Muñoz-Terrones, María Daniela Enriqueta Gallegos-González, Roberto Oswaldo Sánchez-Anguiano, Luis Francisco Reyes-Robles, Martha Elena Jaramillo-Juárez, Fernando Liesenfeld, Oliver Estrada-Martínez, Sergio |
| description | ObjectivesWe determined the seroprevalence and correlates of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women in Aguascalientes City, Mexico.DesignA cross-sectional survey.SettingPregnant women were enrolled in the central Mexican city of Aguascalientes.ParticipantsWe studied 338 pregnant women who attended prenatal care in 3 public health centres.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWomen were examined for IgG/IgM antibodies to T. gondii by using commercially available enzyme immunoassays, and an avidity test. Multiple analyses were used to determine the association of T. gondii seropositivity with the characteristics of the pregnant women.ResultsOf the 338 pregnant women studied, 21 (6.2%) had IgG antibodies to T. gondii, and 1 (4.8%) of them was also positive for IgM antibodies to T. gondii. Avidity of IgG antibodies to T. gondii was high in the IgM-positive sample. Logistic regression analysis of sociodemographic, behavioural and housing variables showed that T. gondii seropositivity was associated with white ethnicity (OR=149.4; 95% CI 10.8 to 2054.1; p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012409 |
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| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_4947781</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>1801432448</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-b427t-24b32392779023e734690b69f4efe20e7d9bf533e2acfc7aa36aefeed75e77613</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNkU9v1DAQxSNERavST4CELHHhQIr_e8MBqVpRQGrVA-VsOckkeJV4gp1A99vX212qwglfbM383tOMX1G8YvScMaHf1-MGJwglp0yXlHFJq2fFCadSlpoq9fzJ-7g4S2lD85GqUoq_KI65EYYppU8K_AYRYfItjB4H7LcEO3KLdzgNLo2O9Bha74kPZIrQBxdm8htHCLvKRb-41LjBQ5ghkbWft-_INdz5Bj8QR5qIKZUJmtljcANJ89JuXxZHnRsSnB3u0-L75afb9Zfy6ubz1_XFVVlLbuaSy1pwUXFjKsoFGCF1RWtddRI64BRMW9WdEgK4a7rGOCe0yx1ojQJjNBOnxce977TUI7RNHjG6wU7Rjy5uLTpv_-4E_8P2-MvKShqz2hm8PRhE_LlAmu3oUwPD4ALgkixbUSYFl3KV0Tf_oBtcYl75QDGplc6U2FMP_xKhexyGUbvL1B4ytbtM7T7TrHr9dI9HzZ8EM3C-B7L6vxzvAeXIr4o</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1801414656</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women in Aguascalientes City, Mexico: a cross-sectional study</title><source>BMJ Open Access Journals</source><source>MEDLINE</source><source>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><source>PubMed Central Open Access</source><source>PubMed Central</source><creator>Alvarado-Esquivel, Cosme ; Terrones-Saldívar, María del Carmen ; Hernández-Tinoco, Jesús ; Muñoz-Terrones, María Daniela Enriqueta ; Gallegos-González, Roberto Oswaldo ; Sánchez-Anguiano, Luis Francisco ; Reyes-Robles, Martha Elena ; Jaramillo-Juárez, Fernando ; Liesenfeld, Oliver ; Estrada-Martínez, Sergio</creator><creatorcontrib>Alvarado-Esquivel, Cosme ; Terrones-Saldívar, María del Carmen ; Hernández-Tinoco, Jesús ; Muñoz-Terrones, María Daniela Enriqueta ; Gallegos-González, Roberto Oswaldo ; Sánchez-Anguiano, Luis Francisco ; Reyes-Robles, Martha Elena ; Jaramillo-Juárez, Fernando ; Liesenfeld, Oliver ; Estrada-Martínez, Sergio</creatorcontrib><description>ObjectivesWe determined the seroprevalence and correlates of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women in Aguascalientes City, Mexico.DesignA cross-sectional survey.SettingPregnant women were enrolled in the central Mexican city of Aguascalientes.ParticipantsWe studied 338 pregnant women who attended prenatal care in 3 public health centres.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWomen were examined for IgG/IgM antibodies to T. gondii by using commercially available enzyme immunoassays, and an avidity test. Multiple analyses were used to determine the association of T. gondii seropositivity with the characteristics of the pregnant women.ResultsOf the 338 pregnant women studied, 21 (6.2%) had IgG antibodies to T. gondii, and 1 (4.8%) of them was also positive for IgM antibodies to T. gondii. Avidity of IgG antibodies to T. gondii was high in the IgM-positive sample. Logistic regression analysis of sociodemographic, behavioural and housing variables showed that T. gondii seropositivity was associated with white ethnicity (OR=149.4; 95% CI 10.8 to 2054.1; p<0.01), not washing hands before eating (OR=6.41; 95% CI 1.73 to 23.6; p=0.005) and use of latrine (OR=37.6; 95% CI 4.63 to 306.31; p=0.001).ConclusionsResults demonstrate that pregnant women in Aguascalientes City have a low seroprevalence of T. gondii infection. However, this low prevalence indicates that most pregnant women are at risk for a primary infection. Factors associated with T. gondii exposure found in this study, including food hygiene, may be useful to determine preventive measures against T. gondii infection and its sequelae.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2044-6055</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2044-6055</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012409</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27371556</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: BMJ Publishing Group LTD</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Antibodies ; Asymptomatic ; Automation ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Disease prevention ; Enzymes ; European Continental Ancestry Group ; Female ; Hand Disinfection ; Health facilities ; Hepatitis ; Housing ; Housing conditions ; Humans ; Immunoassay ; Immunoglobulin G - blood ; Immunoglobulin M - blood ; Infections ; Infectious Diseases ; Logistic Models ; Mexico - epidemiology ; Minority & ethnic groups ; Miscarriage ; Multivariate analysis ; Odds Ratio ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - epidemiology ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - parasitology ; Prevalence ; Protozoa ; Public health ; Risk Factors ; Sample size ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Serology ; Sociodemographics ; Socioeconomic factors ; Statistical analysis ; Stillbirth ; Toilet Facilities ; Toxoplasma - growth & development ; Toxoplasmosis - epidemiology ; Toxoplasmosis - parasitology ; Transplants & implants ; Variables ; Womens health ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>BMJ open, 2016-07, Vol.6 (7), p.e012409-e012409</ispartof><rights>Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing</rights><rights>Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/ 2016 This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/ 2016</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-b427t-24b32392779023e734690b69f4efe20e7d9bf533e2acfc7aa36aefeed75e77613</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-b427t-24b32392779023e734690b69f4efe20e7d9bf533e2acfc7aa36aefeed75e77613</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttp://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/6/7/e012409.full.pdf$$EPDF$$P50$$Gbmj$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttp://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/6/7/e012409.full$$EHTML$$P50$$Gbmj$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,728,781,785,865,886,27554,27555,27929,27930,53796,53798,77606,77637</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27371556$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Alvarado-Esquivel, Cosme</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Terrones-Saldívar, María del Carmen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hernández-Tinoco, Jesús</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Muñoz-Terrones, María Daniela Enriqueta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gallegos-González, Roberto Oswaldo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sánchez-Anguiano, Luis Francisco</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reyes-Robles, Martha Elena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jaramillo-Juárez, Fernando</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liesenfeld, Oliver</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Estrada-Martínez, Sergio</creatorcontrib><title>Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women in Aguascalientes City, Mexico: a cross-sectional study</title><title>BMJ open</title><addtitle>BMJ Open</addtitle><description>ObjectivesWe determined the seroprevalence and correlates of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women in Aguascalientes City, Mexico.DesignA cross-sectional survey.SettingPregnant women were enrolled in the central Mexican city of Aguascalientes.ParticipantsWe studied 338 pregnant women who attended prenatal care in 3 public health centres.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWomen were examined for IgG/IgM antibodies to T. gondii by using commercially available enzyme immunoassays, and an avidity test. Multiple analyses were used to determine the association of T. gondii seropositivity with the characteristics of the pregnant women.ResultsOf the 338 pregnant women studied, 21 (6.2%) had IgG antibodies to T. gondii, and 1 (4.8%) of them was also positive for IgM antibodies to T. gondii. Avidity of IgG antibodies to T. gondii was high in the IgM-positive sample. Logistic regression analysis of sociodemographic, behavioural and housing variables showed that T. gondii seropositivity was associated with white ethnicity (OR=149.4; 95% CI 10.8 to 2054.1; p<0.01), not washing hands before eating (OR=6.41; 95% CI 1.73 to 23.6; p=0.005) and use of latrine (OR=37.6; 95% CI 4.63 to 306.31; p=0.001).ConclusionsResults demonstrate that pregnant women in Aguascalientes City have a low seroprevalence of T. gondii infection. However, this low prevalence indicates that most pregnant women are at risk for a primary infection. Factors associated with T. gondii exposure found in this study, including food hygiene, may be useful to determine preventive measures against T. gondii infection and its sequelae.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Antibodies</subject><subject>Asymptomatic</subject><subject>Automation</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Disease prevention</subject><subject>Enzymes</subject><subject>European Continental Ancestry Group</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Hand Disinfection</subject><subject>Health facilities</subject><subject>Hepatitis</subject><subject>Housing</subject><subject>Housing conditions</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Immunoassay</subject><subject>Immunoglobulin G - blood</subject><subject>Immunoglobulin M - blood</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Infectious Diseases</subject><subject>Logistic Models</subject><subject>Mexico - epidemiology</subject><subject>Minority & ethnic groups</subject><subject>Miscarriage</subject><subject>Multivariate analysis</subject><subject>Odds Ratio</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - epidemiology</subject><subject>Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - parasitology</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Protozoa</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Sample size</subject><subject>Seroepidemiologic Studies</subject><subject>Serology</subject><subject>Sociodemographics</subject><subject>Socioeconomic factors</subject><subject>Statistical analysis</subject><subject>Stillbirth</subject><subject>Toilet Facilities</subject><subject>Toxoplasma - growth & development</subject><subject>Toxoplasmosis - epidemiology</subject><subject>Toxoplasmosis - parasitology</subject><subject>Transplants & implants</subject><subject>Variables</subject><subject>Womens health</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>2044-6055</issn><issn>2044-6055</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>9YT</sourceid><sourceid>ACMMV</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkU9v1DAQxSNERavST4CELHHhQIr_e8MBqVpRQGrVA-VsOckkeJV4gp1A99vX212qwglfbM383tOMX1G8YvScMaHf1-MGJwglp0yXlHFJq2fFCadSlpoq9fzJ-7g4S2lD85GqUoq_KI65EYYppU8K_AYRYfItjB4H7LcEO3KLdzgNLo2O9Bha74kPZIrQBxdm8htHCLvKRb-41LjBQ5ghkbWft-_INdz5Bj8QR5qIKZUJmtljcANJ89JuXxZHnRsSnB3u0-L75afb9Zfy6ubz1_XFVVlLbuaSy1pwUXFjKsoFGCF1RWtddRI64BRMW9WdEgK4a7rGOCe0yx1ojQJjNBOnxce977TUI7RNHjG6wU7Rjy5uLTpv_-4E_8P2-MvKShqz2hm8PRhE_LlAmu3oUwPD4ALgkixbUSYFl3KV0Tf_oBtcYl75QDGplc6U2FMP_xKhexyGUbvL1B4ytbtM7T7TrHr9dI9HzZ8EM3C-B7L6vxzvAeXIr4o</recordid><startdate>20160701</startdate><enddate>20160701</enddate><creator>Alvarado-Esquivel, Cosme</creator><creator>Terrones-Saldívar, María del Carmen</creator><creator>Hernández-Tinoco, Jesús</creator><creator>Muñoz-Terrones, María Daniela Enriqueta</creator><creator>Gallegos-González, Roberto Oswaldo</creator><creator>Sánchez-Anguiano, Luis Francisco</creator><creator>Reyes-Robles, Martha Elena</creator><creator>Jaramillo-Juárez, Fernando</creator><creator>Liesenfeld, Oliver</creator><creator>Estrada-Martínez, Sergio</creator><general>BMJ Publishing Group LTD</general><general>BMJ Publishing Group</general><scope>9YT</scope><scope>ACMMV</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BTHHO</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>K9-</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0R</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20160701</creationdate><title>Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women in Aguascalientes City, Mexico: a cross-sectional study</title><author>Alvarado-Esquivel, Cosme ; Terrones-Saldívar, María del Carmen ; Hernández-Tinoco, Jesús ; Muñoz-Terrones, María Daniela Enriqueta ; Gallegos-González, Roberto Oswaldo ; Sánchez-Anguiano, Luis Francisco ; Reyes-Robles, Martha Elena ; Jaramillo-Juárez, Fernando ; Liesenfeld, Oliver ; Estrada-Martínez, Sergio</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-b427t-24b32392779023e734690b69f4efe20e7d9bf533e2acfc7aa36aefeed75e77613</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Antibodies</topic><topic>Asymptomatic</topic><topic>Automation</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Disease prevention</topic><topic>Enzymes</topic><topic>European Continental Ancestry Group</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Hand Disinfection</topic><topic>Health facilities</topic><topic>Hepatitis</topic><topic>Housing</topic><topic>Housing conditions</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Immunoassay</topic><topic>Immunoglobulin G - blood</topic><topic>Immunoglobulin M - blood</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Infectious Diseases</topic><topic>Logistic Models</topic><topic>Mexico - epidemiology</topic><topic>Minority & ethnic groups</topic><topic>Miscarriage</topic><topic>Multivariate analysis</topic><topic>Odds Ratio</topic><topic>Pregnancy</topic><topic>Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - epidemiology</topic><topic>Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - parasitology</topic><topic>Prevalence</topic><topic>Protozoa</topic><topic>Public health</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Sample size</topic><topic>Seroepidemiologic Studies</topic><topic>Serology</topic><topic>Sociodemographics</topic><topic>Socioeconomic factors</topic><topic>Statistical analysis</topic><topic>Stillbirth</topic><topic>Toilet Facilities</topic><topic>Toxoplasma - growth & development</topic><topic>Toxoplasmosis - epidemiology</topic><topic>Toxoplasmosis - parasitology</topic><topic>Transplants & implants</topic><topic>Variables</topic><topic>Womens health</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Alvarado-Esquivel, Cosme</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Terrones-Saldívar, María del Carmen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hernández-Tinoco, Jesús</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Muñoz-Terrones, María Daniela Enriqueta</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gallegos-González, Roberto Oswaldo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sánchez-Anguiano, Luis Francisco</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reyes-Robles, Martha Elena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jaramillo-Juárez, Fernando</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Liesenfeld, Oliver</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Estrada-Martínez, Sergio</creatorcontrib><collection>BMJ Open Access Journals</collection><collection>BMJ Journals:Open Access</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>BMJ Journals</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Psychology Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Publicly Available Content Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>BMJ open</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Alvarado-Esquivel, Cosme</au><au>Terrones-Saldívar, María del Carmen</au><au>Hernández-Tinoco, Jesús</au><au>Muñoz-Terrones, María Daniela Enriqueta</au><au>Gallegos-González, Roberto Oswaldo</au><au>Sánchez-Anguiano, Luis Francisco</au><au>Reyes-Robles, Martha Elena</au><au>Jaramillo-Juárez, Fernando</au><au>Liesenfeld, Oliver</au><au>Estrada-Martínez, Sergio</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women in Aguascalientes City, Mexico: a cross-sectional study</atitle><jtitle>BMJ open</jtitle><addtitle>BMJ Open</addtitle><date>2016-07-01</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>6</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>e012409</spage><epage>e012409</epage><pages>e012409-e012409</pages><issn>2044-6055</issn><eissn>2044-6055</eissn><abstract>ObjectivesWe determined the seroprevalence and correlates of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pregnant women in Aguascalientes City, Mexico.DesignA cross-sectional survey.SettingPregnant women were enrolled in the central Mexican city of Aguascalientes.ParticipantsWe studied 338 pregnant women who attended prenatal care in 3 public health centres.Primary and secondary outcome measuresWomen were examined for IgG/IgM antibodies to T. gondii by using commercially available enzyme immunoassays, and an avidity test. Multiple analyses were used to determine the association of T. gondii seropositivity with the characteristics of the pregnant women.ResultsOf the 338 pregnant women studied, 21 (6.2%) had IgG antibodies to T. gondii, and 1 (4.8%) of them was also positive for IgM antibodies to T. gondii. Avidity of IgG antibodies to T. gondii was high in the IgM-positive sample. Logistic regression analysis of sociodemographic, behavioural and housing variables showed that T. gondii seropositivity was associated with white ethnicity (OR=149.4; 95% CI 10.8 to 2054.1; p<0.01), not washing hands before eating (OR=6.41; 95% CI 1.73 to 23.6; p=0.005) and use of latrine (OR=37.6; 95% CI 4.63 to 306.31; p=0.001).ConclusionsResults demonstrate that pregnant women in Aguascalientes City have a low seroprevalence of T. gondii infection. However, this low prevalence indicates that most pregnant women are at risk for a primary infection. Factors associated with T. gondii exposure found in this study, including food hygiene, may be useful to determine preventive measures against T. gondii infection and its sequelae.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>BMJ Publishing Group LTD</pub><pmid>27371556</pmid><doi>10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012409</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | BMJ Open Access Journals; MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central Open Access; PubMed Central |
| subjects | Adolescent Adult Antibodies Asymptomatic Automation Cross-Sectional Studies Disease prevention Enzymes European Continental Ancestry Group Female Hand Disinfection Health facilities Hepatitis Housing Housing conditions Humans Immunoassay Immunoglobulin G - blood Immunoglobulin M - blood Infections Infectious Diseases Logistic Models Mexico - epidemiology Minority & ethnic groups Miscarriage Multivariate analysis Odds Ratio Pregnancy Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - epidemiology Pregnancy Complications, Infectious - parasitology Prevalence Protozoa Public health Risk Factors Sample size Seroepidemiologic Studies Serology Sociodemographics Socioeconomic factors Statistical analysis Stillbirth Toilet Facilities Toxoplasma - growth & development Toxoplasmosis - epidemiology Toxoplasmosis - parasitology Transplants & implants Variables Womens health Young Adult |
| title | Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women in Aguascalientes City, Mexico: a cross-sectional study |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-15T17%3A07%3A39IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Seroepidemiology%20of%20Toxoplasma%20gondii%20in%20pregnant%20women%20in%20Aguascalientes%20City,%20Mexico:%20a%20cross-sectional%20study&rft.jtitle=BMJ%20open&rft.au=Alvarado-Esquivel,%20Cosme&rft.date=2016-07-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=7&rft.spage=e012409&rft.epage=e012409&rft.pages=e012409-e012409&rft.issn=2044-6055&rft.eissn=2044-6055&rft_id=info:doi/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012409&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_pubme%3E1801432448%3C/proquest_pubme%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1801414656&rft_id=info:pmid/27371556&rfr_iscdi=true |