Effect of botulinum toxin a and nitroglycerin on random skin flap survival in rats
Background A suitable pharmacological substitute for the well-established surgical delay technique for random skin flaps to increase viability has been elusive. Objective To evaluate the effects of nitroglycerin and botulinum toxin type A on random flap survival in a rat model. Methods The present c...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Canadian journal of plastic surgery 2016-06, Vol.24 (2), p.99-102 |
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| container_title | Canadian journal of plastic surgery |
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| creator | Ghanbarzadeh, Kourosh Tabatabaie, Omid Reza Salehifar, Ebrahim Amanlou, Massoud Khorasani, Ghasemali |
| description | Background
A suitable pharmacological substitute for the well-established surgical delay technique for random skin flaps to increase viability has been elusive.
Objective
To evaluate the effects of nitroglycerin and botulinum toxin type A on random flap survival in a rat model.
Methods
The present controlled experimental study was performed in the four groups of rats. One week after intervention in each group, the flap was raised and kept in situ, and flap necrosis was evaluated through follow-up. Group 1 received intradermal botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) and topical nitroglycerin 2%; group 2 received BTX-A and topical Vaseline (Unilever, USA); group 3 received topical nitroglycerin and intradermal normal saline; and group 4 received topical Vaseline and intradermal normal saline.
Results
BTX-A reduced the area of necrosis compared with control (24% versus 56% respectively; P |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1177/229255031602400208 |
| format | Article |
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A suitable pharmacological substitute for the well-established surgical delay technique for random skin flaps to increase viability has been elusive.
Objective
To evaluate the effects of nitroglycerin and botulinum toxin type A on random flap survival in a rat model.
Methods
The present controlled experimental study was performed in the four groups of rats. One week after intervention in each group, the flap was raised and kept in situ, and flap necrosis was evaluated through follow-up. Group 1 received intradermal botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) and topical nitroglycerin 2%; group 2 received BTX-A and topical Vaseline (Unilever, USA); group 3 received topical nitroglycerin and intradermal normal saline; and group 4 received topical Vaseline and intradermal normal saline.
Results
BTX-A reduced the area of necrosis compared with control (24% versus 56% respectively; P<0.001). Nitroglycerin application was associated with a trend toward improved flap viability (42% versus 56%; P=0.059). The combination of topical nitroglycerin and BTX-A, compared with Vaseline and BTX-A, was associated with decreased flap necrosis (16.1% versus 24%, respectively), although it was not statistically significant (P=0.45).
Conclusions
BTX-A was effective in reducing distal flap necrosis. The effect of BTX-A was significantly more pronounced than nitroglycerin ointment.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2292-5503</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2292-5511</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1177/229255031602400208</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27441193</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications</publisher><subject>Botulinum toxin ; Gangrene ; Ischemia ; Laboratory animals ; Medical research ; Nitric oxide ; Original ; Rodents ; Skin & tissue grafts ; Studies ; Surgical techniques</subject><ispartof>Canadian journal of plastic surgery, 2016-06, Vol.24 (2), p.99-102</ispartof><rights>2016 Plastic Surgery Journal Corporation</rights><rights>Copyright Pulsus Group Inc. Summer 2016</rights><rights>2016 Canadian Society of Plastic Surgeons. All rights reserved 2016</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c498t-2f0da87fc7fcfbce56dfa06febb5be6eadf45ac35cd0f4a0a3f748eeb65cae073</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c498t-2f0da87fc7fcfbce56dfa06febb5be6eadf45ac35cd0f4a0a3f748eeb65cae073</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4942244/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4942244/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,21819,27924,27925,43621,43622,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27441193$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Ghanbarzadeh, Kourosh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tabatabaie, Omid Reza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Salehifar, Ebrahim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Amanlou, Massoud</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khorasani, Ghasemali</creatorcontrib><title>Effect of botulinum toxin a and nitroglycerin on random skin flap survival in rats</title><title>Canadian journal of plastic surgery</title><addtitle>Plast Surg (Oakv)</addtitle><description>Background
A suitable pharmacological substitute for the well-established surgical delay technique for random skin flaps to increase viability has been elusive.
Objective
To evaluate the effects of nitroglycerin and botulinum toxin type A on random flap survival in a rat model.
Methods
The present controlled experimental study was performed in the four groups of rats. One week after intervention in each group, the flap was raised and kept in situ, and flap necrosis was evaluated through follow-up. Group 1 received intradermal botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) and topical nitroglycerin 2%; group 2 received BTX-A and topical Vaseline (Unilever, USA); group 3 received topical nitroglycerin and intradermal normal saline; and group 4 received topical Vaseline and intradermal normal saline.
Results
BTX-A reduced the area of necrosis compared with control (24% versus 56% respectively; P<0.001). Nitroglycerin application was associated with a trend toward improved flap viability (42% versus 56%; P=0.059). The combination of topical nitroglycerin and BTX-A, compared with Vaseline and BTX-A, was associated with decreased flap necrosis (16.1% versus 24%, respectively), although it was not statistically significant (P=0.45).
Conclusions
BTX-A was effective in reducing distal flap necrosis. The effect of BTX-A was significantly more pronounced than nitroglycerin ointment.</description><subject>Botulinum toxin</subject><subject>Gangrene</subject><subject>Ischemia</subject><subject>Laboratory animals</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Nitric oxide</subject><subject>Original</subject><subject>Rodents</subject><subject>Skin & tissue grafts</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Surgical techniques</subject><issn>2292-5503</issn><issn>2292-5511</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kV1rFDEUhoMottT-AS8k4I03a0--ZjI3gpT6AQWhtNchkzlZU2eSNZlZ2n9vlq1LVSwEkrznOW9yeAl5zeA9Y217xnnHlQLBGuASgIN-Ro534kopxp4fziCOyGkptwDApBKN1C_JEW-lZKwTx-Tqwnt0M02e9mlexhCXic7pLkRqqY0DjWHOaT3eO8xVS5HmqqaJlh_16ke7oWXJ27C1Iw274lxekRfejgVPH_YTcvPp4vr8y-ry2-ev5x8vV052el5xD4PVrXd1-d6hagZvofHY96rHBu3gpbJOKDeAlxas8K3UiH2jnEVoxQn5sPfdLP2Eg8M4ZzuaTQ6Tzfcm2WD-rMTw3azT1shOci5lNXj3YJDTzwXLbKZQHI6jjZiWYpiGRkpQYoe-_Qu9TUuOdTzDJRdtKySDpyjWcS0E07qrFN9TLqdSMvrDlxmYXbbm32xr05vHwx5afidZgbM9UOwaH737f8tfdxStkQ</recordid><startdate>20160601</startdate><enddate>20160601</enddate><creator>Ghanbarzadeh, Kourosh</creator><creator>Tabatabaie, Omid Reza</creator><creator>Salehifar, Ebrahim</creator><creator>Amanlou, Massoud</creator><creator>Khorasani, Ghasemali</creator><general>SAGE Publications</general><general>SAGE PUBLICATIONS, INC</general><general>Pulsus Group Inc</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8FQ</scope><scope>8FV</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M3G</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20160601</creationdate><title>Effect of botulinum toxin a and nitroglycerin on random skin flap survival in rats</title><author>Ghanbarzadeh, Kourosh ; Tabatabaie, Omid Reza ; Salehifar, Ebrahim ; Amanlou, Massoud ; Khorasani, Ghasemali</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c498t-2f0da87fc7fcfbce56dfa06febb5be6eadf45ac35cd0f4a0a3f748eeb65cae073</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2016</creationdate><topic>Botulinum toxin</topic><topic>Gangrene</topic><topic>Ischemia</topic><topic>Laboratory animals</topic><topic>Medical research</topic><topic>Nitric oxide</topic><topic>Original</topic><topic>Rodents</topic><topic>Skin & tissue grafts</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Surgical techniques</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Ghanbarzadeh, Kourosh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tabatabaie, Omid Reza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Salehifar, Ebrahim</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Amanlou, Massoud</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Khorasani, Ghasemali</creatorcontrib><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Canadian Business & Current Affairs Database</collection><collection>Canadian Business & Current Affairs Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>CBCA Reference & Current Events</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Canadian journal of plastic surgery</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Ghanbarzadeh, Kourosh</au><au>Tabatabaie, Omid Reza</au><au>Salehifar, Ebrahim</au><au>Amanlou, Massoud</au><au>Khorasani, Ghasemali</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Effect of botulinum toxin a and nitroglycerin on random skin flap survival in rats</atitle><jtitle>Canadian journal of plastic surgery</jtitle><addtitle>Plast Surg (Oakv)</addtitle><date>2016-06-01</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>24</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>99</spage><epage>102</epage><pages>99-102</pages><issn>2292-5503</issn><eissn>2292-5511</eissn><abstract>Background
A suitable pharmacological substitute for the well-established surgical delay technique for random skin flaps to increase viability has been elusive.
Objective
To evaluate the effects of nitroglycerin and botulinum toxin type A on random flap survival in a rat model.
Methods
The present controlled experimental study was performed in the four groups of rats. One week after intervention in each group, the flap was raised and kept in situ, and flap necrosis was evaluated through follow-up. Group 1 received intradermal botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) and topical nitroglycerin 2%; group 2 received BTX-A and topical Vaseline (Unilever, USA); group 3 received topical nitroglycerin and intradermal normal saline; and group 4 received topical Vaseline and intradermal normal saline.
Results
BTX-A reduced the area of necrosis compared with control (24% versus 56% respectively; P<0.001). Nitroglycerin application was associated with a trend toward improved flap viability (42% versus 56%; P=0.059). The combination of topical nitroglycerin and BTX-A, compared with Vaseline and BTX-A, was associated with decreased flap necrosis (16.1% versus 24%, respectively), although it was not statistically significant (P=0.45).
Conclusions
BTX-A was effective in reducing distal flap necrosis. The effect of BTX-A was significantly more pronounced than nitroglycerin ointment.</abstract><cop>Los Angeles, CA</cop><pub>SAGE Publications</pub><pmid>27441193</pmid><doi>10.1177/229255031602400208</doi><tpages>4</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Canadian journal of plastic surgery, 2016-06, Vol.24 (2), p.99-102 |
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| subjects | Botulinum toxin Gangrene Ischemia Laboratory animals Medical research Nitric oxide Original Rodents Skin & tissue grafts Studies Surgical techniques |
| title | Effect of botulinum toxin a and nitroglycerin on random skin flap survival in rats |
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