Mediterranean circulation perturbations over the last five centuries: Relevance to past Eastern Mediterranean Transient-type events
The Eastern Mediterranean Transient (EMT) occurred in the Aegean Sea from 1988 to 1995 and is the most significant intermediate-to-deep Mediterranean overturning perturbation reported by instrumental records. The EMT was likely caused by accumulation of high salinity waters in the Levantine and enha...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Scientific reports 2016-07, Vol.6 (1), p.29623-29623, Article 29623 |
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| creator | Incarbona, Alessandro Martrat, Belen Mortyn, P. Graham Sprovieri, Mario Ziveri, Patrizia Gogou, Alexandra Jordà, Gabriel Xoplaki, Elena Luterbacher, Juerg Langone, Leonardo Marino, Gianluca Rodríguez-Sanz, Laura Triantaphyllou, Maria Di Stefano, Enrico Grimalt, Joan O. Tranchida, Giorgio Sprovieri, Rodolfo Mazzola, Salvatore |
| description | The Eastern Mediterranean Transient (EMT) occurred in the Aegean Sea from 1988 to 1995 and is the most significant intermediate-to-deep Mediterranean overturning perturbation reported by instrumental records. The EMT was likely caused by accumulation of high salinity waters in the Levantine and enhanced heat loss in the Aegean Sea, coupled with surface water freshening in the Sicily Channel. It is still unknown whether similar transients occurred in the past and, if so, what their forcing processes were. In this study, sediments from the Sicily Channel document surface water freshening (SCFR) at 1910 ± 12, 1812 ± 18, 1725 ± 25 and 1580 ± 30 CE. A regional ocean hindcast links SCFR to enhanced deep-water production and in turn to strengthened Mediterranean thermohaline circulation. Independent evidence collected in the Aegean Sea supports this reconstruction, showing that enhanced bottom water ventilation in the Eastern Mediterranean was associated with each SCFR event. Comparison between the records and multi-decadal atmospheric circulation patterns and climatic external forcings indicates that Mediterranean circulation destabilisation occurs during positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and negative Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) phases, reduced solar activity and strong tropical volcanic eruptions. They may have recurrently produced favourable deep-water formation conditions, both increasing salinity and reducing temperature on multi-decadal time scales. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/srep29623 |
| format | Article |
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Graham ; Sprovieri, Mario ; Ziveri, Patrizia ; Gogou, Alexandra ; Jordà, Gabriel ; Xoplaki, Elena ; Luterbacher, Juerg ; Langone, Leonardo ; Marino, Gianluca ; Rodríguez-Sanz, Laura ; Triantaphyllou, Maria ; Di Stefano, Enrico ; Grimalt, Joan O. ; Tranchida, Giorgio ; Sprovieri, Rodolfo ; Mazzola, Salvatore</creator><creatorcontrib>Incarbona, Alessandro ; Martrat, Belen ; Mortyn, P. Graham ; Sprovieri, Mario ; Ziveri, Patrizia ; Gogou, Alexandra ; Jordà, Gabriel ; Xoplaki, Elena ; Luterbacher, Juerg ; Langone, Leonardo ; Marino, Gianluca ; Rodríguez-Sanz, Laura ; Triantaphyllou, Maria ; Di Stefano, Enrico ; Grimalt, Joan O. ; Tranchida, Giorgio ; Sprovieri, Rodolfo ; Mazzola, Salvatore</creatorcontrib><description>The Eastern Mediterranean Transient (EMT) occurred in the Aegean Sea from 1988 to 1995 and is the most significant intermediate-to-deep Mediterranean overturning perturbation reported by instrumental records. The EMT was likely caused by accumulation of high salinity waters in the Levantine and enhanced heat loss in the Aegean Sea, coupled with surface water freshening in the Sicily Channel. It is still unknown whether similar transients occurred in the past and, if so, what their forcing processes were. In this study, sediments from the Sicily Channel document surface water freshening (SCFR) at 1910 ± 12, 1812 ± 18, 1725 ± 25 and 1580 ± 30 CE. A regional ocean hindcast links SCFR to enhanced deep-water production and in turn to strengthened Mediterranean thermohaline circulation. Independent evidence collected in the Aegean Sea supports this reconstruction, showing that enhanced bottom water ventilation in the Eastern Mediterranean was associated with each SCFR event. Comparison between the records and multi-decadal atmospheric circulation patterns and climatic external forcings indicates that Mediterranean circulation destabilisation occurs during positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and negative Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) phases, reduced solar activity and strong tropical volcanic eruptions. They may have recurrently produced favourable deep-water formation conditions, both increasing salinity and reducing temperature on multi-decadal time scales.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2045-2322</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2045-2322</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/srep29623</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27412622</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>704/106/2738 ; 704/829 ; Archives & records ; Atmospheric circulation ; Bottom water ; Deep water ; Humanities and Social Sciences ; Hypothesis testing ; multidisciplinary ; Salinity ; Science ; Science (multidisciplinary) ; Seawater ; Sediments ; Solar activity ; Surface water ; Thermohaline circulation ; Ventilation ; Volcanic eruptions</subject><ispartof>Scientific reports, 2016-07, Vol.6 (1), p.29623-29623, Article 29623</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2016</rights><rights>Copyright Nature Publishing Group Jul 2016</rights><rights>Copyright © 2016, Macmillan Publishers Limited 2016 Macmillan Publishers Limited</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c438t-9dd5c0588850cde50d4a8f4a0671fb74c9a786c2b2389d6ecf1ddb4bf8f2dc073</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c438t-9dd5c0588850cde50d4a8f4a0671fb74c9a786c2b2389d6ecf1ddb4bf8f2dc073</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4944156/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4944156/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,860,881,27901,27902,41096,42165,51551,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27412622$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Incarbona, Alessandro</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Martrat, Belen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mortyn, P. Graham</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sprovieri, Mario</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ziveri, Patrizia</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gogou, Alexandra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jordà, Gabriel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Xoplaki, Elena</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Luterbacher, Juerg</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Langone, Leonardo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marino, Gianluca</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rodríguez-Sanz, Laura</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Triantaphyllou, Maria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Di Stefano, Enrico</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grimalt, Joan O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tranchida, Giorgio</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sprovieri, Rodolfo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mazzola, Salvatore</creatorcontrib><title>Mediterranean circulation perturbations over the last five centuries: Relevance to past Eastern Mediterranean Transient-type events</title><title>Scientific reports</title><addtitle>Sci Rep</addtitle><addtitle>Sci Rep</addtitle><description>The Eastern Mediterranean Transient (EMT) occurred in the Aegean Sea from 1988 to 1995 and is the most significant intermediate-to-deep Mediterranean overturning perturbation reported by instrumental records. The EMT was likely caused by accumulation of high salinity waters in the Levantine and enhanced heat loss in the Aegean Sea, coupled with surface water freshening in the Sicily Channel. It is still unknown whether similar transients occurred in the past and, if so, what their forcing processes were. In this study, sediments from the Sicily Channel document surface water freshening (SCFR) at 1910 ± 12, 1812 ± 18, 1725 ± 25 and 1580 ± 30 CE. A regional ocean hindcast links SCFR to enhanced deep-water production and in turn to strengthened Mediterranean thermohaline circulation. Independent evidence collected in the Aegean Sea supports this reconstruction, showing that enhanced bottom water ventilation in the Eastern Mediterranean was associated with each SCFR event. Comparison between the records and multi-decadal atmospheric circulation patterns and climatic external forcings indicates that Mediterranean circulation destabilisation occurs during positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and negative Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) phases, reduced solar activity and strong tropical volcanic eruptions. 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Graham</au><au>Sprovieri, Mario</au><au>Ziveri, Patrizia</au><au>Gogou, Alexandra</au><au>Jordà, Gabriel</au><au>Xoplaki, Elena</au><au>Luterbacher, Juerg</au><au>Langone, Leonardo</au><au>Marino, Gianluca</au><au>Rodríguez-Sanz, Laura</au><au>Triantaphyllou, Maria</au><au>Di Stefano, Enrico</au><au>Grimalt, Joan O.</au><au>Tranchida, Giorgio</au><au>Sprovieri, Rodolfo</au><au>Mazzola, Salvatore</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Mediterranean circulation perturbations over the last five centuries: Relevance to past Eastern Mediterranean Transient-type events</atitle><jtitle>Scientific reports</jtitle><stitle>Sci Rep</stitle><addtitle>Sci Rep</addtitle><date>2016-07-14</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>6</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>29623</spage><epage>29623</epage><pages>29623-29623</pages><artnum>29623</artnum><issn>2045-2322</issn><eissn>2045-2322</eissn><abstract>The Eastern Mediterranean Transient (EMT) occurred in the Aegean Sea from 1988 to 1995 and is the most significant intermediate-to-deep Mediterranean overturning perturbation reported by instrumental records. The EMT was likely caused by accumulation of high salinity waters in the Levantine and enhanced heat loss in the Aegean Sea, coupled with surface water freshening in the Sicily Channel. It is still unknown whether similar transients occurred in the past and, if so, what their forcing processes were. In this study, sediments from the Sicily Channel document surface water freshening (SCFR) at 1910 ± 12, 1812 ± 18, 1725 ± 25 and 1580 ± 30 CE. A regional ocean hindcast links SCFR to enhanced deep-water production and in turn to strengthened Mediterranean thermohaline circulation. Independent evidence collected in the Aegean Sea supports this reconstruction, showing that enhanced bottom water ventilation in the Eastern Mediterranean was associated with each SCFR event. Comparison between the records and multi-decadal atmospheric circulation patterns and climatic external forcings indicates that Mediterranean circulation destabilisation occurs during positive North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and negative Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) phases, reduced solar activity and strong tropical volcanic eruptions. They may have recurrently produced favourable deep-water formation conditions, both increasing salinity and reducing temperature on multi-decadal time scales.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>27412622</pmid><doi>10.1038/srep29623</doi><tpages>1</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | 704/106/2738 704/829 Archives & records Atmospheric circulation Bottom water Deep water Humanities and Social Sciences Hypothesis testing multidisciplinary Salinity Science Science (multidisciplinary) Seawater Sediments Solar activity Surface water Thermohaline circulation Ventilation Volcanic eruptions |
| title | Mediterranean circulation perturbations over the last five centuries: Relevance to past Eastern Mediterranean Transient-type events |
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