Stachybotrys mycotoxins: from culture extracts to dust samples
The filamentous fungus Stachybotrys chartarum is known for its toxic metabolites and has been associated with serious health problems, including mycotoxicosis, among occupants of contaminated buildings. Here, we present results from a case study, where an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography...
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| creator | Došen, Ina Andersen, Birgitte Phippen, Christopher B. W. Clausen, Geo Nielsen, Kristian Fog |
| description | The filamentous fungus
Stachybotrys chartarum
is known for its toxic metabolites and has been associated with serious health problems, including mycotoxicosis, among occupants of contaminated buildings. Here, we present results from a case study, where an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for known and tentatively identified compounds characterized via UHPLC-quadruple time-of-flight (QTOF) screening of fungal culture extracts, wall scrapings and reference standards. The UHPLC-MS/MS method was able to identify 12
Stachybotrys
metabolites, of which four could be quantified based on authentic standards and a further six estimated based on similarity to authentic standards. Samples collected from walls contaminated by
S. chartarum
in a water-damaged building showed that the two known chemotypes, S and A, coexisted. More importantly, a link between mycotoxin concentrations found on contaminated surfaces and in settled dust was made. One dust sample, collected from a water-damaged room, contained 10 pg/cm
2
macrocyclic trichothecenes (roridin E). For the first time, more than one spirocyclic drimane was detected in dust. Spirocyclic drimanes were detected in all 11 analysed dust samples and in total amounted to 600 pg/cm
2
in the water-damaged room and 340 pg/cm
2
in rooms adjacent to the water-damaged area. Their wide distribution in detectable amounts in dust suggested they could be good candidates for exposure biomarkers.
Graphical abstract
Stachybotrys
growing on a gypsum board, and some of the compounds it produces |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1007/s00216-016-9649-y |
| format | Article |
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Stachybotrys chartarum
is known for its toxic metabolites and has been associated with serious health problems, including mycotoxicosis, among occupants of contaminated buildings. Here, we present results from a case study, where an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for known and tentatively identified compounds characterized via UHPLC-quadruple time-of-flight (QTOF) screening of fungal culture extracts, wall scrapings and reference standards. The UHPLC-MS/MS method was able to identify 12
Stachybotrys
metabolites, of which four could be quantified based on authentic standards and a further six estimated based on similarity to authentic standards. Samples collected from walls contaminated by
S. chartarum
in a water-damaged building showed that the two known chemotypes, S and A, coexisted. More importantly, a link between mycotoxin concentrations found on contaminated surfaces and in settled dust was made. One dust sample, collected from a water-damaged room, contained 10 pg/cm
2
macrocyclic trichothecenes (roridin E). For the first time, more than one spirocyclic drimane was detected in dust. Spirocyclic drimanes were detected in all 11 analysed dust samples and in total amounted to 600 pg/cm
2
in the water-damaged room and 340 pg/cm
2
in rooms adjacent to the water-damaged area. Their wide distribution in detectable amounts in dust suggested they could be good candidates for exposure biomarkers.
Graphical abstract
Stachybotrys
growing on a gypsum board, and some of the compounds it produces</description><identifier>ISSN: 1618-2642</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1618-2650</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9649-y</identifier><identifier>PMID: 27255106</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg</publisher><subject>Analytical Chemistry ; Biochemistry ; biomarkers ; buildings ; Case studies ; Characterization and Evaluation of Materials ; Chemical properties ; Chemistry ; Chemistry and Materials Science ; chemotypes ; Chromatography ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid - methods ; Contamination ; Culture ; Culture Media - analysis ; Culture Media - chemistry ; Cytotoxicity ; Dust ; Dust - analysis ; Food Science ; Fungi ; gypsum ; Health problems ; High performance liquid chromatography ; Hormones ; Laboratory Medicine ; Liquid chromatography ; Mass spectrometry ; Metabolites ; Methods ; microbial culture ; Molds (Fungi) ; Monitoring/Environmental Analysis ; mycotoxicosis ; Mycotoxins ; Mycotoxins - analysis ; Mycotoxins - chemistry ; reference standards ; Reproducibility of Results ; Research Paper ; roridins ; screening ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Stachybotrys ; Stachybotrys - chemistry ; Stachybotrys chartarum ; tandem mass spectrometry ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry - methods ; Thyroid ; toxicity ; Walls</subject><ispartof>Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 2016-08, Vol.408 (20), p.5513-5526</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2016</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2016 Springer</rights><rights>Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c739t-a0813b72a658fb129333e896bb7125e1feb85b9752f2fa810b8088ac122292093</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c739t-a0813b72a658fb129333e896bb7125e1feb85b9752f2fa810b8088ac122292093</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00216-016-9649-y$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00216-016-9649-y$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27255106$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Došen, Ina</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Andersen, Birgitte</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Phippen, Christopher B. W.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Clausen, Geo</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nielsen, Kristian Fog</creatorcontrib><title>Stachybotrys mycotoxins: from culture extracts to dust samples</title><title>Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry</title><addtitle>Anal Bioanal Chem</addtitle><addtitle>Anal Bioanal Chem</addtitle><description>The filamentous fungus
Stachybotrys chartarum
is known for its toxic metabolites and has been associated with serious health problems, including mycotoxicosis, among occupants of contaminated buildings. Here, we present results from a case study, where an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for known and tentatively identified compounds characterized via UHPLC-quadruple time-of-flight (QTOF) screening of fungal culture extracts, wall scrapings and reference standards. The UHPLC-MS/MS method was able to identify 12
Stachybotrys
metabolites, of which four could be quantified based on authentic standards and a further six estimated based on similarity to authentic standards. Samples collected from walls contaminated by
S. chartarum
in a water-damaged building showed that the two known chemotypes, S and A, coexisted. More importantly, a link between mycotoxin concentrations found on contaminated surfaces and in settled dust was made. One dust sample, collected from a water-damaged room, contained 10 pg/cm
2
macrocyclic trichothecenes (roridin E). For the first time, more than one spirocyclic drimane was detected in dust. Spirocyclic drimanes were detected in all 11 analysed dust samples and in total amounted to 600 pg/cm
2
in the water-damaged room and 340 pg/cm
2
in rooms adjacent to the water-damaged area. Their wide distribution in detectable amounts in dust suggested they could be good candidates for exposure biomarkers.
Graphical abstract
Stachybotrys
growing on a gypsum board, and some of the compounds it produces</description><subject>Analytical Chemistry</subject><subject>Biochemistry</subject><subject>biomarkers</subject><subject>buildings</subject><subject>Case studies</subject><subject>Characterization and Evaluation of Materials</subject><subject>Chemical properties</subject><subject>Chemistry</subject><subject>Chemistry and Materials Science</subject><subject>chemotypes</subject><subject>Chromatography</subject><subject>Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid - methods</subject><subject>Contamination</subject><subject>Culture</subject><subject>Culture Media - analysis</subject><subject>Culture Media - chemistry</subject><subject>Cytotoxicity</subject><subject>Dust</subject><subject>Dust - analysis</subject><subject>Food Science</subject><subject>Fungi</subject><subject>gypsum</subject><subject>Health problems</subject><subject>High performance liquid chromatography</subject><subject>Hormones</subject><subject>Laboratory Medicine</subject><subject>Liquid chromatography</subject><subject>Mass spectrometry</subject><subject>Metabolites</subject><subject>Methods</subject><subject>microbial culture</subject><subject>Molds (Fungi)</subject><subject>Monitoring/Environmental Analysis</subject><subject>mycotoxicosis</subject><subject>Mycotoxins</subject><subject>Mycotoxins - analysis</subject><subject>Mycotoxins - chemistry</subject><subject>reference standards</subject><subject>Reproducibility of Results</subject><subject>Research Paper</subject><subject>roridins</subject><subject>screening</subject><subject>Sensitivity and Specificity</subject><subject>Stachybotrys</subject><subject>Stachybotrys - chemistry</subject><subject>Stachybotrys chartarum</subject><subject>tandem mass spectrometry</subject><subject>Tandem Mass Spectrometry - methods</subject><subject>Thyroid</subject><subject>toxicity</subject><subject>Walls</subject><issn>1618-2642</issn><issn>1618-2650</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2016</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>C6C</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkt9r1TAUx4sobk7_AF-k4IsvneecNmniw2AMf8HAB_U5pLnJXUfbXJNU1v_elDuvmyiMEBJyPudL8s23KF4inCJA-zYCEPIK8pS8kdXyqDhGjqIizuDxYd_QUfEsxmsAZAL50-KIWmIMgR8XZ1-TNldL51NYYjkuxid_00_xXemCH0szD2kOtrQ3KWiTYpl8uZljKqMed4ONz4snTg_RvrhdT4rvH95_u_hUXX75-Pni_LIybS1TpUFg3bWkOROuQ5J1XVshede1SMyis51gnWwZOXJaIHQChNAGiUgSyPqkONvr7uZutBtjp3yfQe1CP-qwKK97db8y9Vdq63-qRtYSeZsF3twKBP9jtjGpsY_GDoOerJ-jQlFz3jTQNg9As3lMEMoHoCA4Ze1V9fVf6LWfw5RNWyni-Zu4-ENt9WBVPzm_-r6KqvOmBVY3hJCp039QeWzs2Bs_Wdfn83sNuG8wwccYrDs4h6DWKKl9lFSOklqjpJbc8-qu5YeO39nJAO2BmEvT1oY7L_qv6i_KSNGh</recordid><startdate>20160801</startdate><enddate>20160801</enddate><creator>Došen, Ina</creator><creator>Andersen, Birgitte</creator><creator>Phippen, Christopher B. 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W.</au><au>Clausen, Geo</au><au>Nielsen, Kristian Fog</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Stachybotrys mycotoxins: from culture extracts to dust samples</atitle><jtitle>Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry</jtitle><stitle>Anal Bioanal Chem</stitle><addtitle>Anal Bioanal Chem</addtitle><date>2016-08-01</date><risdate>2016</risdate><volume>408</volume><issue>20</issue><spage>5513</spage><epage>5526</epage><pages>5513-5526</pages><issn>1618-2642</issn><eissn>1618-2650</eissn><abstract>The filamentous fungus
Stachybotrys chartarum
is known for its toxic metabolites and has been associated with serious health problems, including mycotoxicosis, among occupants of contaminated buildings. Here, we present results from a case study, where an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for known and tentatively identified compounds characterized via UHPLC-quadruple time-of-flight (QTOF) screening of fungal culture extracts, wall scrapings and reference standards. The UHPLC-MS/MS method was able to identify 12
Stachybotrys
metabolites, of which four could be quantified based on authentic standards and a further six estimated based on similarity to authentic standards. Samples collected from walls contaminated by
S. chartarum
in a water-damaged building showed that the two known chemotypes, S and A, coexisted. More importantly, a link between mycotoxin concentrations found on contaminated surfaces and in settled dust was made. One dust sample, collected from a water-damaged room, contained 10 pg/cm
2
macrocyclic trichothecenes (roridin E). For the first time, more than one spirocyclic drimane was detected in dust. Spirocyclic drimanes were detected in all 11 analysed dust samples and in total amounted to 600 pg/cm
2
in the water-damaged room and 340 pg/cm
2
in rooms adjacent to the water-damaged area. Their wide distribution in detectable amounts in dust suggested they could be good candidates for exposure biomarkers.
Graphical abstract
Stachybotrys
growing on a gypsum board, and some of the compounds it produces</abstract><cop>Berlin/Heidelberg</cop><pub>Springer Berlin Heidelberg</pub><pmid>27255106</pmid><doi>10.1007/s00216-016-9649-y</doi><tpages>14</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Analytical Chemistry Biochemistry biomarkers buildings Case studies Characterization and Evaluation of Materials Chemical properties Chemistry Chemistry and Materials Science chemotypes Chromatography Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid - methods Contamination Culture Culture Media - analysis Culture Media - chemistry Cytotoxicity Dust Dust - analysis Food Science Fungi gypsum Health problems High performance liquid chromatography Hormones Laboratory Medicine Liquid chromatography Mass spectrometry Metabolites Methods microbial culture Molds (Fungi) Monitoring/Environmental Analysis mycotoxicosis Mycotoxins Mycotoxins - analysis Mycotoxins - chemistry reference standards Reproducibility of Results Research Paper roridins screening Sensitivity and Specificity Stachybotrys Stachybotrys - chemistry Stachybotrys chartarum tandem mass spectrometry Tandem Mass Spectrometry - methods Thyroid toxicity Walls |
| title | Stachybotrys mycotoxins: from culture extracts to dust samples |
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